TOURISM IN CAVES and THE CONSERVATION of THE SPELEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: THE CASE of SERRA da BODOQUENA (MATO GROSSO do SUL STATE, BRAZIL)

Heros Augusto Santos Lobo & Edvaldo Cesar Moretti: Tourism in Caves and the Conservation of the Speleological Heritage: The case of Serra da Bodoquena (Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil)The Serra da Bodoquena is the region in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil in which the Municipality of Bonito is located. This municipality is the primary calling card for tourism in the state and is one of the most developed areas of ecotourism and speleotourism in the country The tourism there is entitled ecotourism, and is designed to be sustainable. The present case study focuses on the ecologically Sustainable aspects of the spleotourism practiced there, especially the proposals for tourist carrying capacity adopted. The results and discussion provide Suggestions for the adoption of a different formulation of carrying capacity focusing on both operational and quantitative aspects. Ecologically Sustainable speleotourism in the Serra da Bodoquena should be possible as long as new proposals limiting visitation are adopted which conform to technical environmental management procedures and consider the interests of local stakeholders.

The preparation of inventories and balance sheets of the natural and cultural heritage

Includes bibliography

Natural heritage accounts and sustainable development

Includes bibliography

Fractal dimension and Shannon's entropy analyses of the architectural complexity caused by the inflammatory reactions induced by highly crystalline polyvinyl alcohol) microspheres implanted in subcutaneous tissues of the Wistar rats

The results of the histopathological analyses after the implantation of highly crystalline PVA microspheres in subcutaneous tissues of Wistar rats are here in reported. Three different groups of PVA microparticles were systematically studied: highly crystalline, amorphous, and commercial ones. In addition to these experiments, complementary analyses of architectural complexity were performed using fractal dimension (FD), and Shannon's entropy (SE) concepts. The highly crystalline microspheres induced inflammatory reactions similar to the ones observed for the commercial ones, while the inflammatory reactions caused by the amorphous ones were less intense. Statistical analyses of the subcutaneous tissues of Wistar rats implanted with the highly crystalline microspheres resulted in FD and SE values significantly higher than the statistical parameters observed for the amorphous ones. The FD and SE parameters obtained for the subcutaneous tissues of Wistar rats implanted with crystalline and commercial microparticles were statistically similar. Briefly, the results indicated that the new highly crystalline microspheres had biocompatible behavior comparable to the commercial ones. In addition, statistical tools such as FD and SE analyses when combined with histopathological analyses can be useful tools to investigate the architectural complexity tissues caused by complex inflammatory reactions. © 2012 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

The preparation of natural and cultural heritage inventories and accounts

Includes bibliography

Informe del Taller de Trabajo sobre Inventarios y Cuentas del Patrimonio Natural del Corredor Biológico de Chichinautzin, Estado de Morelos, México = Report of the Workshop on Natural Heritage Inventories and Accounts for the Chichinautzin Biological Corridor in the State of Morelos, Mexico

Contiene los antecedentes y resumen de los debates de la reunión que tuvo por objetivo presentar los resultados obtenidos en la elaboración de un inventario y una cuenta del patrimonio natural para el corredor biológico de Chichinautzin, y contribuir por medio de estudios presentados, a la preservación de un cinturón ecológico en torno al Distrito de Morelos.

Informe del Seminario Regional sobre Inventarios y Cuentas del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural: Avances y Perspectivas en América Latina y el Caribe = Report of the Regional Seminar on Natural and Cultural Heritage Inventories and Accounts: Progress and Prospects in Latin America and the Caribbean

Contiene los antecedentes básicos y resumen de los debates del Seminario que tuvo por objetivo presentar el estado actual de los conocimientos en metodologías de cuentas del patrimonio natural, las metodologías de clasificación y jerarquización de los recursos naturales que se han de incorporar en las cuentas patrimoniales, los conflictos sobre la valoración económica, economía política e indicadores económico-ambientales en las cuentas patrimoniales, los sistemas de información geográfica.

Do Largo das Mercês à Praça Visconde do Rio Branco: um estudo de gestão do patrimônio histórico em Belém do Pará, 1941-2011

Do Largo das Mercês à Praça Visconde do Rio Branco: um estudo de gestão do patrimônio Histórico em Belém do Pará, 1941-2011, propõe a realização de uma análise da gestão dos órgãos de preservação à nível municipal, estadual e federal na cidade de Belém, a partir de um estudo sobre a praça e entorno imediato, verificando as condições de caracterização e de conservação deste conjunto arquitetônico, urbanístico e paisagístico, desde a década de 1940 até os dias atuais. A linguagem visual desta dissertação também ajuda na observação das alterações ocorridas na praça e nos imóveis que a delimitam, posto que a imagem fotográfica constitui-se em importante instrumento de investigação histórica, para identificar novos objetos e novos problemas, além de indicar aqueles que permanecem ao longo dos anos. Pretende-se analisar alguns dos projetos já desenvolvidos para a área, com base nos respectivos tombamentos existentes no Centro Histórico da cidade. Espera-se, dessa forma, poder verificar e analisar as ações de proteção realizadas pelos órgãos responsáveis pela salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural, verificando se existe compatibilidade de critérios e de ações. Este estudo procura, também, diagnosticar os problemas atuais da praça e ressaltar a importância de sua manutenção, para a memória histórica e arquitetônica de Belém.

Raio que o parta! assimilações do modernismo nos anos 50 e 60 do século xx e seu apagamento em Belém (PA)

Este trabalho é fruto de pesquisas que vem sendo desenvolvidas pelo Laboratório de Memória e Patrimônio Cultural (LAMEMO) da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal do Pará acerca da arquitetura não-erudita presente no Estado do Pará em meados do século XX, que emprestou elementos do modernismo para compor o que se conhece hoje por “Raio que o parta” (RQP), contemplando sua análise historiográfica a partirdos estudos já realizados sobre o assunto e a caracterização das tipologias presentes nas fachadas de residências de três bairros: Cidade Velha, Umarizal e Telégrafo. Nos três locais, é possível observar uma quantidade considerável de exemplares, embora cada um apresente um contexto distinto. Na Cidade Velha, casas com essa característica são frequentes, fato curioso por se tratar de uma área onde dominam as construções ecléticas e tombadas por órgãos do patrimônio histórico. No Umarizal, apesar de sensíveis modificações de seu estrato social e da especulação ao longo de sua história, é dos três bairros o que apresenta maior número de casas, mas também alto número de apagamentos. A quantidade de exemplares e a caracterização popular nas fachadas também justificam a escolha pelo terceiro recorte, o bairro do Telégrafo, onde encontramos o maior índice de renovação arquitetônica que provoca o desaparecimento das linhas RQP. Usando ferramentas como a Etnografia de Rua e a análise semiótica de fachadas, identificamos 90 casas com traços Raio que o parta, levando em consideração a relação do morador/proprietário com as mesmas, no que diz respeito aos condicionantespara sua remoção/apagamento e considerando aspectos como anseios demodernização da residência ou juízo de valor cambiante, identificados por Riegl (2006).

Toxic heritage: maternal transfer of pyrethroid insecticides and sunscreen agents in dolphins from Brazil

Pyrethroids (PYR) and UV filters (UVF) were investigated in tissues of paired mother-fetus dolphins from Brazilian coast in order to investigate the possibility of maternal transfer of these emerging contaminants. Comparison of PYR and UVF concentrations in maternal and fetal blubber revealed Franciscana transferred efficiently both contaminants to fetuses (F/M > 1) and Guiana dolphin transferred efficiently PYR to fetuses (F/M > 1) different than UVF (F/M < 1). PYR and UVF concentrations in fetuses were the highest-ever reported in biota (up to 6640 and 11,530 ng/g lw, respectively). Muscle was the organ with the highest PYR and UVF concentrations (p < 0.001), suggesting that these two classes of emerging contaminants may have more affinity for proteins than for lipids. The high PYR and UVF concentrations found in fetuses demonstrate these compounds are efficiently transferred through placenta. This study is the first to report maternal transfer of pyrethroids and UV filters in marine mammals.

Medium and large-sized mammals in a private reserve of natural heritage in the municipality of Jaú, São Paulo, Brazil

Medium and large-sized mammals control invertebrate and vertebrate populations and are important seed dispersers. These animals are losing their territory and living range due to deforestation and the fragmentation of natural areas, particularly in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. The Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH) Amadeu Botelho is isolated from other forest fragments and is thus a wildlife refuge in the region of Jaú, central-western region of state of São Paulo, southeastem Brazil. Animals as such as the puma (Puma concolor), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) have been sighted in the reserve by wildlife guards and residents. This reserve, which belongs to “Santo Antônio dos Ipês” farm, is surrounded by several plantations, and is very close to the center of the city of Jaú. In addition to surveying the mammal species in the reserve, this study diagnosed the influence of the farm’s activities and the proximity to the center of the municipality of Jaú on the fauna under study

Book Review of Archaeological Theory and the Politics of Cultural Heritage by Laurajane Smith

The passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1991 significantly changed the way archaeology would be done in the United States. This act was presaged by growing complaints and resentment directed at the scientific community by Native Americans over the treatment of their ancestral remains. Many of the underlying issues came to a head with the discovery and subsequent court battles over the 9,200-year-old individual commonly known as Kennewick Man. This had a galvanizing effect on the discipline, not only perpetuating the sometimes adversarial relationship between archaeologists and Native Americans, but also creating a rift between those archaeologists who understood Native American concerns and those who saw their ancestral skeletal remains representing the legacy of humankind and thus belonging to everyone. Similar scenarios have emerged in Australia.

Resistance of Cyanobacterial Fouling on Architectural Paint Films to Cleaning by Water Jet

Mortar panels painted with three different white acrylic coatings were exposed to the environment in urban (So Paulo) and rural (Pirassununga) sites in Brazil for 7 years. After this time, all panels were almost equally discoloured, and paint detachment was observed to only a small degree. The biofilms were composed mainly of cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi, principal genera being Gloeocapsa and Chroococcidiopsis of the cyanobacteria, and Cladosporium and Alternaria of the fungi. Two of the three paints in Pirassununga became covered by a pink film that contained red-encapsulated Gloeocapsa and clay particles. The third, an 800% elastomeric matt formulation, became discoloured with a grey, only slightly pink, film, although the same cyanobacteria were present. The levels of paint detachments from all films in both locations were low, with rating range of 0-1 of a maximum 5 (100% detachment). After high-pressure water jetting, paint detachments increased at both locations, up to 2 in Pirassununga and 3 in So Paulo. Discoloration decreased; L*A*B* analysis of surface discoloration showed that Delta E (alteration in colour from the original paint film) changed from 28-39 before cleaning to 13-16 afterwards. The pink coloration was not entirely removed from Pirassununga samples, suggesting that cyanobacterial cells are difficult to detach, and microscopic analysis of the biofilms confirmed that Gloeocapsa was still present as the principal contaminant on all surfaces, with Chroococcidiopsis being present as the second most common. Almost no fungi were detected after water jet application.

Drawing and surface: freehand architectural drawing mediated by digital

This paper discusses the redefinition of the function of freehand drawing in the design process in view of intuitive digital media. It sets forth an interpretive analysis of an experiment with drawing on opaque tablets, carried out with a group of students of the Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo. After a brief review of the current debate on freehand drawing and the advent of digital media, we examine the experiment as a possible way to elicit facts that may contribute to the discussion. To this end, our research has concentrated on the intuitive use enabled by existing digital media. It is our intention that this empirical approximation becomes a pilot experiment for the use of digital tablets in the process of construction the gaze of the student in Architecture and Urbanism as a reflection on the different cognitive dimensions that constitute the practice of drawing and its reinterpretation to develop new ideas.