Portrait of Irene Kuhn Portraits; Women

Irene Kuhn and her family lived downstairs from the Roth family at Schneckenburgerstrasse 42, Munich. Her sister, and perhaps Irene also emigrated to London. Their mother Nelly Kuhn died in 1938. It is not known what happened to their father Albert.

A vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidase in erythrocyte membrane generates hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation of NADH by rat erythrocyte plasma membrane was stimulated by about 50-fold on addition of decavanadate, but not other forms of vanadate like orthovanadate, metavanadate aad vanadyl sulphate. The vanadate-stimulated activity was observed only in phosphate buffer while other buffers like Tris, acetate, borate and Hepes were ineffective. Oxygen was consumed during the oxidation of NADH and the products were found to be NAD+ and hydrogen peroxide. The reaction had a stoichiometry of one mole of oxygen consumption and one mole of H2O2 production for every mole of NADH that was oxidized. Superoxide dismutase and manganous inhibited the activity indicating the involvement of superoxide anions. Electron spin resonance in the presence of a spin trap, 5, 5prime-dimethyl pyrroline N-oxide, indicated the presence of superoxide radicals. Electron spin resonance studies also showed the appearance of VIV species by reduction of VV of decavanadate indicating thereby participation of vanadate in the redox reaction. Under the conditions of the assay, vanadate did not stimulate lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. Extracts from lipid-free preparations of the erythrocyte membrane showed full activity. This ruled out the possibility of oxygen uptake through lipid peroxidation. The vanadate-stimulated NADH oxidation activity could be partially solubilized by treating erythrocyte membranes either with Triton X-100 or sodium cholate. Partially purified enzyme obtained by extraction with cholate and fractionation by ammonium sulphate and DEAE-Sephadex was found to be unstable.

Structure of l-Diphenylmethyl-3-hydroxyazetidinium Chloride,* C 16 H lsN O+.CI -

M r=275.8, monoclinic, P21/a, a= 12.356 (5), b=9.054 (4), c= 14.043 (4) A, t= 100.34 (3) ° , V=1545.5A 3, Z=4, D,,,= 1.14, D x = 1.185 Mg m -3, p(Mo Ka, /l = 0.7107 ]k) = 2.77 mm -1, F(000) = 584.0, T= 293 K, R = 0.053 for 1088 reflections. The four-membered ring is buckled 13.0 ° (0= 167.0°). The azetidinium moiety is linked to the C1- ion through a hydrogen bond [O-H...C1 = 3.166 (5) A].

Pericarps retained in the tree canopy and stomatal abundance are components of resistance to husk spot caused by Pseudocercospora macadamiae in macadamia

Pseudocercospora macadamiae Beilharz, Mayers and Pascoe infects macadamia fruit via stomata causing husk spot disease. Information on the variability of fruit stomatal abundance, its association with diseased fruit pericarps (sticktights) that are retained in the tree canopy, and its influence on the husk spot intensity (incidence, severity and lesion number) among macadamia genotypes is lacking. We examined a total of 230 macadamia trees comprising 19 cultivars, 56 wild germplasm accessions and 40 breeding progeny, for the prevalence of sticktights and husk spot intensity over three production seasons. We observed a strong association between the prevalence of sticktights and disease intensity indicating its usefulness as a predictor of husk spot and as a useful phenotypic trait for husk spot resistance selection in breeding programmes. Similarly, stomatal abundance varied among macadamia genotypes, and a significant linear relationship (P < 0.001; 93%) was observed between fruit stomatal abundance and husk spot for all the macadamia genotypes analysed, confirming the utility of that trait for disease resistance screening. The genotypes were grouped into disease resistance groups. Correlations between fruit stomatal abundance, disease intensity and prevalence of sticktights revealed that the numbers of sticktights, and relative stomatal abundance were the main factors influencing the intensity of husk spot among macadamia genotypes. This is the first comprehensive study of natural variation of stomatal abundance in Macadamia species that reveals genetic variation, and provides relevant relationships with disease intensity and the prevalence of sticktights. The phenotypic plant traits indentified in this study may serve as selection tools for disease resistance screening in macadamia breeding programmes.

First report of a Trichinella papuae infection in a wild pig (Sus scrofa) from an Australian island in the Torres Strait region

Multiple Trichinella species are reported from the Australasian region although mainland Australia has never confirmed an indigenous case of Trichinella infection in humans or animals. Wildlife surveys in high-risk regions are essential to truly determine the presence or absence of Trichinella, but in mainland Australia are largely lacking. In this study, a survey was conducted in wild pigs from mainland Australia's Cape York Peninsula and Torres Strait region for the presence of Trichinella, given the proximity of a Trichinella papuae reservoir in nearby PNG. We report the detection of a Trichinella infection in a pig from an Australian island in the Torres Strait, a narrow waterway that separates the islands of New Guinea and continental Australia. The larvae were characterised as T. papuae (Kikori strain) by PCR and sequence analysis. No Trichinella parasites were found in any pigs from the Cape York Peninsula. These results highlight the link the Torres Strait may play in providing a passage for introduction of Trichinella parasites from the Australasian region to the Australian mainland. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

QTL associated with barley (Hordeum vulgare) feed quality traits measured through in situ digestion

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is a major feed source for the intensive livestock industry. Competitiveness against other cereal grains depends largely on the price per unit of expressed feed quality. The traits which contribute to feed quality in barley are largely quantitative in nature but little is known about their genetic control. A study to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with feed quality was performed using a F6-derived recombinant inbred barley population. Samples from each line were incubated in the rumen of fistulated cattle, recovered, washed and dried for determination of in situ dry matter digestibility. Additionally, both pre- and post-digestion samples were analysed to quantify the content of key quality components relating to acid detergent fibre, total starch and protein. The data was used to identify trait-associated QTLs. Genetic analysis identified significant QTLs on chromosomes 2H, 5H and 7H. Genetic markers linked to these QTL should provide an effective tool for the selection and improvement of feed barley in the future.

Is Mycoplasma bovis a missing component of the bovine respiratory disease complex in Australia?

Background: Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multi-factorial disease in which numerous factors, such as animal management, pathogen exposure and environmental conditions, contribute to the development of acute respiratory illness in feedlot cattle. The role of specific pathogens in the development of BRDC has been difficult to define because of the complex nature of the disease and the presence of implicated bacterial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals. Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen of cattle and recognised as a major contributor to cases of mastitis, caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia, arthritis and otitis media. To date, the role of M.bovis in the development of BRDC of Australian feeder cattle has not been investigated. Methods: In this review, the current literature pertaining to the role of M.bovis in BRDC is evaluated. In addition, preliminary data are presented that identify M.bovis as a potential contributor to BRDC in Australian feedlots, which has not been considered previously. Results and Conclusion: The preliminary results demonstrate detection of M.bovis in samples from all feedlots studied. When considered in the context of the reviewed literature, they support the inclusion of M.bovis on the list of pathogens to be considered during investigations into BRDC in Australia. © 2014 Australian Veterinary Association.

Lentosääennusteiden merkitys

Tässä työssä selvitetään lentosääennusteiden käyttöä lennon suunnittelun ja toteutuksen perusteena. Tuodaan esille määräyksiä ja lentosäätietojen käyttöä kaikissa lennon vaiheissa. Perehdytään ennustettujen olosuhteiden ja ennusteiden laadun merkitykseen lentojen toteutuksessa. Selvitetään lentosääennusteisiin liittyviä lentoliikenteen kustannuksia. Työn aineistona käytettiin joulukuu 2006 - heinäkuu 2007 välisenä aikana eri pituisina jaksoina kerättyä 185 liikennelennon lennonsuunnittelumateriaalia ja 126 satunnaisella otoksella otettuja Suomen GAFOR -ennusteita. Liikennelennot toteutettiin Suomen ja Euroopan alueella. Työssä todennettiin METAR –lentopaikkasanoman avulla TAF -lentopaikka-, TREND -laskeutumis-, GAFOR -yleisilmailuennusteita. Yleisestä sääpalvelusta saatua materiaalia käsiteltiin EXCEL –taulukkolaskentaohjelmalla Lentosääennusteita käsiteltiin usean eri käyttäjäryhmän kannalta. Reittilentomittauksilla tutkittiin SIGMET –varoituspalvelun, SWC –merkitsevän sään ja yläilmakehän tuulen sekä lämpötilan ennusteita. TAF –pilvikorkeusennusteiden keskimääräinen hyvyysluku oli lähes sama pilvikorkeudesta riippumatta. Suhteellisen hyvissä olosuhteissa toimivat käyttäjät saivat ennusteista paljon hyötyä. Vaakanäkyvyysennusteiden keskimääräinen hyvyysluku oli suurempi hyvissä kuin huonoissa olosuhteissa. Huonojen olosuhteiden ennusteet olivat lentotoiminnalle enemmän harmillisia kuin hyödyllisiä. Ennustustyö olisi tarvinnut apuvälinettä. Tutkittiin TREND –ennusteiden ominaista osuvuutta. NOSIG –ennuste oli suhteellisen usein julkaistu vaikka sitä seurasi olosuhteen muutos. BECMG -ennuste toteutui pääsääntöisesti ennusteajan alkupuolella. Ajoittaisten olosuhdemuutosten aikana TEMPO -ennusteita julkaistiin hyvin, mutta ennusteen osuvuus vaihteli. Tässä muodossa jaettu ennustetieto ei palvele kovin hyvin päätöstilannetta, jossa on arvioitava polttoaineen riittävyys lennon loppuosalle. GAFOR -pintatuuliennusteet olivat onnistuneita kuten TAF -ennusteissa. Vaakanäkyvyys- ja pilvikorkeusolosuhteissa vertailupisteissä oli 10% havainnoista ennustettua huonompaa olosuhdetta, jos käytettiin vain GAFOR –ennusteen perusosaa lennonsuunnittelussa ja 6% havainnoista, jos käytettiin koko ennustetta. Ilma-aluksen päällikön on valvottava näkölento-olosuhteiden kehitystä lennon aikana ja varmistettava aina näkölento-olosuhteinen lentoreitti laskupaikalle. Lentosääennusteet ovat osa lentotoimintaa mahdollistavaa järjestelmää. Ennusteet hallitsevat vaihtelevasti olosuhteita ja luonnollisesti aiheuttavat ongelmallisia tilanteita. Käyttäjiä sitovat määräykset on luotu, jotta toiminta olisi turvallista. Laadukkaita ennusteita tarvitaan isoilla liikennepaikoilla lentoliikenteen kapasiteetin hallintaan. Pienillä lentopaikoilla laitevarustus ei vielä takaa lentotoimintaa kaikissa olosuhteissa. Näkölentotoimintaa harjoitetaan jatkuvasti sekä hyvissä että kohtalaisen huonoissa olosuhteissa.

Age-based demographics of the pearl perch Glaucosoma scapulare (Ramsay, 1881)

Summary: This research represents the first age-based demographic assessment of pearl perch, Glaucosoma scapulare (Ramsay, 1881), a highly valued species endemic to coastal waters off central eastern Australia. The study was conducted across the species' distribution that encompasses two state jurisdictions (Queensland in the north and New South Wales in the south) using data collected approximately 10 years apart in each state. Estimates of age were made by counting annuli (validated using marginal increment ratios) in sectioned sagittal otoliths. The maximum estimated age was 19 years. Pearl perch attained approx. 12 cm fork length (FL) after one year, 21 cm FL after 2 years and 29 cm FL after 3 years. Fish from the southern end of the species' distribution grew significantly more slowly than those from the northern part of its range. Commercial landings in the north were characterized by greater proportions of larger (>40 cm FL) and older (>6 years) fish than those in the south, with landings mainly of fish between 3 and 6 years of age. The observed variations in age-based demographics of pearl perch highlight the need for a better understanding of patterns of movement and reproduction in developing a model of population dynamics and life-history for this important species. There is a clear need for further, concurrent, age-based studies on pearl perch in the northern and southern parts of its distribution to support the conclusions of the present study based on data collected a decade apart. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Large-scale characterization of drought pattern: a continent-wide modelling approach applied to the Australian wheatbelt – spatial and temporal trends

* Plant response to drought is complex, so that traits adapted to a specific drought type can confer disadvantage in another drought type. Understanding which type(s) of drought to target is of prime importance for crop improvement. * Modelling was used to quantify seasonal drought patterns for a check variety across the Australian wheatbelt, using 123 yr of weather data for representative locations and managements. Two other genotypes were used to simulate the impact of maturity on drought pattern. * Four major environment types summarized the variability in drought pattern over time and space. Severe stress beginning before flowering was common (44% of occurrences), with (24%) or without (20%) relief during grain filling. High variability occurred from year to year, differing with geographical region. With few exceptions, all four environment types occurred in most seasons, for each location, management system and genotype. * Applications of such environment characterization are proposed to assist breeding and research to focus on germplasm, traits and genes of interest for target environments. The method was applied at a continental scale to highly variable environments and could be extended to other crops, to other drought-prone regions around the world, and to quantify potential changes in drought patterns under future climates.

Spirocyclic phosphazenes derived from the reaction of N3P3Cl6 and N4P4Cl8 with bifunctional reagents

Four possible reaction paths may be envisaged when a chlorocyclophosphazene reacts with a bifunctional reagent (FIGURE). He have shown recently that 1,2-diaminoethane and ethanolamine react initially with N3P3CI 6 to give the spirocyclic derivatives, N3P3CI4(HNCH2CH2X) X = NH, 0 (I). Further reaction with these bifunctional reagents leads to the formation of non-crystalline resins [reaction (iii)] albeit two isomeric bls(spirocyclic)- ethanolamino derivatives were isolated in low yields (vSZ).

L-Tyrosyl-L-glutarnie Acid Monohydrate, C14H18N206.H20

Mr=328.32, triclinic, P1, a=5.801 (1), b=7.977(1), c=9.110(2)A, ~t=102.33 (1), fl= 97.92 (1), y= 109.82 (1) °, v= 377.2 (1) A 3 at 293 K, Z=I, D x=1.45, D m=1.45 g cm -3, 2(MoKs)= 0.7107 A, ~ = 0.74 cm -1, F(000) = 174.0. R = 0.046 for 990 unique observed [F o > 4O(Fo)] reflections. The crystal structure is stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding involving all N and O atoms.

Iterative solution of a class of linear equations with application to reconstruction of three-dimensional object arrays

An iterative algorithm baaed on probabilistic estimation is described for obtaining the minimum-norm solution of a very large, consistent, linear system of equations AX = g where A is an (m times n) matrix with non-negative elements, x and g are respectively (n times 1) and (m times 1) vectors with positive components.

Transformation microstructures in a Ti-31A1-13Mo alloy

Some initial results are presented on the formation of the y phase, based on the intermetallic TiA1 (LIo, c/a = 1.02) from the phase, based on the intermetallic TidAl (DOts , c/a = 0.801) in a Ti-31wt. Al-13wt Mo alloy. The study is part of a programme to evaluate microstractures and properties of alloys containing the y phase in the Ti-Mo-AI ternary system.

Effect of allylisopropylacetamide on Nuclear Ribonucleic Acid synthesis in rat liver

The porphyrogenic drug allylisopropylacetamide, a potent inducer of delta-aminolaevulinate synthetase, specifically increases nucleoplasmic RNA synthesis in rat liver. The drug-mediated increase in nucleoplasmic RNA synthesis is blocked by cycloheximide and haemin, which also inhibit the enzyme induction.