Professional non-neutrality: criticising the third party in psychotherapy

Using audio-recorded data from cognitive-constructivist psychotherapy, the article shows a particular institutional context in which successful professional action does not adhere to the pattern of affective neutrality which Parsons saw as an inherent component of medicine and psychotherapy. In our data, the professional’s non-neutrality functions as a tool for achieving institutional goals. The analysis focuses on the psychotherapist’s actions that convey a critical stance towards a third party with whom the patient has experienced problems. The data analysis revealed two practices of this kind of critique: (1) the therapist can confirm the critique that the patient has expressed or (2) return to the critique from which the patient has focused away. These actions are shown to build grounds for the therapist’s further actions that challenge the patient’s dysfunctional beliefs. The article suggests that in the case of psychotherapy, actions that as such might be seen as apparent lapses from the neutral professional role can in their specific context perform the task of the institution at hand.

The Exchange Processes in Zinc-Complexes of o-Vanillin Salicyloylhydrazone as studied by 2-Dimensional NMR

Zinc forms two types of complexes with o-vanillin salicyloylhydrazone. The H-1 and C-13 nmr studies suggest that it coordinates with azomethine nitrogen, the carbonyl oxygen and with one or both of the phenolic oxygens. The H-1-H-1 and H-1 decoupled C-13-C-13 two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectra show that there is an exchange between the two types of complexes.

Origin of visible photoluminescence from porous silicon as studied by Raman spectroscopy

In this paper we discuss the different models proposed to explain the visible luminescence in porous silicon (PS). We review our recent photoluminescence and Raman studies on PS as a function of different preparation conditions and isochronal thermal annealing. Our results can be explained by a hybrid model which incorporates both nanostructures for quantum confinement and silicon complexes (such as SiHx, and siloxene) and defects at Si/SiO2, interfaces as luminescent centres.

The exchange processes in o-vanillin salicyloylhydrazone as studied by two-dimensional NMR

Multidimensional NMR studies of o-vanillin salicyloylhydrazone at various temperatures have been undertaken in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and its cryoprotective mixture in H2O and D2O, acetone and acetonitrile. The molecule is found to exist in two conformers in dimethyl sulfoxide and the cryoprotective mixture. The exchange between the two conformers has been detected from the two-dimensional experiments - information which is not easily obtainable from the normal one-dimensional spectra. Results in the different solvents are interpreted in terms of solvent-solute interactions.

The structure of amorphous platinum disulfide as studied by anomalous x-ray-scattering

Anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) has been applied to study the structure of amorphous platinum disulfide, Pt1-xS2, prepared by the precipitation process. The local atomic arrangement in amorphous Pt1-xS2 was determined by the least-squares variational method so as to reproduce the experimental differential interference function at the Pt L(III) absorption edge by the AXS method as well as the ordinary interference function by MoK alpha. The structural unit in amorphous Pt1-xS2 is found to be a PtS6 octahedron, similar to that in crystalline PtS2. These octahedra share both their corners and edges, while only edge-sharing linkages occur in crystalline PtS2.

Influence of poling methods on the orientational dynamics of 2-methyl-4-nitro-aniline in poly(methyl methacrylate) studied by second harmonic generation

The magnitude and stability of the induced dipolar orientation of 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) guest/host system is investigated. The chromophores are aligned using both the corona discharge and contact electrode poling techniques. The magnitude of order parameter (also an indicator for the second order nonlinear susceptibility) is measured by recording absorbances of the poled (by the two different techniques) and unpoled PMMA films at different concentrations of MNA. Under the same conditions the corona poling technique creates a higher alignment of molecules along the field direction. The time dependence of the second harmonic intensity of the MNA/PMMA film prepared by the two techniques can be described by a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched exponential. The temperature dependence of the decay time constant is found to generally follow a modified Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) or Vogel-Tamann-Fulcher (VTF) equation. The glass transition temperature seems to be the single most important parameter for determining the relaxation time tau(T).

Quinazoline�iodine interaction as studied by NMR in nematic solutions

The results of an NMR study of the interaction of quinazoline with iodine in the nematic phase indicate the formation of at least two different types of charge-transfer complexes. Significant changes in the molecular geometry of the quinazoline moiety were observed as a result of complexation with iodine. Detailed information on the formation of the charge-transfer complexes was derived from the changes in the molecular structure, order parameters and chemical shifts as functions of iodine concentration. The observed changes in the order parameters are interpreted in terms of bond interaction tensors.

Variation of Cu-O charge-transfer energies in YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films studied by photoemission spectroscopy

It is pointed out that the change in the oxidation state of Cu in YBa2CU3O7-x with increasing x vitiates the trend in the Cu(2p) satellite intensity and hence the Cu-O charge-transfer energy. When Y is partly replaced by Ca, however, the satellite intensity and T(c) decrease with the increase in Ca content or hole concentration, just as in other cuprates.

Weak molecular complexes as studied by NMR spectroscopy of oriented molecules

Weak molecular interactions such as those in pyridine-iodine, benzene-iodine and benzene-chloroform systems oriented in thermotropic liquid crystals have been studied from the changes of the order parameters as a result of complex formation. The results indicate the formation of at least two types of charge transfer complexes in pyridine-iodine solutions. The pi-complexes in benzene-chloroform and benzene-iodine mixtures have also been detected. No detectable changes in the inter-proton distances in these systems were observed.

Dynamic Behavior of Poly(2-vinylpyridine) in Solution Studied by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation

Abstract: The dynamics of poly(2-vinylpyridine) in chloroform solution has been examined by C-13 spin-lattice relaxation time and NOE measurements as a function of temperature. The experiments were performed at 50.3 and 100.6 MHz. The backbone carbon relaxation data have been analyzed in terms of six motional models. Among these models, the models which consider conformational transitions and bond librations for the backbone were found to be more successful. Pyridyl ring motion has been modeled as a restricted rotation with the rotational amplitude varying with temperature. The activation energy parameters obtained from the relaxation data of the pyridyl ring carbon have been compared with the energy barrier for ring rotation estimated from conformational energy calculations using the AM1 semiempirical quantum chemical method. The results of the conformational energy calculations support the description of pyridyl ring motion as a restricted rotation.

Electronic structure of In1-xMnxAs studied by photoemission spectroscopy: Comparison with Ga1-xMnxAs

We have investigated the electronic structure of the p-type diluted magnetic semiconductor In1-xMnxAs by photoemission spectroscopy. The Mn 3d partial density of states is found to be basically similar to that of Ga1-xMnxAs. However, the impurity-band-like states near the top of the valence band have not been observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy unlike Ga1-xMnxAs. This difference would explain the difference in transport, magnetic and optical properties of In1-xMnxAs and Ga1-xMnxAs. The different electronic structures are attributed to the weaker Mn 3d-As 4p hybridization in In1-xMnxAs than in Ga1-xMnxAs.

Hydrogen Passivation of Shallow Dopants in InP Studied by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

The effect of hydrogenation on the photoluminescence (PL) of InP : Mg, InP : Zn and undoped n-InP is presented. An increase in the near band edge pl intensity due to passivation of non-radiative centers was observed in all the samples. A donor - acceptor pair transition was observed before hydrogenation in the InP : Mg sample and after hydrogenation in the InP : Zn sample due to the acceptor deactivation. In n-InP the enhancement of donor bound exciton after hydrogenation points to the absence of donor passivation.