Effect of intraperitoneal or incisional bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs

Objective To compare the effect of intraperitoneal (IP) or incisional (INC) bupivacaine on pain and the analgesic requirement after ovariohysterectomy in dogs.Study design Prospective, randomized clinical study.Animals Thirty female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE).Methods Dogs admitted for elective OHE were anesthetized with acepromazine, butorphanol, thiopental and halothane. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 10 per group). The treatments consisted of preincisional infiltration with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) or bupivacaine with epinephrine and/or IP administration of the same solutions, as follows: INC and IP 0.9% NaCl (control group); INC 0.9% NaCl and IP bupivacaine (5 mg kg(-1), IP group); INC bupivacaine (1 mg kg(-1)) and IP 0.9% NaCl (INC group). Postoperative pain was evaluated by a blinded observer for 24 hours after extubation by means of a visual analog scale (VAS) and a numeric rating scale (NRS). Rescue analgesia (morphine, 0.5 mg kg(-1), IM) was administered if the VAS was > 5/10 or the NRS > 10/29.Results At 1 hour after anesthesia, VAS pain scores were [medians (interquartile range)]: 6.4 (3.1-7.9), 0.3 (0.0-2.6) and 0.0 (0.0-7.0) in control, IP and INC groups, respectively. VAS pain scores were lower in the IP compared to the control group. Over the first 24 hours, rescue analgesia was administered to 7/10, 5/10 and 3/10 dogs of the control, INC and IP groups, respectively. Total number of dogs given rescue analgesia over the first 24 hours did not differ significantly among groups.Conclusions and clinical relevance Intraperitoneal bupivacaine resulted in lower pain scores during the first hour of the postoperative period and there was a trend towards a decreased need for rescue analgesia after OHE in dogs.

Experimental surgery of the facial nerve. Assessment of the intraperitoneal use of exogenous gangliosides

Compression and section of the facial nerve were performed in 48 rats in order to study the anatomopathological alterations occurring after daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg of exogenous gangliosides (Sinaxial®) for 45, 90, 180 days. In groups submitted to nerve compression, the histopathological changes were discrete and in the 180-day subgroups the nerve was practically normal. In animals submitted to section and neurorrhaphy there was formation of an amputation neuroma, a granuloma around the suture, axonal unstructuration and inter and perineural fibrosis. No significant differences were observed between the groups submitted or not to injection of exogenous gangliosides, indicating that the major factors involved in the quality of nerve regeneration were the technique and the formation of fibrosis and of an amputation neuroma.

Situacao atual da quimioterapia contra a tuberculose

Actions to overcome a disease are dependant, essentially, on what is known about it. Procedures followed in the past were sometimes bizarre, but justified because of how little was known about the disease. The tuberculosis prechemotherapeutic age was somber due to the high levels of fatalities and morbidity. With the arrival of the chemotherapeutic treatment its prognosis has changed. Tuberculosis declined in the 50's and stabilized in the 80's. Nevertheless, it is back increasing alarming its numbers more than ever; probably because of some factors, among them, the public health system lack of attention and the government's policies, increasing in the migration to and from the endemic areas, development of drug multi-resistant cepa and also to the HIV infection. An universal antimycobacteria chemotherapy treatment is not accepted, maybe because of the number of drugs that are available. Modern chemotherapy, however, has an attack and a maintenance phases with the aim to eliminate the bacillus of fast and slow multiplication, respectively. The treatment period is long, when compared with other infectious diseases, that leads to the lack of compliance. In spite of the available resources in the fight against tuberculosis they seem insufficient to restrain the disease. This has forced the search for new chemotherapy alternatives to avoid strong come back of tuberculosis to the point of being called the 'white plague' well into the 21'st century.

Pró-fármaco ativado por enzima, uma estratégia promissora na quimioterapia

Strategies that promote selective activation of prodrugs by enzymes can be divided into two major classes: 1) deliver of a monoclonal antibody-enzyme immunoconjugate that can recognize a specific antigen and promote the prodrug to a citotoxic drug, with a high selectivity for the target cells, and 2) selective gene delivery encoding an enzyme that can promote the prodrug to a citotoxic drug for the target cells. In this article are discussed ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy), GDEPT (gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy), VDEPT (virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy), GPAT (genetic prodrug activation therapy) and PDEPT (polymer-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) approaches, their clinical trials, advantages, disadvantages and perspectives.

Avaliação da resposta à quimioterapia primária em amostra de mulheres brasileiras com tumores de mama localmente avançados

PURPOSE: to evaluate the loco-regional response to primary chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer at stages II and III. METHODS: a retrospective and analytical clinical study carried out in 97 patients with an average age of 52.2 years old, with breast cancer at stages II and III, attended from January 1993 to December 2004, and submitted to 3 to 4 cycles of primary chemotherapy with 5-fl uorouracil - 500 mg/m2, epirubicin - 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide - 500 mg/m2 or doxorubicin - 50 mg/m2 e cyclophosphamide - 500 mg/m2, and then to loco-regional surgical conservative or radical surgical treatment. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to study the association among the variables (age, menopausal state, pre-chemotherapy tumoral volume, axillary condition, stage, therapeutic scheme and number of cycles), while Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the quantitative variables (tumoral volume according to the anatomo-pathological study and the post-chemotherapy clinical tumoral volume. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: there were 56.8% of cases at stage II and 43.2% at stage III. Approximately 50% of the patients received FEC50 and 50% AC. Objective clinical response with primary chemotherapy was obtained in 64.9% of the cases. Full clinical response occurred in 12.3% of patients, while full pathological response occurred in 10.3% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: there was a statistically significant correlation between the number of cycles and the response to primary chemotherapy. Patients who received 4 cycles had better response than those who received 3 cycles. There was also a statistically significant concordance between the evaluation through clinical examination of the response to primary chemotherapy and the pathological findings. No statistically significant correlation was observed concerning age, menopausal status, tumoral volume, and pretreatment of axillary damage.

Modelagem matemática em câncer: dinâmica angiogênica e quimioterapia anti-neoplásica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Quimioterapia à base de ciclofosfamida metronômica no tratamento de pacientes com câncer de próstata resistente à castração

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Alterações de fluxos sanguíneos cerebrais regionais (FSCr) avaliados através de SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) em pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à quimioterapia adjuvante

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Fusão da ressonância nuclear magnética e cintilografia mamária no carcinoma de mama localmente avançado. Análise da correlação entre os exames em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia neoadjuvante

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Estudo pela tomografia computadorizada da infiltração gordurosa hepática em pacientes em uso de quimioterapia para linfoma

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Evolução da expressão de CD45+ e do leucograma de cães linfomatosos durante quimioterapia com o protocolo de Madison-Wisconsin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Intervenções para redução de diarréia em pacientes recebendo quimioterapia para câncer colorretal: revisão sistematica

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Identificação de marcadores moleculares de resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante e associação de radioterapia e quimioterapia em pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide de orofaringe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)