Évaluation de la stabilité de l'ostéotomie de type LeFort I multisegmentaire

Introduction : Cette étude vise à évaluer la stabilité de la chirurgie LeFort I multisegmentaire à moyen (fin du traitement orthodontique) et à long termes dans les trois plans de l'espace (transversal, antéro-postérieur et vertical). Matériel et méthodes : L'échantillon étudié est composé de 31 patients traités en clinique privée, ayant eu une chirurgie LeFort I multisegmentaire en deux, trois ou quatre morceaux, et ayant terminé leur traitement orthodontique. Parmi eux, 17 patients ayant terminé leur traitement orthodontique depuis plus de deux ans (moyenne de trois ans post-traitement) ont permis d'évaluer la stabilité de la procédure chirurgicale à long terme. La collecte des données a été réalisée sur des modèles et des radiographies céphalométriques latérales pris à des temps précis tout au long du traitement orthodontique, ainsi que pendant la période de contention. Concernant l'analyse statistique, des T-tests et des corrélations de Pearson ont été utilisés. Le test de Bland-Altman et le coefficient de corrélation intra-classe ont permis d'analyser les fiabilités intra-examinateur et inter-examinateurs. Résultats : Une récidive transverse significative, mais très faible cliniquement, est constatée aux niveaux prémolaires et molaires entre la chirurgie et la fin du traitement orthodontique. Elle est corrélée avec l’expansion totale réalisée. Cette récidive transverse est non significative suite au traitement orthodontique. Aucune corrélation statistiquement significative n'est mise en évidence entre le nombre de segments et la récidive transverse postchirurgicale. Une variation de certaines mesures antéro-postérieures et verticales statistiquement significative, mais faible cliniquement, est notée entre la chirurgie et la fin du traitement orthodontique (avancement et impaction postérieure). Pour les mesures antéro-postérieures et verticales, aucun changement n'est statistiquement significatif suite au traitement orthodontique. Conclusion : Pour l'échantillon étudié, la stabilité de l'ostéotomie de type LeFort I multisegmentaire est très bonne, dans les trois plans de l'espace étudiés.

Déterminants des choix alimentaires d'athlètes adolescents en période de compétition

Cette étude s’insère dans une étude s’intitulant « Choix alimentaires d’adolescents canadiens et attitudes de leurs entraîneurs impliqués dans des activités sportives organisées ». Les objectifs étaient d’étudier chez des adolescents impliqués dans une compétition sportive provinciale où l’offre alimentaire est contrôlée 1) leur maîtrise des recommandations nutritionnelles 2) les facteurs individuels, comportementaux, socio-environnementaux influençant leurs choix alimentaires. Deux observateurs ont visité les différents sites alimentaires et de compétition pendant les Jeux du Québec de 2011 à Valleyfield. Les plateaux des athlètes ont été photographiés à table au moment des repas avec une caméra numérique et les commentaires oraux colligés par écrit. Au total, 173 photographies ont été analysées et comparées aux recommandations reconnues en nutrition sportive. Dans notre étude, les préférences alimentaires, l’offre alimentaire et la présence des coéquipiers sont les facteurs qui influencent le plus les choix alimentaires en compétition. Par contre, le sexe de l’athlète n’a pas influencé les choix alimentaires des athlètes observés. En pré-compétition, 85,4% des plateaux présentent une valeur énergétique supérieure aux recommandations et 66,3% d’entre eux ont une répartition en énergie inadéquate, peu importe le sexe. Un excès de lipides et de protéines au sein du repas précédant l’effort caractérise majoritairement les plateaux dont la répartition en énergie est non optimale (69,5%). Les recommandations en post-compétition (100%) et lors des jours de repos (95,8%) ont facilement été rencontrées. Il en est de même pour l’hydratation (99,4%). Le lait au chocolat est la boisson la plus populaire (59,5%). Les produits céréaliers (99,4%), le lait et substituts (87,3%), les légumes (85,7%), les viandes et substituts (83,2%), les aliments riches en sucres (79,8%), les fruits (70,5%) et les mets riches en gras (59,4%) sont particulièrement appréciés par les athlètes. Les commentaires recueillis font ressortir une vision dichotomique des aliments chez certains athlètes qui classifient les aliments en « bons » ou « mauvais ». Notre étude démontre que la présence d’une politique alimentaire permet de promouvoir des habitudes alimentaires saines et favorise la consommation d’aliments nutritifs lors d’une compétition sportive d’envergure. Cependant, de l’éducation en nutrition est toujours requise pour viser l’amélioration du comportement alimentaire avant l’effort.

El debate sobre la memoria del conflicto armado en el Perú (1980-2000) : un acercamiento a través de la cultura visual.

À travers d'un regard de la culture visuelle, ce mémoire de maîtrise explorera le débat entourant la mémoire du conflit armé au Pérou (1980-2000), suite à la présentation de l’Informe Final (2003) par la Commission de la vérité et de la réconciliation. Tout d’abord, nous tracerons un portrait des débats qui ont eu lieu dans la sphère politique pour ensuite nous concentrer sur la polémique entourant le Musée de la mémoire et le monument Ojo que llora. Par la suite, nous explorerons la représentation visuelle du conflit à travers l’exposition de photos Yuyanapaq (2004), les films La boca del lobo (1988), La vida es una sola (1993) et Sangre Inocente (2000), en établissant un dialogue avec les études sur la mémoire et la critique académique. Après avoir dressé le tableau des imaginaires visuels du conflit, nous nous attarderons sur l’étape postconflit (2000 à aujourd’hui) pour aborder le débat entourant la postmémoire dans les films Madeinusa (2005) et La teta asustada (2009). Nous croyons que les positions entourant ce débat et la représentation du conflit dans la culture visuelle suggèrent que les mémoires sont toujours en opposition encore aujourd'hui au Pérou. Certaines réaffirment un discours hégémonique, comme l’Informe de Uchuraccay (1983), alors que d’autres s’opposent aux visions totalitaires de la mémoire; pensons notamment à l’émergence d’un nouveau cinéma de région qui implique les populations touchées par la violence dans la production et la projection de ses propres visions du conflit.

Factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad en postoperatorio de fractura de cadera en adulto mayor

Introducción: La fractura de cadera es un evento frecuente con una mortalidad alta a nivel mundial, sin embargo, poco énfasis se hace a los posibles factores de riesgo modificables. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles con el objetivo de identificar factores de riesgo del postoperatorio de fractura de cadera asociados a mortalidad a 90 días. Se revisaron 122 historias clínicas desde enero del 2000 hasta diciembre del 2009 en la Fundación CardioInfantil, 91 historias cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se agruparon en casos y controles: en el primer grupo 18 pacientes que fallecen a los 90 días y, en el segundo grupo 77 pacientes que no fallecen. Se hizo un análisis estadístico mediante chi cuadrado, test de Fisher y regresión logística. Resultados: La mortalidad a 90 días fue del 19%. Las variables asociadas con mortalidad estadísticamente significativas fueron: número de comorbilidades (p=0,027), hemoglobina (p=0,031), delirium pre quirúrgico (OR 6,1 p=0,05). La deambulación al alta mostró ser factor protector (OR 0,15 p=0,003). Las complicaciones que mostraron asociación con mortalidad fueron: infección (OR 27 p=0,01), hemorragia (OR 14 p=0,05), y delirum post quirúrgico (OR 8,2 0,01). Conclusión: Se encontró que la hemoglobina pre quirúrgica, delirium, número de comorbilidades, la no deambulación al alta, la infección post operatoria y la hemorragia post quirúrgica son variables asociadas a mortalidad a los 90 días postoperatorio de fractura de cadera fueron. Es necesario realizar estudios donde se intervengan estas variables y evaluar posibles cambios en la mortalidad

Respuestas de elección durante el contraste negativo sucesivo consumatorio en ratas

En ratas, el cambio de una solución preferida (agua azucarada al 32%) por otra menos preferida (agua azucarada al 4%) produce una caída del consumo por debajo de un grupo control no devaluado, el cual siempre recibe acceso a la solución de valor bajo. Este fenómeno denominado contraste negativo sucesivo consumatorio ocurre incluso cuando la devaluación coincide con cambios en las claves ambientales o gustativas y cuando hay múltiples opciones de respuesta (con el reforzador de valor bajo disponible en varios lugares). En este artículo se presenta un experimento donde un grupo de ratas se entrenó en la fase pre-cambio con una solución preferida con sabor a almendra (32%A) y otro con una menos preferida (4%A). La fase post-cambio se realizó en un contexto distinto y novedoso, donde todos los animales pudieron elegir entre consumir 4% o 4%A. Se observó un efecto de contraste negativo en los animales que experimentaron la devaluación y una preferencia por la solución con el sabor a almendra utilizado durante la fase precambio en los sujetos de ambos grupos.

Listening comprehension: the learners' perspective

This paper reports on the findings of an investigation into the perceptions held by English students aged 16–18 years regarding listening comprehension in French and how they view the reasons behind their success or lack of it in this skill. The study suggests that listening comprehension is the skill in which students in the post-compulsory phase of education feel they have achieved the least success. The main problems highlighted by learners were dealing adequately with the speed of delivery of texts, making out individual words in a stream of spoken French, and making sense of any words identified. Furthermore, most learners attributed their difficulties in listening to their own supposed low ability in the skill and to the difficulty of the listening tasks and texts set, with little awareness shown regarding the role played by ineffective listening strategies or skill application. Suggestions are made for addressing problems regarding how students listen and their attitudes towards listening comprehension.

The cognitive neurochemistry of nicotine

The rational for this review is to provide a coherent formulation of the cognitive neurochemistry of nicotine, with the aim of suggesting research and clinical applications. The first part is a comprehensive review of the empirical studies of the enhancing effects of nicotine on information processing, especially those on attentional and mnemonic processing. Then, these studies are put in the context of recent studies on the neurochemistry of nicotine and cholinergic drugs, in general. They suggest a positive effect of nicotine on processes acting on encoded material during the post acquisition phase, the process of consolidation. Thus, the involvement of nicotinic receptors in mnemonic processing is modulation of the excitability of neurons in the hippocampal formation to enable associative processing.

Semi-automatic knowledge extraction, representation and context-sensitive intelligent retrieval of video content using collateral context modelling with scalable ontological networks

Automatic indexing and retrieval of digital data poses major challenges. The main problem arises from the ever increasing mass of digital media and the lack of efficient methods for indexing and retrieval of such data based on the semantic content rather than keywords. To enable intelligent web interactions, or even web filtering, we need to be capable of interpreting the information base in an intelligent manner. For a number of years research has been ongoing in the field of ontological engineering with the aim of using ontologies to add such (meta) knowledge to information. In this paper, we describe the architecture of a system (Dynamic REtrieval Analysis and semantic metadata Management (DREAM)) designed to automatically and intelligently index huge repositories of special effects video clips, based on their semantic content, using a network of scalable ontologies to enable intelligent retrieval. The DREAM Demonstrator has been evaluated as deployed in the film post-production phase to support the process of storage, indexing and retrieval of large data sets of special effects video clips as an exemplar application domain. This paper provides its performance and usability results and highlights the scope for future enhancements of the DREAM architecture which has proven successful in its first and possibly most challenging proving ground, namely film production, where it is already in routine use within our test bed Partners' creative processes. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Fingerprint recognition system using hybrid matching techniques

With an increasing emphasis on the emerging automatic person identification application, biometrics based, especially fingerprint-based identification, is receiving a lot of attention. This research developed an automatic fingerprint recognition system (AFRS) based on a hybrid between minutiae and correlation based techniques to represent and to match fingerprint; it improved each technique individually. It was noticed that, in the hybrid approach, as a result of an improvement of minutiae extraction algorithm in post-process phase that combines the two algorithms, the performance of the minutia algorithm improved. An improvement in the ridge algorithm that used centre point in fingerprint instead of reference point was also observed. Experiments indicate that the hybrid technique performs much better than each algorithm individually.

Measuring expectations: forecast vs. ideal expectations. Does it really matter?

Consumer’s participation in service delivery is so central to cognition that it affects consumer’s quality evaluations. The study presented in this paper investigates the ways that visitor expectations change as a result of first hand experience with a service in the context of a major art exhibition. The research design allowed for two operational definitions of expectations, namely forecast and ideal expectations, in order to investigate differences between respondents’ pre and post experiences with a service. A total of 550 respondent visitors were interviewed during a major art exhibition, using two questionnaires delivered to two sub samples of respondents. The primary questionnaire was designed to capture recalled expectations after visitation while the parallel questionnaire captured forecast expectations prior to visitation and perceptions in the post experience phase. The findings suggest that forecast expectations were different to ideal expectations in both qualitative and quantitative ways and that these differences had important implications for perceptions of service quality. These differences can be explained, at least in part, by the way that expectations are formed and by the way that expectations are shaped by the actual visitation experience. For market researchers, the question of when and how to measure expectations has important implications for research design.

Correlates of screening mammography for Italian and Anglo-Australian women

The first aim of the research was to determine the applicability of certain variables from the Health Belief Model (HBM), the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the risk dimensions from the Psychometric Paradigm, the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations and the Locus of Control to Italian women’s beliefs and behaviours in relation to screening mammography. These models have predominantly been derived and evaluated with English-speaking persons. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods to enable explanation of research-driven and participant-driven issues. The second aim was to include Italian women in health behaviour research and to contrast the Italian sample with the Anglo-Australian sample to determine if differences exist in relation to their beliefs. In Australia many studies in health behaviour research do not include women whose first language is not English. The third aim was to evaluate the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria’s (ACCV) Community Language Program (CLP) by: (a) identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the program as seen by the participants; and (b) assessing the impact of the program on women’s knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer, early detection of breast cancer, self-reported and intended breast screening behaviours. The CLP is an information service that uses women’s first language to convey information to women whose first language is not English. The CLP was designed to increase knowledge about breast and cervical cancer. The research used a pre-test-intervention-post-test design with 174 Italian-born and 138 Anglo-Australian women aged 40 years and over. Interviews for the Italian sample were conducted in Italian. The intervention was an information session that related to breast health and screening mammography. Demographic variables were collected in the Pre-Test only. Qualitative open-ended questions that related specifically to the information session were collected in the Post-Test phase of the study. Direct logistic regression was used with the participants’ beliefs and behaviours to identify the relevant variables for language (Italian speaking and English-speaking), attendance to an information session, mammography screening and breast self-examination (BSE) behaviour. Pre- and Post-Test comparisons were conducted using chi-square tests for the non-parametric data and paired sample t-tests for the parametric data. Differences were found between the Italian and Anglo-Australian women in relation to their beliefs about breast cancer screening. The Italian women were: (1) more likely to state that medical experts understood the causes of breast cancer; (2) more likely to feel that they had less control over their personal risk of getting breast cancer; (3) more likely to be upset and frightened by thinking about breast cancer; (4) less likely to perceive breast cancer as serious; (4) more likely to only do what their doctor told them to do; and (5) less likely to agree that there were times when a person has cancer and they don’t know it. A pattern emerged for the Italian and Anglo-Australian women from the logistic regression analyses. The Italian women were much more likely to comply with medical authority and advice. The Anglo-Australian women were more likely to feel that they had some control over their health. Specifically, the risk variable ‘dread’ was more applicable to the Italian women’s behaviour and internal locus of control variable was more relevant to the Anglo-Australian women. The qualitative responses also differed for the two samples. The Italian women’s comments were more general, less specific, and more limited than that of the Anglo-Australian women. The Italian women talked about learning how to do BSE whereas the Anglo-Australian women said that attending the session had reminded them to do BSE more regularly. The key findings and contributions of the present research were numerous. The focus on one cultural group ensured comprehensive analyses, as did the inclusion of an adequate sample size to enable the use of multivariate statistics. Separating the Italian and Anglo-Australian samples in the analyses provided theoretical implications that would have been overlooked if the two groups were combined. The use of both qualitative and quantitative data capitalised on the strengths of both techniques. The inclusion of an Anglo-Australian group highlighted key theoretical findings, differences between the two groups and unique contributions made by both samples during the collection of the qualitative data. The use of a pre-test-intervention-post-test design emphasised the reticence of the Italian sample to participate and talk about breast cancer and confirmed and validated the consistency of the responses across the two interviews for both samples. The inclusion of non-cued responses allowed the researcher to identify the key salient issues relevant to the two groups. The limitations of the present research were the lack of many women who were not screening and reliance on self-report responses, although few differences were observed between the Pre- and Post-Test comparisons. The theoretical contribution of the HBM and the TRA variables was minimal in relation to screening mammography or attendance at the CLP. The applicability of these health behaviour theories may be less relevant for women today as they clearly knew the benefits of and the seriousness of breast cancer screening. The present research identified the applicability of the risk variables to the Italian women and the relevance of the locus of control variables to the Anglo-Australian women. Thus, clear cultural differences occurred between the two groups. The inclusion of the illness representations was advantageous as the responses highlighted ideas and personal theories salient to the women not identified by the HBM. The use of the illness representations and the qualitative responses further confirmed the relevance of the risk variables to the Italian women and the locus of control variables to the Anglo-Australian women. Attendance at the CLP did not influence the women to attend for mammography screening. Behavioural changes did not occur between the Pre- and Post-Test interviews. Small incremental changes as defined by the TTM and the stages of change may have occurred. Key practical implications for the CLP were identified. Improving the recruitment methods to gain a higher proportion of women who do not screen is imperative for the CLP promoters. The majority of the Italian and Anglo-Australian women who attended the information sessions were women who screen. The fact that Italian women do not like talking or thinking about cancer presents a challenge to promoters of the CLP. The key theoretical finding that Italian women dread breast cancer but comply with their doctor provides clear strategies to improve attendance at mammography screening. In addition, the inclusion of lay health advisors may be one way of increasing attendance to the CLP by including Italian women already attending screening and likely to have attended a CLP session. The present research identified the key finding that improving Anglo-Australian attendance at an information session is related to debunking the myth surrounding familial risk of breast cancer and encouraging the Anglo-Australian women to take more control of their health. Improving attendance for Italian women is related to reducing the fear and dread of breast cancer and building on the compliance pattern with medical authority. Therefore, providing an information session in the target language is insufficient to attract non-screeners to the session and then to screen for breast cancer. Suggestions for future research in relation to screening mammography were to include variables from more than one theory or model, namely the risk, locus of control and illness representations. The inclusion of non-cued responses to identify salient beliefs is advantageous. In addition, it is imperative to describe the profile of the cultural sample in detail, include detailed descriptions of the translation process and be aware of the tendency of Italian women to acquiesce with medical authority.

Understanding quality and equity of schooling in Scotland : locating educational traditions globally

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the OECD’s (2007) national report on Scottish education, Quality and equity of schooling in Scotland, while also briefly considering the Scottish government’s Diagnostic Report, prepared for the review. The national report is situated against Scottish traditions of schooling, particularly the view that access to academic curricula for all is a democratic and egalitarian approach, and also set against the changing role of the OECD. On the latter, the paper argues that the OECD, in the context of globalisation, has become more of a policy actor in its own right, in addition to its more traditional think-tank function. The OECD is a now significant transnational policy actor in education, contributing to the emergent global education policy field. The overarching argument proffered is that debates provoked by the OECD’s report, for example the David Raffe/Richard Teese exchange in the Scottish Educational Review, 40(1), 2008, stem from tensions between the new supranational expression of political and policy authority as articulated in the OECD’s report and that located more traditionally within the nation. The academic curricula for all, the Scottish tradition, is challenged by the OECD report, which supports more diverse curricula provision, including more vocational education in schools, particularly at the post-compulsory phase. We note, drawing on theoretical and empirical insights of Bourdieu, that the success of the former demands pedagogies which scaffold for those students not possessing the requisite cultural capitals for success with academic curricula, while the latter demands a strategic effort to ensure parity of esteem between different curricular provisions.

Jaisa Desh, Waisa Vesh? Exploratory notes on the representations of adivasis in popular Hindi cinema

This paper seeks to discuss specific examples of Adivasi representation in Indian cinema, particularly popular Hindi cinema or ‘Bollywood’ (as opposed to ‘art’ or ‘parallel’ cinema). This choice of popular Hindi cinema is an attempt to explore the ways in which it has distilled and codified the representations of ‘other’ groups for a mass audience. Popular Hindi films have an unmatched circulation and pre-eminence (Prasad, 1998) in India, making the impact of their representations important to consider. Commercial interests of popular Hindi films are paramount, their producers and directors are generally from the upper castes and classes of Indian society. In the push for commercial interests and popular storylines, adequate representations of Adivasis, and as scholars (Vasudev & Lenglet, 1983; Bagchi, 1996; Subramanyam, 1996; Gopalan, 2000; Vridi, 2003) have pointed out women and other social groups, remain stereotypical. Mainstream Hindi cinema, even in its post-colonial phase, has not provided images of various cultural groups in India which reflect their lived reality. It is this cinematic marginalisation and cultural stereotyping, which will be explored further. This paper is a preliminary exploration and will look at particular examples of representation in Hindi films, including Naagin (1954), Ajantrik (1957), Madhumati (1958), Yeh Gulistan Hamara (1972), Lal Salaam (2002), and Chak De! (2007). It is aimed that this exploration will provide a foundation for further research into representations in Hindi cinema and the wider discourses of power, politics and inequality in Indian society.

Nurses' perceptions of using an evidence-based care bundle for initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A qualitative study.

Evidence to guide initial emergency nursing care of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Thailand is currently not available in a useable form. A care bundle was used to summarise an evidence-based approach to the initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe TBI and was implemented in one Thai emergency department. The aim of this study was to describe Thai emergency nurses' perceptions of care bundle use. A descriptive qualitative study was used to describe emergency nurses' perceptions of care bundle use during the implementation phase (Phase-One) and then post-implementation (Phase-Two). Ten emergency nurses participated in Phase-One, while 12 nurses participated in Phase-Two. In Phase-One, there were five important factors identified in relation to use of the care bundle including quality of care, competing priorities, inadequate equipment, agitated patients, and teamwork. In Phase Two, participants perceived that using the care bundle helped them to improve quality of care, increased nurses' knowledge, skills, and confidence. Care bundles are one strategy to increase integration of research evidence into clinical practice and facilitate healthcare providers to deliver optimal patient care in busy environments with limited resources.

Examining the perception of tenants in sustainable office buildings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address two major challenges faced by sustainable building owners: first, address the gap between an occupant’s expectations of sustainable building outcomes and what the building actually provides and second, overcome the lack of user knowledge about sustainability design and operation for a particular with regards to performance. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a focus group approach to investigate the gap between: user expectations and sustainable building performance. The study surveyed occupants of sustainable office buildings in Melbourne, Australia. Findings – There is no significant relationship between users’ expectations and users’ experience of sustainable building performance and users’ knowledge about sustainability and the building they were worked in. Research limitations/implications – The research was limited to sustainable office buildings. New office buildings seeking to incorporate sustainability which need to focus on the needs of tenants in order to maximise value. Practical implications – There is an urgent need to ensure sustainable office buildings meet the needs of present and future occupiers without compromising short and long-term occupier satisfaction levels with regards to sustainability and operation of the building. Social implications – Increasing the level of sustainability in office buildings has been a major trend over the past decade however the tenants need to be consulted in the post-occupancy phase. Originality/value – Little attention has been given in the property management literature to sustainable office buildings and value drivers. This is an original and innovative study, partly due to the recent developments in sustainable buildings.