Processos cognitivos que operam na configuração de narrativas: uma pesquisa exploratória dos fenômenos que subjazem à compreensão de textos

This paper investigates the cognitive processes that operate in understanding narratives in this case, the novel Macunaíma, by Mário de Andrade. Our work belongs to the field of Embodied-based Cognitive Linguistics and, due to its interdisciplinary nature, it dialogues with theoretical and methodological frameworks of Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Psychology and Neurosciences. Therefore, we adopt an exploratory research design, recall and cloze tests, adapted, with postgraduation students, all native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The choice of Macunaíma as the novel and initial motivation for this proposal is due to the fact it is a fantastic narrative, which consists of events, circumstances and characters that are clearly distant types from what is experienced in everyday life. Thus, the novel provides adequate data to investigate the configuration of meaning, within an understanding-based model. We, therefore, seek, to answer questions that are still, generally, scarcely explored in the field of Cognitive Linguistics, such as to what extent is the activation of mental models (schemas and frames) related to the process of understanding narratives? How are we able to build sense even when words or phrases are not part of our linguistic repertoire? Why do we get emotionally involved when reading a text, even though it is fiction? To answer them, we assume the theoretical stance that meaning is not in the text, it is constructed through language, conceived as a result of the integration between the biological (which results in creating abstract imagery schemes) and the sociocultural (resulting in creating frames) apparatus. In this sense, perception, cognitive processing, reception and transmission of the information described are directly related to how language comprehension occurs. We believe that the results found in our study may contribute to the cognitive studies of language and to the development of language learning and teaching methodologies

A formação em Química discutida com base nos modelos proposto por estudantes de pós-graduação para o fenômeno de dissolução

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Educação em engenharia: estudo de metodologias pedagógicas e desenvolvimento de um software aplicado ao ensino de estabilidade de sistemas de energia elétrica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Usabilidade na web: o usuário como agente-facilitador no desenvolvimento de interfaces de home pages

Pós-graduação em Design - FAAC

Ecologia, educação ambiental, ambiente e meio ambiente: modelos conceituais e representações mentais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Gestão do comportamento informacional apoiada na cultura organizacional e em modelos mentais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Planejamento de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem baseado em interfaces dinâmicas e uma aplicação ao estudo de potência elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Efficient team actions: Outline of a theory of teams in sport

So far, social psychology in sport has preliminary focused on team cohesion, and many studies and meta analyses tried to demonstrate a relation between cohesiveness of a team and it's performance. How a team really co-operates and how the individual actions are integrated towards a team action is a question that has received relatively little attention in research. This may, at least in part, be due to a lack of a theoretical framework for collective actions, a dearth that has only recently begun to challenge sport psychologists. In this presentation a framework for a comprehensive theory of teams in sport is outlined and its potential to integrate the following presentations is put up for discussion. Based on a model developed by von Cranach, Ochsenbein and Valach (1986), teams are information processing organisms, and team actions need to be investigated on two levels: the individual team member and the group as an entity. Elements to be considered are the task, the social structure, the information processing structure and the execution structure. Obviously, different task require different social structures, communication and co-ordination. From a cognitivist point of view, internal representations (or mental models) guide the behaviour mainly in situations requiring quick reactions and adaptations, were deliberate or contingency planning are difficult. In sport teams, the collective representation contains the elements of the team situation, that is team task and team members, and of the team processes, that is communication and co-operation. Different meta-perspectives may be distinguished and bear a potential to explain the actions of efficient teams. Cranach, M. von, Ochsenbein, G., & Valach, L. (1986).The group as a self-active system: Outline of a theory of group action. European Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 193-229.

The effect of figures in CCS communication

Illustrations are an essential part of most CCS communication materials. This article looks at the role of illustrations in communication and education in general, and in CCS communication in particular. First, literature on multimedia learning is reviewed and general guidelines for designing graphical displays deduced. This is followed by a discussion of relevant mental models and their possible implementa- tion in pictorial form. The authors then report on an interview study in which illustrations with various implementations of CCS mental models are compared. No major differences were found regarding under- standing of CCS between the different illustrations. Graphical displays alone are not powerful enough to implicitly correct typical misconceptions about CCS. Such misconceptions should be stated explicitly, along with their correction.

Cognitive Differences in Chart Reading: A Comparison of Nurses and Physicians

This pilot study compares the mental models of a patient constructed by nurses and physicians while reading an electronic medical record. Preliminary results suggest that the participants' summaries were both quantitatively and qualitatively different. The physician made more inferences and focused on deeper relationships in the record, whereas the nurse focused on the descriptive surface structure of the record.

A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences

In order to bridge interdisciplinary differences in Presence research and to establish connections between Presence and “older” concepts of psychology and communication, a theoretical model of the formation of Spatial Presence is proposed. It is applicable to the exposure to different media and intended to unify the existing efforts to develop a theory of Presence. The model includes assumptions about attention allocation, mental models, and involvement, and considers the role of media factors and user characteristics as well, thus incorporating much previous work. It is argued that a commonly accepted model of Spatial Presence is the only solution to secure further progress within the international, interdisciplinary and multiple-paradigm community of Presence research.

The Strategic Role of the Sales Force: Perceptions of Senior Sales Executives

Current models of sales force strategy imply formidable information processing demands, which leads us to take a cognitive approach to studying the issue of sales force strategy. We focus on how top-level executives use mental models of sales force performance to simplify the issue of sales force strategy. We interviewed 74 senior executives responsible for their firms’ selling function using the repertory grid approach, as this methodology has been shown to be particularly effective at uncovering the collective cognitive maps on which executives’ decisions and behaviors are based. Executives identified a broad set of 37 strategic concepts that they felt distinguish the sales force efforts of directly competing companies. A second set of sales executives classified the 37 concepts into capabilities, resources, and organizational context concepts. Based on the classification results and feedback from both sets of executives, we developed research propositions for examining sales force strategy and provide directions for future research.

Científicos y políticas públicas : la incidencia de una red en el tratamiento de una Ley de Ordenamiento Territorial

Nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo aplicar conceptos de la teoría de los sistemas complejos y herramientas del análisis de redes sociales para describir y analizar el surgimiento y la evolución de una red social conformada por científicos, docentes, graduados y funcionarios públicos de diferentes organismos científicos y académicos, que crearon y participaron de un equipo multidisciplinario que elaboró un informe sobre un proyecto de ley de Ordenamiento Territorial y Usos del Suelo de la provincia de Mendoza en el año 2006. Para la compresión de la evolución del proceso de elaboración del proyecto de ley de ordenamiento territorial y de usos del suelo, organizaremos la estructura del trabajo de la siguiente manera: - Primero aplicaremos aspectos teóricos y metodológicos, basados en la sistematización realizada por Rolando García en su libro “Sistemas Complejos. Conceptos, método y fundamentación epistemológica de la investigación interdisciplinaria", para realizar el recorte del sistema objeto de estudio. - En segundo lugar utilizaremos la Teoría de Análisis de Redes Sociales para describir la composición y estructura del sistema (nodos y vínculos) en cada momento. La estructura del sistema en cada momento significativo será graficada por medio el Software Ucinet 6 y NetDraw. - Por último, haremos referencia a las dificultades que tuvo el proceso desde el punto de vista de las condicionalidades que generaban los modelos mentales que portaban los participantes.

Percepción de variabilidad climática, uso de información y estrategias de los agentes frente al riesgo. Análisis de esquemas decisionales en agricultores de la región pampeana argentina

Este artículo indaga acerca de qué elementos de análisis están presentes en las estrategias de los agricultores de las pampas argentinas a la hora de tomar decisiones de producción considerando el factor climático. El énfasis está puesto en cómo perciben la variabilidad climática y qué información manejan acerca de sus perspectivas a mediano plazo. Durante 2005 se entrevistaron a 60 productores, seleccionados de dos zonas pampeanas de diferentes características físicas. 30 personas correspondieron al área central húmeda y 30 personas a un área marginal semiárida. Los resultados del estudio apuntan a caracterizar los esquemas decisionales presentes en las percepciones de los individuos, teniendo en cuenta que su actividad supone una exposición al riesgo. El objetivo de fondo del trabajo de investigación es proponer acciones de comunicación que ayuden a un mejor uso de la información climática, considerando que se trata de una herramienta disponible con gran potencial para dar un soporte más científico a los procedimientos de los agentes productivos y mejorar su rentabilidad económica.

Percepción de variabilidad climática, uso de información y estrategias de los agentes frente al riesgo. Análisis de esquemas decisionales en agricultores de la región pampeana argentina

Este artículo indaga acerca de qué elementos de análisis están presentes en las estrategias de los agricultores de las pampas argentinas a la hora de tomar decisiones de producción considerando el factor climático. El énfasis está puesto en cómo perciben la variabilidad climática y qué información manejan acerca de sus perspectivas a mediano plazo. Durante 2005 se entrevistaron a 60 productores, seleccionados de dos zonas pampeanas de diferentes características físicas. 30 personas correspondieron al área central húmeda y 30 personas a un área marginal semiárida. Los resultados del estudio apuntan a caracterizar los esquemas decisionales presentes en las percepciones de los individuos, teniendo en cuenta que su actividad supone una exposición al riesgo. El objetivo de fondo del trabajo de investigación es proponer acciones de comunicación que ayuden a un mejor uso de la información climática, considerando que se trata de una herramienta disponible con gran potencial para dar un soporte más científico a los procedimientos de los agentes productivos y mejorar su rentabilidad económica.