Ontogeny of IgM-producing cells in the mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi identified by in situ hybridisation

The ontogeny of IgM-producing cells was studied in juvenile mandarin fish Simperca chuatsi, an important fish in China's aquaculture sector. The IgM-producing cells were localised through in situ hybridisation with a probe complementary to the Ig mu-chain in lymphoid-related tissues, including head kidney, spleen, thymus, intestine and gills. In head kidney, transcripts of Ig mu were first detected at 20 days post-hatching (dph) with a few positive signals. and the number of IgM-producing cells increased obviously from 39 dph onwards. At 136 dph, a large amount of positive cells were observed in the entire organ with clusters of these cells located around the blood vessels. In spleen, IgM-producing cells were found from 26 dph onwards, followed by an increase until 67 dph: clusters of positive cells were also detected around blood vessels at 102 dph. In thymus, IgM-producing cells were first observed at 39 dph; thereafter, no obvious increase was detected until 78 dph. The positive cells in thymus were distributed mainly in the outer zone of thymus. A few IgM-producing cells were still observed in thymus of 1-year-old mandarin fish. IgM-producing cells were not detected in the intestine until 87 dph, with several discrete positively stained cells distributed in the lamina propria. IgM-producing cells, scattered mainly in primary gill filaments around blood vessels, were detected in gills from 90 dph. As in other teleosts, these results indicated that the head kidney appears to be the primary organ for IgM production in mandarin fish, and IgM-producing cells exist in all organs examined in the present study, implying their lymphoid role in fish. In addition, it is suggested that vaccination after 20 dph may be much more effective in mandarin fish. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The ontogeny of echolocation in a Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)

Acoustic and concurrent behavioral data from one neonatal male Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) in captivity were presented. The calf click train was first recorded at 22 days postnatal, and the frequency of hydrophone-exploration behavior with head scanning motions in conjunction with emissions of click trains by the calf increased gradually with age. The echolocation clicks in the first recorded click train were indistinguishable from those of adults. Calf echolocation trains were found to decrease in maximum click-repetition rate, duration, and number of clicks per train with age while the. minimum click-repetition rate remained more consistent. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America.

Early ontogeny of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda and effects of delayed first feeding on larvae

Development of embryos and larvae in Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih et Woo (1964) and effects of delayed first feeding on larvae were observed after artificial fertilization. The fertilized eggs were incubated at an average temperature of 26.5 degrees C (range: 25.7-27) and the larvae reared at temperatures ranging from 21.8 to 28 degrees C. First cleavage was at 50 min, epiboly began at 7 h 5 min, heartbeat reached 72 per min at 24 h 40 min and hatching occurred at 43 h 15 min after insemination. Mean total length of newly hatched larvae was 4.04 +/- 0.03 mm (n = 15). A one-chambered gas bladder was observed at 70 h 50 min, two chambers occurred at 15 days, and scales appeared approximately 30 days after hatching. Larvae began to feed exogenously at day 4 post-hatch at an average temperature of 24 degrees C. Food deprivation resulted in a progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle fibres, deterioration of the larval digestive system and cessation of organ differentiation. Larval growth under food deprivation was significantly affected by the time of first exogenous feeding. Starved larvae began to shrink, with negative growth from day 6 post-hatch. The point of no return (PNR) was reached at day 11 after hatching. Mortality of starved larvae increased sharply from day 12 after hatching.

Mancha foliar bacteriana em plantios de eucalipto na região Sul do Brasil.

2011

Adubação foliar da cultura do milho utilizando fertilizantes multinutrientes.

2006

Cultivo do milho: diagnose foliar do estado nutricional da planta.

2002

Reação de cultivares de milho a mancha foliar causada por Stenocarpella macrospora.

2006

Diagnose foliar.

2003

Controle genético da resistência do sorgo à antragnose foliar (Colletotrichum sublineolum).

2008

Anatomia foliar nos sucessivos ciclos de seleção do milho Saracura sob alagamento intermitente do solo.

No Brasil, as planícies de inundação ou áreas de várzeas trazem restrições à produtividade de milho. Por esse motivo, a Embrapa Milho e Sorgo desenvolveu, por meio da seleção recorrente fenotípica estratificada, uma variedade de milho conhecida como Saracura - BRS 4154, com capacidade de sobreviver e produzir em períodos temporários de alagamento do solo. Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de conhecer a plasticidade foliar adquirida pelo efeito dos sucessivos ciclos de seleção do milho BRS 4154 - Saracura sob alagamento intermitente do solo em condições de campo. O alagamento do solo iniciou-se no estádio de seis folhas, com a aplicação de uma lâmina de 20 cm de água três vezes por semana. No florescimento, amostras de folhas foram retiradas e fixadas, realizando-se secções paradérmicas e transversais para observação em microscópio fotônico. Foram observados, ao longo dos ciclos de seleção, modificações no número e tamanho dos estômatos, maior quantidade de feixes vasculares, metaxilema menores, diminuição da cutícula e da epiderme, diminuição no número e tamanho das células buliformes, aumento da espessura do floema, menor área de esclerênquima e diminuição da distância entre os feixes no limbo foliar. Os sucessivos ciclos de seleção do milho Saracura, portanto, levaram a mudanças na plasticidade foliar, as quais favorecem sua tolerância ao alagamento intermitente do solo.

Quantificação dos horizontes húmicos e dinâmica da decomposição de material foliar em solos florestais.

Estudos sobre o balanço entre o carbono estocado na biomassa e o perdido por meio da ecomposição, visando a quantificacão do acúmulo líquido de carbono de um sistema florestal.