99 resultados para fipronil


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In this study were carried out toxicity tests and the evaluation of sub lethal effects of the insecticides malathion and fipronil, over the test system of Girardia tigrina, using for these analyses a great variety of methods. For evaluation of the lethal concentrations of the products, adult planarians were exposed to several different concentrations. All the tests were carried out in duplicate, maintained on the shelter of the light, on a temperature 24-26ºC and they had the duration of 96h, with observations at each 24h. The results were statically valued by the tests U of Mann- Whitney, Spearman-Karber, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The effects over the system-test, in the different tested concentrations, varied in accordance with the time of exposition. The EC50 given by the test of Spearman-Karber was of 12,5mg/L for malathion and 13,4mg/L for fipronil. The evaluation of sub lethal effects was composed by analyses of the potential of regeneration; histological, for tissue damage evaluation; d; and the “comet assay”, for DNA damage detection. The specimens split up and exposed to the insecticides demonstrated, between other effects, retardation in development of the regenerative blastema. The histological evaluation has shown that exposed planarians to lower concentrations of the insecticides cause more significant damage against the tissues and some specific cell types. Through the comet assay, significant damages were noticed in the DNA in all the treatments, when compared with the control group. Such damages may result in reproduction and immunity alterations, which reduce the competitive efficiency and, consequently, the survival chances of these organisms.

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O fipronil, ingrediente ativo do acaricida Frontiline®, é um derivado fenil-pirazólico e sua eficácia na eliminação de diversas pragas, mesmo em baixas concentrações, já foi demonstrada, porém, sua atuação sobre os organismos não alvos, ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses do fipronil sobre o fígado de camundongos. Os resultados mostraram que os animais expostos ao fipronil apresentaram alterações ultraestruturais significativas no tecido e nas células hepáticas com evidente desorganização celular e citoplasmática dos hepatócitos, com aumento do número de organelas, principalmente mitocôndrias e retículo endoplasmático rugoso, organelas que, no caso dos indivíduos expostos, foram provavelmente responsáveis pela síntese de enzimas inativadoras do produto tóxico. Houve acúmulo de lipídeos no citoplasma dos hepatócitos (esteatose) além de extensas áreas vacuolizadas, principalmente em regiões próximas ao núcleo. As alterações observadas no núcleo dos hepatócitos sugeriram a ocorrência de processos de morte celular. As células de Kupffer aumentaram em número o que sugerindo aumento de processos fagocitários nos fígados dos animais expostos

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O presente estudo analisou os efeitos da substância química fipronil, ingrediente ativo do Frontline® (acaricida e inseticida), nas glândulas salivares de fêmeas em jejum e semi-ingurgitadas de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus. As fêmeas em jejum foram expostas apenas à concentração de 1ppm do composto e as semi-ingurgitadas foram expostas a três concentrações de 1ppm, 5ppm e 10ppm (foi utilizada água destilada como controle). Os resultados histológicos e histoquímicos revelaram ação significativa desse composto, alterando morfofisiologicamente o tecido glandular dos indivíduos em jejum e semiingurgitados. Nas fêmeas em jejum, verificaram-se mudanças morfológicas nos ácinos do tipo I, como aumento do tamanho e do diâmetro do seu lúmen. Estas mudanças, provavelmente, estejam relacionadas à função excretora, apontando para os ácinos I como sendo os responsáveis pela eliminação do sistema deste xenobiótico ao qual o parasita foi exposto. Naquelas semi-ingurgitadas, o composto não interferiu no processo de morte que, nestes indivíduos, é por meio de apoptose. Nas fêmeas semi, no entanto, o fipronil acelerou o processo de degeneração das glândulas salivares, que se intensificou (danos mais acentuados) à medida que aumentaram as concentrações do produto. Os dados aqui apresentados deixaram clara a interferência dessa substância no processo de ingurgitamento das fêmeas de R. sanguineus, o que conseqüentemente poderia refletir no seu processo reprodutivo, diminuindo ou mesmo cessando a postura de ovos e provocando menores perdas de sangue nos hospedeiros, reduzindo assim, a transmissão de patógenos veiculados por estas glândulas.

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Compounds released into the environment can induce genetic alterations in living organisms. A group of chemicals that shows proven toxicity is the pesticides, and the insecticides are the most harmful. The insecticides of the family phenylpyrazole have wide application both in agriculture and in homes. Fipronil, an insecticide of this chemical group, is widely used in various cultures and in homes, mainly for fighting fleas and ticks on dogs and cats. The use of fipronil may represent a risk to man and the environmental health, since this pesticide can potentially induce cell death, regardless of cell type. Fipronil, when in contact with the environment, can undergo various degradation processes, including photodegradation. The toxic effect of one of its metabolites derived from photodegradation, sulfone-fipronil, is approximately 20 fold as great as fipronil itself. The A. cepa test system was used to evaluate cytotoxic, genotoxicity and mutagenic effects of fipronil before and after phptodegradation. Seeds of Allium cepa were subjected to solutions of fipronil, pre-exposed or not exposed to degradation by sunlight. The germination tests were conducted both under the effect of light and in the dark. We evaluated the cumulative potential of this insecticide using 48 and 72-hours recovery tests. The results showed that when fipronil was previously exposed to the sun, it presented a greater genotoxic and mutagenic potential, showing that the metabolites formed by photodegradation can show more harmfull effects

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fipronil is an insecticide extensively used to control pests in crops and animals. There are relates of poisoning due to exposure of fipronil in mammals and the liver has been suggested as potential target. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fipronil and its metabolites sulfone and desulfinyl on the bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium efflux from mitochondria isolated from rat liver. Fipronil (5-25 μM) inhibited state-3 respiration in mitochondria energized with glutamate plus malate, substrates of complex I of the respiratory chain and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in inhibition of ATP synthesis. Fipronil also caused uncoupling in succinate-energized mitochondria and calcium efflux. The metabolites sulfone and desulfinyl also acted as mitochondrial inhibitors and uncouplers and caused calcium efflux, but with different potencies, being the sulfone the more potent one. These effects of fipronil and its metabolites on mitochondrial bioenergetics and calcium homeostasis may be related to toxic effects of the insecticide in the liver.

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A method for the identification and quantification of pesticide residues in water, soil, and sediment samples has been developed, validated, and applied for the analysis of real samples. The specificity was determined by the retention time and the confirmation and quantification of analyte ions. Linearity was demonstrated over the concentration range of 20 to 120 µg L(-1), and the correlation coefficients varied between 0.979 and 0.996, depending on the analytes. The recovery rates for all analytes in the studied matrix were between 86% and 112%. The intermediate precision and repeatability were determined at three concentration levels (40, 80, and 120 µg L(-1)), with the relative standard deviation for the intermediate precision between 1% and 5.3% and the repeatability varying between 2% and 13.4% for individual analytes. The limits of detection and quantification for fipronil, fipronil sulfide, fipronil-sulfone, and fipronil-desulfinyl were 6.2, 3.0, 6.6, and 4.0 ng L(-1) and 20.4, 9.0, 21.6, and 13.0 ng L(-1), respectively. The method developed was used in water, soil, and sediment samples containing 2.1 mg L(-1) and 1.2% and 5.3% of carbon, respectively. The recovery of pesticides in the environmental matrices varied from 88.26 to 109.63% for the lowest fortification level (40 and 100 µg kg(-1)), from 91.17 to 110.18% for the intermediate level (80 and 200 µg kg(-1)), and from 89.09 to 109.82% for the highest fortification level (120 and 300 µg kg(-1)). The relative standard deviation for the recovery of pesticides was under 15%.

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Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS