Reality status evaluations in mediated experiences /

This paper explores the cognitive functions of the Reality Status Evaluation (RSE) system in our experiences of narrative mediated messages (NMM) (fictional, narrative, audio-visual one-way input and moving picture messages), such as fictional TV programs and films. We regard reality in mediated experiences as a special mental and emotional construction and a multi-dimensional concept. We argue that viewers' reality sense in NMM is influenced by many factors with "real - on" as the default value. Some of these factors function as primary mental processes, including the content realism factors of those messages such as Factuality (F), Social Realism (SR), Life Relevance (LR), and Perceptual Realism - involvement (PR), which would have direct impacts on reality evaluations. Other factors, such as Narrative Meaning (NM), Emotional Responses, and personality trait Absorption (AB), will influence the reality evaluations directly or through the mediations of these main dimensions. I designed a questionnaire to study this theoretical construction. I developed items to form scales and sub-scales measuring viewers' subjective experiences of reality evaluations and these factors. Pertinent statistical techniques, such as internal consistency and factorial analysis, were employed to make revisions and improve the quality of the questionnaire. In the formal experiment, after viewing two short films, which were selected as high or low narrative structure messages from previous experiments, participants were required to answer the questionnaire, Absorption questionnaire, and SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin, measuring immediate emotional responses). Results were analyzed using the EQS, structural equation modeling (SEM), and discussed in terms oflatent relations among these subjective factors in mediated experience. The present results supported most of my theoretical hypotheses. In NMM, three main jactors, or dimensions, could be extracted in viewers' subjective reality evaluations: Social Realism (combining with Factuality), Life Relevance and Perceptual Realism. I designed two ways to assess viewers' understanding of na"ative meanings in mediated messages, questionnaire (NM-Q) and rating (NM-R) measurement, and its significant influences on reality evaluations was supported in the final EQS models. Particularly in high story stnlcture messages, the effect of Narrative Meaning (NM) can rarely be explained by only these dimensions of reality evaluations. Also, Empathy seems to playa more important role in RSE of low story structure messages. Also, I focused on two other factors that were pertinent to RSE in NMM, the personality trait Absorption, and Emotional Responses (including two dimensions: Valence and Intensity). Final model results partly supported my theoretical hypotheses about the relationships among Absorption (AB), Social Realism (SR) and Life Relevance (LR); and the immediate impact of Emotional Responses on Perceptual Realism cPR).

"Man of science, man of faith" : Lost, consumer agency and the fate/free will binary in the post-9/11 context

In 2004, Lost debuted on ABC and quickly became a cultural phenomenon. Its postmodem take on the classic Robinson Crusoe desert island scenario gestures to a variety of different issues circulating within the post-9II1 cultural consciousness, such as terrorism, leadership, anxieties involving air travel, torture, and globalization. Lost's complex interwoven flashback and flash-forward narrative structure encourages spectators to creatively hypothesize solutions to the central mysteries of the narrative, while also thematically addressing archetypal questions of freedom of choice versus fate. Through an examination of the narrative structure, the significance of technological shifts in television, and fan cultures in Lost, this thesis discusses the tenuous notion of consumer agency within the current cultural context. Furthermore, I also explore these issues in relation to the wider historical post-9/II context.

En marge du surréalisme: poétique du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau

Résumé: Ce mémoire consiste en une étude du récit de rêve chez deux auteurs qui ont fait partie du mouvement surréaliste dans leur jeunesse littéraire : Michel Leiris et Raymond Queneau. Dans ce travail, on tente d’une part de décrire la poétique du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau, par diverses analyses qui empruntent surtout à la narratologie et à la linguistique textuelle. D’autre part, nous mesurons la part d’influence du surréalisme dans la conception du rêve de chacun des deux auteurs. Le premier chapitre présente la conception surréaliste du rêve, plus particulièrement celle d’André Breton, telle qu’elle est exposée dans le premier Manifeste du surréalisme et dans les Vases communicants. Cette synthèse est suivie de l’analyse de quelques récits de rêve de Breton issus du recueil Clair de terre, et du périodique la Révolution surréaliste. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres abordent l’écriture du rêve chez Leiris et Queneau. On étudie d’abord les récits de rêve écrits alors que ces auteurs appartenaient au mouvement surréaliste (1924-1929). Ces textes se trouvent dans leurs journaux intimes et dans la revue la Révolution surréaliste. Sont ensuite étudiées certaines œuvres écrites après la période surréaliste qui contiennent des récits de rêve ou qui exploitent le rêve comme structure narrative. Par ces analyses, ce mémoire tente de montrer la contribution du travail sur le rêve à l’élaboration de la poétique personnelle des auteurs Leiris et Queneau. Mots clefs : récit de rêve, Michel Leiris, Raymond Queneau, surréalisme, littérature française.

Le miroir brisé : le délire à l’œuvre dans Trou de mémoire et L’Antiphonaire d’Hubert Aquin

Ce mémoire aborde la question de la folie dans l’œuvre d’Hubert Aquin, en particulier dans deux romans : Trou de mémoire et L’Antiphonaire. Deux types de désordre de la personnalité font l’objet de l’étude : le délire psychotique dans le cas de Trou de mémoire, et l’épilepsie pour ce qui est de L’Antiphonaire. La question de la maladie mentale ou neurologique est envisagée tant du point de vue thématique que du point de vue structurel. Bien que l’aspect thématique occupe la majeure partie du mémoire, l’analyse de la structure du récit y tient une place importante, l’une des hypothèses de départ étant que le désordre mental affecte la composition narrative des deux romans d’Aquin. Plusieurs sources non littéraires sont utilisées pour apporter des éléments d’analyse susceptibles de confirmer les hypothèses proposées. En plus de faire appel à des sources médicales et à des textes relevant de la psychologie, cette recherche trace un historique de l’épilepsie, en faisant ressortir les différences entre la conception qu’on en avait à l’époque de la Renaissance et celle qui prévaut aujourd’hui. Tout en empruntant à des domaines divers du savoir, cette étude s’intéresse à une question peu traitée par la critique ayant abordé le thème de la folie chez Aquin : celle de ses répercussions sur la structure du récit.

Réécriture et dialogue avec la tradition dans l’œuvre de Irmtraud Morgner : de Schahrazade à Mnèmosunè

Thèse de doctorat effectuée en cotutelle au Département de littérature comparée, Faculté des arts et des sciences de l'Université de Montréal et à l'Institut für Deutsche und Niederländische Philologie, Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften de la Freie Universität Berlin

La mise en scène du savoir-faire musical au cinéma

Ce mémoire de recherche-création vise d’abord à inventorier et à analyser les processus et procédés narratifs, rhétoriques et formels grâce auxquels trois films mettent en scène le savoir-faire musical, et particulièrement la situation d’apprentissage de la musique et la relation maître-élève. Ces trois films sont : All That Jazz, de Bob Fosse (1979), Bird, de Clint Eastwood (1988) et Tous les matins du monde, d’Alain Corneau (1991). Au terme de cet inventaire et de cette analyse, nous aurons repéré une dominante thématique : dans ces films, et peut-être au cinéma en général, la musique et l’enseignement de la musique sont représentés sous des traits socio-psychologiques particuliers : d’une part, la possession de l’autre, la soumission, le sacrifice et la perpétuelle insatisfaction. Mais aussi les multiples gratifications dont l’éducation et la formation du corps et de l’esprit sont gages. Il conviendra alors de vérifier une hypothèse : Est-ce que certains modes d’expression cinématographiques — ayant à voir avec certaines pratiques de cadrage, certaines figures du champ- contrechamp, etc. —, et certains modes de narration filmiques n’expliqueraient pas cette capacité du cinéma à mettre en scène les menaces affectives et sociales qui pèsent sur le maître de musique et l’apprenti musicien ? Ce sont ces mêmes processus et procédés, ce même thème et cette même hypothèse, qui seront explorés dans un scénario de long métrage, en faisant cette fois-ci confiance à la capacité de problématisation de l’écriture poétique.

La tentativa hipotesis de lo real : la política heterotópica en Nadie me verá llorar de Cristina Rivera Garza

Notre mémoire cherche à étudier la poétique de l’espace qui articule le roman Nadie me verá llorar publié en 1999 par l’écrivaine mexicaine contemporaine Cristina Rivera Garza. En inscrivant sa démarche romanesque dans la perspective postmoderne d’une nouvelle histoire culturelle, Rivera Garza dépeint un moment fondamental de l’histoire du Mexique allant de la fin du Porfiriato jusqu’aux lendemains de la Révolution mexicaine en l’incarnant dans le destin des laissés pour compte. Ce faisant, elle présente un texte où une multitude de récits se fondent et se confondent en un tout complexe où sont mis en perspective une série d’espaces de nature ambigüe. Notre analyse tâche d’expliquer cette interrelation des chronotopes de l’Histoire et du privé en tenant compte de son impact sur la structure narrative. En décrivant les différentes modalités des espaces évoqués dans l’oeuvre, nous nous intéressons au type de relations qui unit l’ensemble de ces espaces au grand temps de l’Histoire officielle mexicaine en démontrant que tous ces éléments sont régis par une politique hétérotopique qui lézarde le fini du discours officiel en y insérant un ensemble d’éléments qui le subvertissent. L’identification et la description de cette stratégie discursive est pertinente dans la mesure où elle offre un éclairage autre sur le roman et semble caractériser l’ensemble des oeuvres de Cristina Rivera Garza.

Formation And Electrical Properties Of Polyacrylonitrile Thin Films Prepared By Plasma - Polymerisation

Due to the great versatility of the properties of polymer thin films, special interest has been taken in recent years on their preparation and electrical properties. The present thesis is entirely devoted to the study of the formation, structure and electrical properties of plasma» polymerised polyacrylonitrile (PAN) thin films. Eventhough the studies are confined to a single polymer film, the results in general are applicable to similar polar polymer films.

A narrativa em crianças surdas : papel da Língua Gestual Portuguesa

A presente pesquisa tem como Questão Central a avaliação da estrutura da narrativa por um grupo de seis crianças surdas profundas utilizando a Língua Gestual Portuguesa (LGP). Neste estudo questionou-se se se encontrariam diferenças na produção da narrativa entre crianças que adquiriram a LGP precocemente e as que tiveram o primeiro contato com a língua materna tardiamente. Colocou-se a hipótese geral que a língua natural das crianças surdas portuguesas é a LGP e as que tiveram um acesso precoce à sua língua apresentam um melhor desempenho na narração de uma história. Para verificar esta hipótese, foi aplicada uma prova que consistia no conto de uma história, a partir de uma sequência de imagens, em LGP a todos as crianças desta investigação. Releva-se a importância de um precoce ambiente comunicativo para que a criança surda adquira um desenvolvimento global semelhante aos seus pares ouvintes. Salienta-se ainda que a influência dos pais, dos educadores e dos professores é fundamental para que a criança surda possa desenvolver a sua língua natural, a LGP e a aprendizagem da segunda língua. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram as hipóteses colocadas, ou seja, as crianças que adquiriram precocemente a LGP apresentaram um maior desenvolvimento na estrutura da narrativa.

Native speakers and task performance: comparing effects on complexity, fluency, and lexical diversity

This article argues that a native-speaker baseline is a neglected dimension of studies into second language (L2) performance. If we investigate how learners perform language tasks, we should distinguish what performance features are due to their processing an L2 and which are due to their performing a particular task. Having defined what we mean by “native speaker,” we present the background to a research study into task features on nonnative task performance, designed to include native-speaker data as a baseline for interpreting nonnative-speaker performance. The nonnative results, published in this journal (Tavakoli & Foster, 2008) are recapitulated and then the native-speaker results are presented and discussed in the light of them. The study is guided by the assumption that limited attentional resources impact on L2 performance and explores how narrative design features—namely complexity of storyline and tightness of narrative structure— affect complexity, fluency, accuracy, and lexical diversity in language. The results show that both native and nonnative speakers are prompted by storyline complexity to use more subordinated language, but narrative structure had different effects on native and nonnative fluency. The learners, who were based in either London or Tehran, did not differ in their performance when compared to each other, except in lexical diversity, where the learners in London were close to native-speaker levels. The implications of the results for the applicability of Levelt’s model of speaking to an L2 are discussed, as is the potential for further L2 research using native speakers as a baseline.

Literary Love Making in Nicholas Sparks Novels: Finding the Balance Between the Writer's Life and Writer's Work in Bestselling Romantic Love

For almost a decade now Nicholas Sparks has been writing love stories. Not only has he been publishing his stories, but they have received high acclaim in each of their installments. Several of his novels have been made into major motion pictures and increased his popularity quite significantly. His status as a successful romantic fiction writer is undeniable, but the question is, why? What is it about Nicholas Sparks that makes his novels so engaging, and personally, what do I need to do as an aspiring novelist to try and acquire the same literary status? Sparks’s novels reach readers at a number of different levels, thus giving them appeal no matter the intellectual intent of the reader. Theoretically, Sparks engages reader response techniques as well as formalist processes such as “habitualization” and “defamiliarization,” while also developing engaging plot lines that represent many of the experiences from his own life. His writing is not only academically redeemable, but it is also creatively stimulating; between the two, Sparks represents the thunder and lightning combination all writers strive for while trying to achieve literary success. This project also offers a creative element in which I attempt to exemplify many of the traits discussed in the analytical sections of this document, by recreating them in a creative, fictitious fashion. Themes such as: motion versus stasis, life versus death, and the ordinary versus the extraordinary all exist within the narrative structure of my short story “Trip to Fall.” Besides these thematic elements, the creative section strives to represent the balance Sparks achieves between the experiences of his own life and the fictitious world he creates. Overall, this project delves into the life of Nicholas Sparks to better understand the inspiration for his writing at the level of form as well as content, while also paying tribute to Sparks’s style through a representation of his work in my own words.

Literary love making in Nicholas Sparks novels: Finding the balance between the writer’s life and the writer’s work in bestselling Romantic Literature

For almost a decade now Nicholas Sparks has been writing love stories. Not only has he been publishing his stories, but they have received high acclaim in each of their installments. Several of his novels have been made into major motion pictures and increased his popularity quite significantly. His status as a successful romantic fiction writer is undeniable, but the question is, why? What is it about Nicholas Sparks that makes his novels so engaging, and personally, what do I need to do as an aspiring novelist to try and acquire the same literary status? Sparks’s novels reach readers at a number of different levels, thus giving them appeal no matter the intellectual intent of the reader. Theoretically, Sparks engages reader response techniques as well as formalist processes such as “habitualization” and “defamiliarization,” while also developing engaging plot lines that represent many of the experiences from his own life. His writing is not only academically redeemable, but it is also creatively stimulating; between the two, Sparks represents the thunder and lightning combination all writers strive for while trying to achieve literary success. This project also offers a creative element in which I attempt to exemplify many of the traits discussed in the analytical sections of this document, by recreating them in a creative, fictitious fashion. Themes such as: motion versus stasis, life versus death, and the ordinary versus the extraordinary all exist within the narrative structure of my short story “Trip to Fall.” Besides these thematic elements, the creative section strives to represent the balance Sparks achieves between the experiences of his own life and the fictitious world he creates. Overall, this project delves into the life of Nicholas Sparks to better understand the inspiration for his writing at the level of form as well as content, while also paying tribute to Sparks’s style through a representation of his work in my own words.

Marcadores da organização do padrão discursivo narrativo: uma abordagem funcional centrada no uso

This thesis has as its object the Markers Organization Standard Narrative Discourse (MON), from its occurrence in oral and written corpora of different realizations of narrative discourse, considering its locus of occurrence in the narrative and discursive functioning. The research is guided by the Functional Linguistic Usage-Based, approach to which the organization of language is directly linked to the user experience, so that grammar is shaped by discourse. We examined only the narrative portions of Experience Reports, Tales and Legends in the oral and written, as follows: 3 inquiries Corpus Reports Remaining Quilombo (RN); 11 Corpus Legends legends of the Amazon, 14 Tales of Corpus Tales Brazilians and 21 Reports of experiences of Corpus and Discourse Grammar, with about 10,000 words in each corpus. A total of 22 markers were identified, which were: (1) classified according to the locus of occurrence in the narrative structure, as Labov (1972), (2) associated, according to the type of pattern that occur in narrative discourse, (3) described from the discursive function they perform. The research has relevance to the extent it is based speech analysis and offers proposals for productive teaching of mother tongue in which students and teachers can, grounded in language studies, consider living language, as an object of study, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines (OCN) and making use of New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC)

Improvement of electrical properties of Sr-modified (Pb,Ca)TiO3 thin films grown by soft chemistry route

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Amorphous hydrogenated carbon films treated by SF(6) plasma

This work was performed to verify the chemical structure, mechanical and hydrophilic properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, using acetylene/argon mixture as monomer. Films were prepared in a cylindrical quartz reactor, fed by 13.56 MHz radiofrequency. The films were grown during 5 min, for power varying from 25 to 125 W at a fixed pressure of 9.5 Pa. After deposition, all samples were treated by SF(6) plasma with the aim of changing their hydrophilic character. Film chemical structure investigated by Raman spectroscopy, revealed the increase of sp(3) hybridized carbon bonds as the plasma power increases. Hardness measurements performed by the nanoindentation technique showed an improvement from 5 GPa to 14 GPa following the increase discharge power. The untreated films presented a hydrophilic character, which slightly diminished after SF(6) plasma treatment.