AVALIAÇÃO CEFALOMÉTRICA DO TECIDO MOLE EM JOVENS COM OCLUSÃO NORMAL: APLICAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DA ANÁLISE DE ARNETT et al.

Este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar e avaliar a Análise Cefalométrica do Tecido Mole proposta por ARNETT et al. em jovens brasileiros, determinando seus valores médios e comparando com os dos autores. A amostra compôs-se de 60 indivíduos, sendo 24 do sexo masculino e 36 do sexo feminino. Todos brasileiros, leucodermas e portadores de oclusão normal natural, apresentando um mínimo de quatro das seis chaves de oclusão de ANDREWS. A utilização da posição natural da cabeça e da linha vertical verdadeira no momento da obtenção das telerradiografias compuseram a metodologia do trabalho. Avaliaram-se os fatores dentários e os esqueléticos, as espessuras do tecido mole, os comprimentos faciais, as projeções do tecido mole em relação à Linha Vertical Verdadeira e a harmonia intramandibular, a intermaxilar e a facial total. Os resultados demonstraram que os valores médios da amostra estudada apresentaram diferenças em relação aos valores normativos de ARNETT et al. na maioria das variáveis e quando comparados entre si, verificou-se que os americanos apresentaram altura facial maior, perfil facial mais reto e nariz mais proeminente que os brasileiros, tanto para o sexo masculino como para o feminino. O sexo masculino apresentou altura facial e espessura dos tecidos moles maior que o sexo feminino, porem, lábios superior e inferior menos protruídos em relação à Linha Vertical Verdadeira. A

AVALIAÇÃO CEFALOMÉTRICA DA ESTABILIDADE DO TRATAMENTO COM O REGULADOR DE FUNÇÃO FRÄNKEL-2

O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em comparar as alterações dentárias, esqueléticas e tegumentares promovidas pelo aparelho de Fränkel-2 com um grupo controle, além de observar a estabilidade desses efeitos promovidos pelo tratamento, num período médio de 7,11 anos pós-tratamento. A amostra compreendeu um total de 90 telerradiografias em norma lateral, sendo 54 telerradiografias provenientes de 18 pacientes tratados com o RF-2 avaliados em três fases (T1:início de tratamento;T2: final de tratamento e T3: pós-tratamento) e 36 telerradiografias de 18 pacientes-controle, observados em dois tempos. Para comparação entre os grupos tratado e controle foi utilizado o teste t de Student não pareado. Já para a análise dos valores do grupo tratado nos três tempos (T1, T2 e T3) foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) a um critério e o teste de Tukey (p<0,05). As principais alterações proporcionadas pelo aparelho RF-2 observadas a partir da comparação do grupo tratado com o controle envolveram efeitos mandibulares, principalmente a protrusão e aumento do comprimento mandibular associado com uma rotação horária, que resultou em uma maior altura facial total (N-Me) e ântero-inferior (AFAI), além de suave rotação anti-horária do plano palatino (SN.PP). Os incisivos superiores retruíram e o inferior vestibularizou. Houve uma distalização relativa dos molares superiores juntamente com a diminuição do overjet , desta forma a convexidade do perfil facial tegumentar melhorou. No período pós-tratamento (T3) observou-se uma estabilidade sagital de maxila (SNA) e mandíbula (SNB), das variáveis do padrão facial, da inclinação do incisivo superior, do ângulo nasolabial e do overjet . A mandíbula e a maxila continuaram a crescer no sentido antero-posterior, juntamente com as alturas faciais Houve também a extrusão de incisivos e molares. Já o plano oclusal e o ângulo goníaco diminuíram na fase pós-tratamento.(AU)

Three-dimensional outcomes of twin-block appliance treatment and the influence of the postured wax bite

Aims 1 To identify the 3D soft tissue volumetric and linear landmark changes following treatment with the Twin-Block Appliance TBA. 2 To estimate the TBA treatment outcome on the soft tissue facial profile volumetric and linear landmark changes from the Postured Wax Bite (PWB). 3 To identify if there is any association between certain soft tissue landmark variables and successful treatment outcome of the TBA as measured by the reduction in overjet. 4 To assess the effects of TBA treatment on facial expressions. Materials and Methods Forty-seven Caucasian subjects with Class II division 1 were recruited. 3D images captured of each subject, pre-treatment (T1), with the PWB (T2) and at the end of treatment (T3). Soft tissue volumetric and linear changes as well as the correlation between facial parameters and successful treatment were calculated. Results The mean soft tissue volumetric change from T1 to T3 was 22.24 ± 16.73 cm³. Soft tissue profile linear changes from T1-T3 for lower facial landmarks were 4-5 mm. From T1-T3, the mean soft tissue volumetric change of the total sample was 60% of the change produced by the PWB (T1 to T2). Correlations were weak for all 3D facial parameters and successful overjet reduction. Facial expression changes were only significant for the lower landmarks. Conclusions 1 TBA treatment, in growing subjects, increased the lower facial soft tissue volume and caused forward movement of the lower soft tissue facial profile landmarks.2 The PWB can be used to estimate the treatment outcome of the TBA on soft tissue profile changes.3 No association was found between soft tissue landmark variables and successful overjet reduction.4 TBA treatment had no effect on the upper facial landmarks for each facial expression but it changed the lower facial expressions significantly except for maximal smile in males.

Evaluación de los cambios dentarios y su influencia en los tejidos blandos de pacientes tratados con sistema Damon Q y MBT

Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de establecer los cambios dentarios y evaluar la influencia de estos en los tejidos blandos comparando pacientes tratados con sistema Damon Q (N=23) y MBT (N=16). Se seleccionó una muestra de estudio conformada por 39 individuos siendo 28 mujeres y 11 varones de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 26 años. Se registraron radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales tomadas antes y después de concluido el tratamiento. Las inclinaciones de los incisivos superiores e inferiores así como las alteraciones del perfil facial fueron medidas mediante el Software de análisis cefalométrico Nemotec Dental. Para determinar los cambios en los tejidos duros y blandos se aplicó la prueba T-Student verificándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) para los dos sistemas en las variables: ángulo incisivo maxilar, mandibular, posición del labio inferior según el plano estético de Ricketts y el de Burstone. La correlación existente entre los cambios en la inclinación de los incisivos y la posición labial, se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de relación de Pearson encontrando para el sistema Damon una correlación entre la posición del incisivo superior y la del labio superior e inferior, la posición del incisivo inferior tuvo una correlación moderada con el labio inferior, con la técnica MBT se encontró una relación moderada entre la posición del incisivo superior y el labio inferior. Se concluyó que existen cambios postratamiento en la posición de los incisivos, así como protrusión labial inferior hallando relación entre la inclinación vestibular de los incisivos y el movimiento de los labios en ambas técnicas

Bilateral Peripheral Facial Palsy And Mastoid Infiltration As Symptoms Of Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Although Bell's palsy (BP) is the most common cause of peripheral facial palsy (PFP), other etiologies merit investigation. A 60-year-old female patient presented with recurrent bilateral PFP. Although the patient had a history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), she had initially been diagnosed with BP-related PFP and had been treated accordingly. When the PFP recurred, additional diagnostic tests were performed. The resulting immunohistochemical profile included CD3 positivity in a few reactive T lymphocytes; positivity for myeloperoxidase in atypical cells; and focal positivity for CD34 and proto-oncogene c-kit proteins in neoplastic cells, thus confirming the suspicion of mastoid infiltration caused by relapsed AML. In patients with neoplastic disease, a finding of PFP calls for extensive investigation in order to rule out the involvement of the temporal bone.

Papel de la Interleucina 6 (IL-6) en la regulación de la expresión de Osteopontina (OPN) y CD44 tras axotomía del nervio facial

Investigación producida a partir de una estancia en la University of Sidney, Australia, entre octubre del 2008 y enero del 2009. Se ha desarrollado el proyecto titulado "Papel de la interleucina 6 (IL6) en la regulación de la expresión de Osteopontina (OPN) y de CD44 tras axotomía del nervio facial". Tras efectuar una transección del nervio facial, se indujo una reactividad glial en el núcleo facial (NF) localizado en el tronco cerebral, utilizando ratones transgénicos que sobrexpresan IL6 bajo promotor GFAP (tg GFAP-IL6), es decir selectivamente en astrocitos. Se han utilizado técnicas histoquímicas e inmunohistoquímicas, así como también se ha completado el estudio utilizando análisis de RPA, western blotting y citometría de flujo para la identificación de poblaciones celulares. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la OPN se expresa constitutivamente en las neuronas del NF. Tras axotomía del nervio facial, la expresión de OPN y CD44 incrementa en los ratones WT, mientras que en los tg GFAP-IL6 disminuye significativamente, sugiriendo que la IL6 podría estar involucrada en la modulación de la expresión de ambas moléculas. Sin embargo, no se ha visto diferencias en otros receptores de OPN como la integrina Alpha-5. La ctometría de flujo corroboró algunos de los resultados histológicos sobre la reactividad microglial y permitió concluir que la proporción de microglía activada (CD11b+/CD45+mid) y macrófagos (CD11b+/CD45+high) que expresan CD44 incrementa en in los tg GFAP-IL6 versus WT donde la mayor parte de microglia activada mostraba un perfil CD11b+/CD45+low.

The effect of homozygous deletion of the BBOX1 and Fibin genes on carnitine level and acyl carnitine profile.

BACKGROUND: Carnitine is a key molecule in energy metabolism that helps transport activated fatty acids into the mitochondria. Its homeostasis is achieved through oral intake, renal reabsorption and de novo biosynthesis. Unlike dietary intake and renal reabsorption, the importance of de novo biosynthesis pathway in carnitine homeostasis remains unclear, due to lack of animal models and description of a single patient defective in this pathway. CASE PRESENTATION: We identified by array comparative genomic hybridization a 42 months-old girl homozygote for a 221 Kb interstitial deletions at 11p14.2, that overlaps the genes encoding Fibin and butyrobetaine-gamma 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase 1 (BBOX1), an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of carnitine de novo. She presented microcephaly, speech delay, growth retardation and minor facial anomalies. The levels of almost all evaluated metabolites were normal. Her serum level of free carnitine was at the lower limit of the reference range, while her acylcarnitine to free carnitine ratio was normal. CONCLUSIONS: We present an individual with a completely defective carnitine de novo biosynthesis. This condition results in mildly decreased free carnitine level, but not in clinical manifestations characteristic of carnitine deficiency disorders, suggesting that dietary carnitine intake and renal reabsorption are sufficient to carnitine homeostasis. Our results also demonstrate that haploinsufficiency of BBOX1 and/or Fibin is not associated with Primrose syndrome as previously suggested.

Face Detection and Facial Feature Localization for multi-pose faces and complex backgroundimages

The objective of this thesis work, is to propose an algorithm to detect the faces in a digital image with complex background. A lot of work has already been done in the area of face detection, but drawback of some face detection algorithms is the lack of ability to detect faces with closed eyes and open mouth. Thus facial features form an important basis for detection. The current thesis work focuses on detection of faces based on facial objects. The procedure is composed of three different phases: segmentation phase, filtering phase and localization phase. In segmentation phase, the algorithm utilizes color segmentation to isolate human skin color based on its chrominance properties. In filtering phase, Minkowski addition based object removal (Morphological operations) has been used to remove the non-skin regions. In the last phase, Image Processing and Computer Vision methods have been used to find the existence of facial components in the skin regions.This method is effective on detecting a face region with closed eyes, open mouth and a half profile face. The experiment’s results demonstrated that the detection accuracy is around 85.4% and the detection speed is faster when compared to neural network method and other techniques.

Eficácia da imunoterapia no tratamento de pitiose facial em equino

Background: Pythiosis in horses is a proliferative and ulcerative disease that primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue of limbs, thoracic-abdominal region and head. This disease sometimes can also affect limb bones or cause tumoral masses in abdomen. Usually, the cutaneous cases are confused with habronemiasis. The disease is more common in marshy areas, places with formation of slow drainage ponds and aquatic vegetation under high temperatures. The aim of this study was to describe the development of facial lesions in a horse caused by pythiosis in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, and, additionally to discuss relevant issues regarding the diagnosis, clinical course and response to immunotherapy treatment.Case: One five years old mare of unknown breed, created in property located in the Cerrado region, had a wound on its face difficult to be healed and non-responsive to several treatments based on ivermectin and organophosphate administrated by either topical or systemic via. The animal was assisted on the farm of origin by the veterinary team of the Clinical Medicine sector, of the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT). on the occasion of the visit, which occurred 60 days after onset of signs, the animal showed a circular single large lesion, ulcerative with serous discharge on the right part of its face, between the eyes and nostrils. There were some necrotic foci with sinus, from which kunkers were extracted; a condition compatible with pythiosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology, ELISA and PCR.Discussion: Assuming pythiosis from data obtained from the survey and profile of the lesion (secretory aspect, emaciation and presence of sinus and kunkers), immunotherapy treatment was immediately applied. The advanced clinical aspects and the fact that early diagnosis and treatment are essentials to satisfactory therapeutic response were also taken into consideration for starting the treatment. The remission of signs was achieved after five subcutaneous applications with 14 days between each application. From the second application, it was observed clinical improvement and after 60 days of treatment there was almost complete remission of signs. The signs for a satisfactory response in the injury site followed the order of decreasing secretory aspect, decreasing borders, decrease the itching and bringing the edges together with the formation of a thin layer of crust on the surface. Pythiosis cases with lesions on the face and lower abdomen are commonly confused with habronemiasis by macroscopic and widespread similarity between technicians and attendants, and essential support to the diagnosis through laboratory tests, which in turn are still underutilized. In this case, the authors demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy as an advantage, considering the possibility of applying it in cases of lesions in areas of difficult surgical access, treatment conditions in the field, with low cost and ease of application. Further studies approaching this alternative therapy are necessary, since side effects have been observed in some cases.

Alterações do perfil médio facial no tratamento da má oclusão de classe II, divisão 1 de Angle com aparelho extrabucal de Kloehn

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mudanças no perfil facial de crianças com má oclusão classe II, divisão 1 decorrentes do crescimento normal e induzidas pelo bionator de Balters

Pós-graduação em Odontologia - FOAR

Avaliação da agradabilidade facial de pacientes portadores de padrão facial II e III por ortodontistas e leigos

Aim: compare the evaluation of orthodontics and lay people on facial attractiveness of pattern II and III subjects. Methodology: thirty orthodontists and 30 laymen judged a profile facial photos of 64 subjects standard II and III (34 standard II e 30 standard III), making as visual analogical scale (VAS) with 10 cm. Results: after evaluation, the results were submitted to a statistics analysis (Mann- Whitney test) showed that the groups of evaluators orthodontists and lay people differed in their assessments, and these differences are statistically significant. Conclusions: the laymen was more rigorous than orthodontics, and both considered the female pattern III more agradable.

Relações entre proeminência facial nas fotos do Orkut e o perfil dos usuários

Relationship Between Facial Prominence of Orkut’s Photos and the Users’ Profile This research aimed to verify the relation between facial prominence index (FPI) and the profile of 600 users of Orkut. The results demonstrated that in all evaluated segments the average of male facial prominence was higher than the female; women increase the prominence while men decrease it as they become older and university graduates women have presented higher prominence than high school graduates. Significant differences were also found in the categories of humor when comparing the FPI between the genders and between persons of the same gender. In summary, the results indicate that the determinant factors for the facial prominence presented at Orkut are probably related to both biological and cultural aspects.

Facial esthetics in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate 3 years after alveolar bonegrafting combined with rhinoplasty between 2 and 4 years of age

OBJECTIVES To evaluate facial esthetics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after alveolar bone grafting combined with rhinoplasty between 2 and 4 years of age. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING The Department of Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS Photographs of full faces and cropped images of five nasolabial components: nasal deviation, nasal form, nasal profile, vermillion border, and inferior view were assessed by 5 professional and 14 layraters in 29 children (23 boys and 6 girls; mean age = 5.3 years, SD 0.5; Early-grafted group) and 30 children (20 boys and 10 girls; mean age = 5.5 years, SD 1.0; Non-grafted group) with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate repaired with a one-stage closure. The groups differed regarding the timing of alveolar bone grafting: in the Early-grafted group, alveolar bone grafting in combination with rhinoplasty (ABG-R) was performed between 2 and 4 years of age (mean age = 2.3 years; SD 0.6); in the Non-grafted group, the alveolar defect was grafted after 9 years of age. No primary nose correction was carried out in any group. To rate esthetics, a modified five-grade esthetic index of Asher-McDade was used, where grade 1 means the most esthetic and grade 5 - the least esthetic outcome. RESULTS Esthetics of full faces and of all nasolabial elements in the Early-grafted group was significantly better than in Non-grafted group. The scores in the Early-grafted group ranged from 2.30 to 2.66 points, whereas in the Non-grafted group ranged from 2.66 to 3.17 points. All intergroup differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Three years post-operatively, early alveolar bone grafting combined with rhinoplasty is favorable for facial esthetics in children with UCLP, but a longer follow-up is needed to assess whether the improvement was permanent.

Facial attractiveness of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and of controls assessed by laypersons and professionals.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify differences in the aesthetic evaluation of profile and frontal photographs of (1) patients treated for complete left-sided cleft lip and palate and (2) control patients by laypeople and professionals. MATERIALS, SUBJECTS, AND METHODS Left-side profile and frontal photographs of 20 adult patients treated for complete left-sided cleft lip and palate (10 men, 10 women, mean age: 20.5 years) and of 10 control patients with a class I occlusion (five men, five women, mean age: 22.1 years) were included in the study. The post-treatment photographs were evaluated by 15 adult laypeople, 14 orthodontists, and 10 maxillofacial surgeons. Each photograph was judged on a modified visual analogue scale (VA S, 0-10; 0 'very unattractive' to 10 'very attractive'). A four-level mixed model was fitted in which the VA S score was the dependent variable; cases, profession, view, and rater were independent variables. RESULTS Compared with laypersons, orthodontists gave higher VA S scores (+0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.53, 0.84]; P < 0.001), followed by surgeons (+0.21, 95% CI [0.03, 0.38], P = 0.02). Controls were given significantly higher scores than patients with clefts for profile and frontal photographs (+1.97, 95% CI [1.60; 2.35], P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the scores for the frontal and lateral views (P = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS All the different rater panels were less satisfied with the facial aesthetics of patients with clefts compared with that of control patients. Further research should evaluate whether these findings correlate with patients' self-perception and to what extent it affects the patients' psychosocial well-being.