Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Credit must be given to Leinwand from Monkmeyer Press Photo Service].

Earth Day in New York City

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Demonstrators protesting pollution on Earth Day

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Earth Day in New York City

: Title and date provided by Freda Leinwand.

Protesting pollution on Earth Day

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Protesting noise pollution at an environmental demonstration

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Conflitos ambientais no Pontal da Barra - Pelotas/RS - desde uma perspectiva etnográfica na educação ambiental

Este trabalho tem como propósito explicitar a relação de injustiça ambiental e as controvérsias entre atores sociais com distintos modos de significação e apropriação territorial no contexto de um conflito ambiental na localidade do Pontal da Barra, praia do Laranjal, Pelotas - RS. Desde uma perspectiva etnográfica, objetiva-se incorporar a dimensão do conflito enquanto elemento central de análise. Para isso, partiu-se da proposta analítica de explicitação do conflito como forma de mapeamento dos diferentes atores sociais em interação, contemplando suas visões, posições, interesses, discursos e estratégias de disputa e legitimação no campo ambiental. Consiste em um conflito ambiental que insurgiu a partir da proposta de implantação de um loteamento residencial no contexto de urbanização do balneário do Laranjal durante a década de 1980, envolvendo os seguintes atores sociais: moradores removidos e os que permanecem no Pontal da Barra; membros da comunidade científica e movimento ambientalista local; empresário do ramo imobiliário e turístico no Pontal da Barra e a intervenção de instâncias públicas. Destaca-se a posição dos moradores, vistos em situação de marginalidade, que passaram a representar obstáculos e entraves, tanto para os interesses imobiliários e turísticos na localidade como para uma parcela significativa de ambientalistas que visam à preservação integral da área do Pontal da Barra. Em conjunto a essas iniciativas de grupos organizados sobressai a posição do Estado enquanto mediador desses conflitos e agente que procura executar estratégias de controle e planejamento do espaço, envolvendo as disputas territoriais e os discursos ambientais em questão. Perante esses órgãos do Estado e setores da iniciativa privada, a situação desses moradores caracteriza-se pela irregularidade fundiária, no qual seu espaço habitado não é reconhecido como deles. Dessa forma, este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da seguinte questão: tendo em vista os diferentes atores sociais envolvidos, como tem se configurado, desde a década de 1980, o conflito ambiental em torno da disputa territorial pelo Pontal da Barra, Pelotas/RS. Nessa perspectiva, busca-se desconstruir a retórica hegemônica e dominante que escamoteia as diferenças e naturaliza as desigualdades entre os atores sociais envolvidos procurando silenciar e despolitizar a participação pública no debate dos conflitos ambientais, para, através desse entendimento, corroborar com a discussão de uma Educação Ambiental crítica que tenha nos conflitos existentes a sua pauta de pesquisa e de ação.

Social relations and dynamics shaping the implementation of the voluntary guidelines on small-scale fisheries (SSF guidelines) in South Africa

Integral to achieving the SSF Guidelines goal of targeting the most vulnerable and marginalized persons and eliminating discrimination is the need to have adequate understanding of the power relations and intersectionalities that shape access to and control over marine and other resources according to gender, age, race, ethnicity, labour and migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in each national contexts. This monograph identifies and explores the key social relations and dynamics in the SSF fisheries sector in South Africa impacting the implementation of the SSF Guidelines. The monograph will be useful for researchers, scientists, fishworker organizations, environmentalists and anyone interested in the protection of marine biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable fisheries management.

Integrating Environmental Justice and Social-Ecological Resilience for Successful Adaptation to Climate Change: Lessons from African American Communities on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay

This research concerns the conceptual and empirical relationship between environmental justice and social-ecological resilience as it relates to climate change vulnerability and adaptation. Two primary questions guided this work. First, what is the level of resilience and adaptive capacity for social-ecological systems that are characterized by environmental injustice in the face of climate change? And second, what is the role of an environmental justice approach in developing adaptation policies that will promote social-ecological resilience? These questions were investigated in three African American communities that are particularly vulnerable to flooding from sea-level rise on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, I found that in all three communities, religious faith and the church, rootedness in the landscape, and race relations were highly salient to community experience. The degree to which these common aspects of the communities have imparted adaptive capacity has changed over time. Importantly, a given social-ecological factor does not have the same effect on vulnerability in all communities; however, in all communities political isolation decreases adaptive capacity and increases vulnerability. This political isolation is at least partly due to procedural injustice, which occurs for a number of interrelated reasons. This research further revealed that while all stakeholders (policymakers, environmentalists, and African American community members) generally agree that justice needs to be increased on the Eastern Shore, stakeholder groups disagree about what a justice approach to adaptation would look like. When brought together at a workshop, however, these stakeholders were able to identify numerous challenges and opportunities for increasing justice. Resilience was assessed by the presence of four resilience factors: living with uncertainty, nurturing diversity, combining different types of knowledge, and creating opportunities for self-organization. Overall, these communities seem to have low resilience; however, there is potential for resilience to increase. Finally, I argue that the use of resilience theory for environmental justice communities is limited by the great breadth and depth of knowledge required to evaluate the state of the social-ecological system, the complexities of simultaneously promoting resilience at both the regional and local scale, and the lack of attention to issues of justice.