Efeitos da dosagem de monensina sódica sobre o desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo, saúde ruminal e características de carcaça em bovinos Nelore confinados

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Effects of feeding a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, rumenitis, and blood gas profile in Bos indicus biotype yearling bulls

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of feeding monensin (MON) or a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against several rumen microorganisms on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, blood gas profile, and rumenitis of Bos indicus biotype (BT) yearling bulls. The study was designed as a completely randomized design with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, replicated 4 times, in which 32 yearling bulls of each of 3 BT evaluated (3-way-cross, TC; Canchim, CC; and Nellore, NE) were fed diets containing either MON at 300 mg.d(-1) or PAP at 10 mL.d(-1) across 3 different periods. No significant (P > 0.10) feed additive (FA) main effects were observed for any of the feedlot performance variables and carcass characteristics with the exception of dressing percentage. Yearling bulls receiving PAP had a decreased (P = 0.047) dressing percentage when compared with yearling bulls receiving MON. Significant (P < 0.05) BT main effects were observed for all feedlot performance variables and carcass characteristics with the exception of kidney-pelvic fat expressed in kilograms (P = 0.49) and LM lipids content (P = 0.45). Crossbred yearling bulls (TC and CC) had greater (P < 0.001) ADG, DMI in kilograms, DMI as % of BW, and improved (P = 0.001) G: F when compared with NE yearling bulls. A tendency (P = 0.072) for a FA main effect was observed for rumenitis scores, in which yearling bulls receiving PAP had lesser rumenitis scores than those receiving MON. When the data were disposed as frequency percentage, 55.6% and 45.7% of the rumens from yearling bulls fed PAP and MON were scored between 0 and 1, respectively (0 = no lesions, 10 = severe lesions). Likewise, a significant BT main effect was observed (P = 0.008), where NE yearling bulls had greater rumenitis scores than those of crossbred yearling bulls (TC and CC). No signifi cant FA main effects were observed (P > 0.10) for any of the fatty acids measured in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, with the exception that yearling bulls receiving MON had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of palmitic acid (16: 0), margaric acid (17: 0), docosapentaenoic acid (22: 5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6) than those yearling bulls receiving PAP. Feeding PAP tended to decrease incidence of rumen lesions and led to similar feedlot performance compared with feeding MON. Thus, PAP is a new technology that presents a possible alternative for ionophores.

Efeito de fontes de óleos vegetais sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore

A inclusão de óleos vegetais na dieta de bovinos tem sido utilizada para aumentar a densidade energética da dieta, melhorar a eficiência alimentar, além de produzir carnes com a composição de ácidos graxos mais favorável à saúde humana. Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da inclusão de óleos de soja, girassol e linhaça na dieta de bovinos, sobre o desempenho, características quantitativas de carcaça e qualitativas da carne, perfil de ácidos graxos, oxidação lipídica e formação de compostos oxidados do colesterol. Foram confinados 96 bovinos Nelore, castrados, com aproximadamente 380 kg ± 34 kg de peso inicial e idade média de 20 meses. As dietas foram compostas de 79% de concentrado e 21% de volumoso (silagem de milho) e incluídos os óleos de soja, girassol e linhaça. Os animais foram pesados e avaliadas as características de carcaça por ultrassonografia nos dias 0, 28, 56 e 81 de confinamento. Nos dias zero e 81 dias de confinamento foi coletado sangue dos bovinos para avaliação do LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol, VLDL-colesterol e triacilgliceróis. Ao final de 81 dias de confinamento, os animais foram abatidos e foi avaliado o pH (uma e 48 horas após o abate) e foram retiradas amostras do músculo longissimus. Foi avaliado a cor, força de cisalhamento (FC) e perdas por cocção (PPC) em carnes não maturadas e maturadas por 14 dias. Duas amostras do longissimus foram expostas por um e três dias em condições semelhantes ao varejo. Nas carnes expostas por um dia foi avaliado a cor e o pH. Nas amostras expostas por três dias foi avaliado além da cor e pH, o perfil de ácidos graxos, TBARS, colesterol e a presença do 7-cetocolesterol. Foi realizada ainda a análise sensorial e determinado a quantidade de lipídios totais das carnes. A estabilidade oxidativa dos óleos utilizados na dieta também foi avaliada. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, sendo o peso inicial o bloco. O desempenho e as características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia não foram influenciadas pelas fontes de óleo. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o peso de abate, o peso de carcaça quente, o pH da carcaça uma hora e 48 horas após o abate, o rendimento de carcaça, a cor, as PPC e a FC. O pH foi maior nas carnes maturadas por 14 dias (P=0,01), em relação àquelas sem maturação. As PPC e a FC foram menores (P=0,01) nas carnes maturadas por 14 dias. O óleo de linhaça apresentou menor estabilidade oxidativa seguidos do óleo de girassol e soja. As fontes de óleo não afetaram a concentração dos lipídios do plasma sanguíneo, no entanto, os níveis de VLDL, LDL, HDL, colesterol e triacilgliceróis foram maiores (P<0,01) no final do experimento em relação ao início. Não houve interação entre a espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) avaliada no abate e as dietas e efeito das fontes de óleo sobre os valores de TBARS, lipídios e colesterol. Não foi encontrado o 7-cetocolesterol nas carnes. O pH das carnes expostas por um e três dias sob condições de varejo, não foram influenciadas pela dieta nem pela interação da dieta e dos dias de exposição. No entanto, foi observado o efeito de tempo (P<0,01), as carnes expostas por três dias tiveram valores de pH maiores que as carnes expostas por um dia. A cor L*, a* e b* das carnes expostas em gôndola, sob condições de varejo não foi influenciado pela dieta, pelos dias de exposição e nem pela interação dos dias de exposição e dietas. Os ácidos graxos C18:1 n-9, C20:3 n-6 e C20:5 n-3 apresentaram interação entre a EGS e a dieta (P<0,05). O C18:1 cis 6 apresentou maiores concentrações (P<0,05) nas carnes provenientes dos animais alimentados com óleo de linhaça e soja, em comparação com as carnes provenientes da dieta controle. O C18:3 n-3 apresentou maiores concentrações nas carnes de animais alimentados com linhaça (P<0,05), em comparação com os demais tratamentos. O aroma e a textura da carne avaliados em análise sensorial realizada com consumidores não foram alterados pelos tratamentos. A carne dos animais alimentados com óleo de girassol resultou em maiores notas para o sabor (P<0,01), em relação à carne proveniente de animais alimentados com óleo de soja. As dietas controle e girassol resultaram em carnes mais suculentas e com maior aceitabilidade global (P<0,01), em relação ao tratamento soja. Independentemente do tipo de óleo utilizado na dieta dos animais, não houve influência no desempenho e nas características da carcaça. O óleo de linhaça proporcionou carnes com perfil de ácidos graxos mais favorável para a saúde humana, pois apresentou maiores proporções do ácido linolênico e relações ideais de n6:n3 (4,15). O uso de óleos vegetais na dieta, não prejudicou a aparência das carnes e não proporcionaram oxidação lipídica com a formação de compostos de colesterol oxidados nas carnes expostas sob condições de varejo.

Carcass and meat quality characteristics of Arsi-Bale goats supplemented with different levels of air-dried Moringa stenopetala leaf

This study was conducted to assess the effect of air-dried Moringa stenopetala leaf (MSL) supplementation on carcass components and meat quality in Arsi-Bale goats. A total of 24 yearling goats with initial body weight of 13.6+/-0.25 kg were randomly divided into four treatments with six goats each. All goats received a basal diet of natural grass hay ad libitum and 340 g head^(−1) d^(−1) concentrate. The treatment diets contain a control diet without supplementation (T1) and diets supplemented with MSL at a rate of 120 g head^(−1) d^(−1) (T2), 170 g head^(−1) d^(−1) (T3) and 220 g head^(−1) d^(−1) (T4). The results indicated that the average slaughter weight of goats reared on T3 and T4 was 18.2 and 18.3 kg, respectively, being (P<0.05) higher than those of T1 (15.8 kg) and T2 (16.5 kg). Goats fed on T3 and T4 diets had higher (P<0.05) daily weight gain compared with those of T1 and T2. The hot carcass weight in goats reared on T3 and T4 diets was 6.40 and 7.30 kg, respectively, being (P<0.05) higher than those of T1 (4.81 kg) and T2 (5.06 kg). Goats reared on T4 had higher (P<0.05) dressing percentage than those reared in other treatment diets. The rib-eye area in goats reared on T2, T3 and T4 diets was higher (P<0.05) than those of T1. The protein content of the meat in goats reared on T3 and T4 was 24.0 and 26.4%, respectively being significantly higher than those of T1 (19.1%) and T2 (20.1%). In conclusion, the supplementation of MSL to natural grass hay improved the weight gain and carcass parts of Arsi-Bale goats indicating Moringa leaves as alternative protein supplements to poor quality forages.

Enhancing bioactive fatty acids of the meat from lambs reared in intensive systems through nutritional modulation

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias, especialidade de Produção Animal

Histomicrobiologic aspects of the root canal system and periapical lesions in dogs' teeth after rotary instrumentation and intracanal dressing with Ca(OH)2 pastes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of microorganisms in the root canal system (RCS) and periapical lesions of dogs' teeth after rotary instrumentation and placement of different calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]-based intracanal dressings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic periapical lesions were experimentally induced in 80 premolar roots of four dogs. Instrumentation was undertaken using the ProFile rotary system and irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The following Ca(OH) 2-based pastes were applied for 21 days: group 1 - Calen (n=18); group 2 - Calen+CPMC (n=20); group 3 - Ca(OH)2 p.a. + anaesthetic solution (n=16) and group 4 - Ca(OH)2 p.a.+ 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (n=18). Eight root canals without endodontic treatment constituted the control group. Histological sections were obtained and stained with Brown & Brenn staining technique to evaluate the presence of microorganisms in the main root canal, ramifications of the apical delta and secondary canals, apical cementoplasts, dentinal tubules, areas of cemental resorption and periapical lesions. The results were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The control group showed the highest prevalence of microorganisms in all sites evaluated. Gram-positive cocci, bacilli and filaments were the most frequent morphotypes. Similar microbial distribution patterns in the RCS and areas of cementum resorption were observed in all groups (p>0.05). The percentage of RCS sites containing microorganisms in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and control were: 67.6%, 62.5%, 78.2%, 62.0% and 87.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the histomicrobiological analysis showed that the rotary instrumentation and the different calcium hydroxide pastes employed did not effectively eliminate the infection from the RCS and periapical lesions. However, several bacteria seen in the histological sections were probably dead or were inactivated by the biomechanical preparation and calcium hydroxide-based intracanal dressing.

Effect of Indomethacin on Surface Treatment and Intracanal Dressing of Replanted Teeth in Dogs

Purpose: This study evaluated the healing process of teeth replanted after root treatment and intracanal dressing with indomethacin alone or indomethacin with calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH](2)).Materials and Methods: Through a case-control study, 24 teeth of 6 adult dogs were extracted, dried, and divided into 4 groups according to the root surface treatment protocols performed before replantation and the intracanal medication used after replantation. In group 1 (negative control), root surfaces were treated by immersion in a 0.9% saline solution and then replanted. In the other groups, the roots were immersed for 10 minutes in Ca(OH)(2) (group 2), indomethacin (group 3), or a solution of indomethacin and Ca(OH)(2) (group 4). After 2 weeks, group 1 teeth were subjected to single-visit root canal treatment and obturation with gutta-percha and sealer consisting of zinc oxide and eugenol. The teeth in the other groups were subjected to intracanal dressing with the same material used for immersion. After an additional period of 28 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the jaws containing the replanted teeth were processed for histologic analysis. Histometric values were statistically analyzed, with significance set at a P value less than or equal to .05.Results: Group 1 exhibited significantly more normal periodontium than group 4 (P = .02). Total resorption was greater in group 4 than in group 1 (P = .02). No statistically significant difference in the percentage of surface resorption or in total inactive resorption was observed between the groups.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that intracanal dressing and topical root treatment with Ca(OH)(2) with or without indomethacin is not recommended for teeth dried for 50 minutes, but the use of indomethacin alone as root surface treatment for delayed tooth replantation deserves further study using longer drying periods. In addition, the present results suggest that a single-visit root canal, performed up to 2 weeks after replantation, might be indicated for teeth dried for up to 50 minutes. (C) 2014 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Cellular and Molecular Tissue Response to Triple Antibiotic Intracanal Dressing

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The efficacy of an augmented virtual reality system to alleviate pain in children undergoing burns dressing changes : a randomised controlled trial

In children, the pain and anxiety associated with acute burn dressing changes can be severe, with drug treatment alone frequently proving to be inadequate. Virtual reality (VR) systems have been successfully trialled in limited numbers of adult and paediatric burn patients. Augmented reality (AR) differs from VR in that it overlays virtual images onto the physical world, instead of creating a complete virtual world. This prospective randomised controlled trial investigated the use of AR as an adjunct to analgesia and sedation in children with acute burns. Forty-two children (30 male and 12 female), with an age range of 3–14 years (median age 9 years) and a total burn surface area ranging from 1 to 16% were randomised into a treatment (AR) arm and a control (basic cognitive therapy) arm after administration of analgesia and/or sedation. Pain scores, pulse rates (PR), respiratory rates (RR) and oxygen saturations (SaO2) were recorded pre-procedurally, at 10 min intervals and post-procedurally. Parents were also asked to grade their child's overall pain score for the dressing change. Mean pain scores were significantly lower (p = 0.0060) in the AR group compared to the control group, as were parental pain assessment scores (p = 0.015). Respiratory and pulse rates showed significant changes over time within groups, however, these were not significantly different between the two study groups. Oxygen saturation did not differ significantly over time or between the two study groups. This trial shows that augmented reality is a useful adjunct to pharmacological analgesia.

In vivo evaluation of an ultra-thin polycaprolactone film as a wound dressing

The use of ultra-thin films as dressings for cutaneous wounds could prove advantageous in terms of better conformity to wound topography and improved vapour transmission. For this purpose, ultra-thin poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) films of 5-15 microm thickness were fabricated via a biaxial stretching technique. To evaluate their in vivo biocompatibility and feasibility as an external wound dressing, PCL films were applied over full and partial-thickness wounds in rat and pig models. Different groups of PCL films were used: untreated, NaOH-treated, untreated with fibrin, NaOH-treated with perforations, and NaOH-treated with fibrin and S-nitrosoglutathione. Wounds with no external dressings were used as controls. Wound contraction rate, histology and biomechanical analyses were carried out. Wounds re-epithelialized completely at a comparable rate. Formation of a neo-dermal layer and re-epithelialization were observed in all the wounds. A lower level of fibrosis was observed when PCL films were used, compared to the control wounds. Ultimate tensile strength of the regenerated tissue in rats reached 50-60% of that in native rat skin. Results indicated that biaxially-stretched PCL films did not induce inflammatory reactions when used in vivo as a wound dressing and supported the normal wound healing process in full and partial-thickness wounds.

New percentage body fat prediction equations for Japanese females

Anthropometry is a simple and cost-efficient method for the assessment of body composition. However prediction equations to estimate body composition using anthropometry should be ‘population-specific’. Most popular body composition prediction equations for Japanese females were proposed more than 40 years ago and there is some concern regarding their usefulness in Japanese females living today. The aim of this study was to compare percentage body fat (%BF) estimated from anthropometry and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to examine the applicability of commonly used prediction equations in young Japanese females. Body composition of 139 Japanese females aged between 18 and 27 years of age (BMI range: 15.1–29.1 kg/m2) was measured using whole-body DXA (Lunar DPX-LIQ) scans. From anthropometric measurements %BF was estimated using four equations developed from Japanese females. The results showed that the traditionally employed prediction equations for anthropometry significantly (p<0.01) underestimate %BF of young Japanese females and therefore are not valid for the precise estimation of body composition. New %BF prediction equations were proposed from the DXA and anthropometry results. Application of the proposed equations may assist in more accurate assessment of body fatness in Japanese females living today.

Stories of cross-dressing and the body : family memories in fiction

Ruth Finnegan (2006, 179) describes how family myths have the power to provoke images that recur throughout generations. This paper will document my own encounter with such persistent images in the stories of a mother and daughter. Both mother and daughter told stories about encountering cross-dressing men in the streets of Brisbane, and both showed similar anxiety over their own body size. As a creative writer working with oral histories, I found these stories of the disguised body compelling. By drawing on the storytelling strategies and preoccupations present in the interview, I used imagination and fictional techniques to investigate the possibility of symbolic resonance of memories across generations. In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison (1987) uses the notion of ‘rememory’ to describe how characters actively make and suppress meanings in their recollections. Like Morrison, my writing speaks to notions around the way stories are remembered and told.