Is childhood a 'disability'? Exploring the exclusion of children from age discrimination provisions in the Equality Act 2010

The Equality Act 2010 was enacted with the aim of simplifying existing equality legislation and included extending age discrimination protection beyond the workplace to cover the provision of goods, facilities and services. Under-18s, however, were omitted from such provisions, despite lobbying from a number of different organisations and parliamentarians. This article considers the significance of this exclusion. It both challenges the legitimacy of the decision to exclude children, and considers the difficulties that arise from including under-18s within age discrimination provisions, namely those relating to children’s autonomy, capacity and right to equal treatment. In particular, it asks whether the question of children’s capacity to make decisions, the main ground on which children are denied all the human rights enjoyed by adults, should be revisited in light of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, under which a finding of incapacity on the basis of disability constitutes discrimination. It goes on to explore other areas of convergence between childhood and disability studies, and particularly the benefits, and shortcomings, of a ‘social model’ approach to childhood.

Credit default swap (CDS) prediction model & trading strategy

This project focuses on the study of different explanatory models for the behavior of CDS security, such as Fixed-Effect Model, GLS Random-Effect Model, Pooled OLS and Quantile Regression Model. After determining the best fitness model, trading strategies with long and short positions in CDS have been developed. Due to some specifications of CDS, I conclude that the quantile regression is the most efficient model to estimate the data. The P&L and Sharpe Ratio of the strategy are analyzed using a backtesting analogy, where I conclude that, mainly for non-financial companies, the model allows traders to take advantage of and profit from arbitrages.

Cross sectional default probabilities in european corporate bonds

This study attempts to identify basis-trading opportunities in the European banking sector by comparing two different measures for the market’s assessment of risk: market-observed CDS spreads and model-implied Z-spreads. Using a sample of 10 banks, over a period of 3 years following the European banking crisis, it can be concluded that there were arbitrage opportunities in the sector, as evidenced by the derived negative bases.

Cláusulas de garantia e segurança

Contractual provisions directed towards the fulfillment of the contract itself or concerning the promisor’s conduct are nowadays widespread (both geographically and regarding the situations in which they are used), posing interpretative problems that demand the consideration of private autonomy’s extent and its limits on their application. A number of such clauses or covenants proliferate on all sectors of juridical activity, although with different configurations in each particular situation, whereby the study of negative pledge, pari passu, cross-default and ownership clauses merely constitutes a conceptual framework for considerations concerning the virtues and challenges of this type of contractual arrangements, particularly in relation to the precepts of the legal system as a whole. This study also aims to display the special characteristics that justify their prevalence in banking and financial law. We intend to analyze their, mostly preventive, function, typifying the main problems that arise, as well as their limitations and advantages.

Arrêt du conseil d'Etat qui ordonne que les acquéreurs des nouveaux offices de secrétaires du roi créés par édit de décembre 1708, et autres, seront tenus d'obtenir des provisions et de se faire recevoir auxdits offices pour jouir des privilèges et exemptions y attribués

[Acte. 1711-01-20. Versailles]

Arrêt du conseil d'Etat qui nomme des commissaires pour procéder au jugement des oppositions formées au sceau des provisions des offices reçus en paiement des taxes des gens d'affaires ; à la liquidation des dettes privilégiées et à l'ordre des créanciers

[Acte. 1717-07-03. Paris]

Arrêt du conseil d'Etat qui règle les formalités pour la vente et l'expédition des provisions des offices de conseillers-secrétaires du roi et autres qui ont été ou seront reçus en paiement des taxes de ceux qui auront été compris dans les rôles arrêtés au conseil, en exécution de la déclaration du 18 sept. 1716

[Acte. 1717-08-18. Paris]

Arrêt du conseil d'Etat portant prorogation pendant l'année 1718 pour la modération des frais des provisions et de reception en faveur de ceux qui lèveront des offices taxés vacants aux revenus casuels

[Acte. 1718-02-01. Paris]

Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a return of the arms and military stores furnished to the respective states, under the provisions of the law of one thousand eight hundred and twelve.

At head of title: [107].

Child care by choice or by default? : examining the experiences of unregulated home-based child care for women in paid work and training

This thesis aims to uncover the dynamics, causes and outcomes of women's reliance on unregulated home-based child care in Ontario, Canada, and the implications ofthis form of care for women's equality. Drawing on a longitudinal qualitative study, I examine the diverse experience of 14 women using home-based child care and engaged in both paid work/training and care work for children under the age of six, and draw comparisons with users of other forms of child care. I argue that home-based child care involves high levels of instability for continuity of care and is chosen largely as a default position based on economic considerations. It represents a compromise between the demands of social reproduction and paid work/training that entangles mothers in relations of exploitation with care providers. Doing so leaves both mothers and care providers socially and economically vulnerable and relying on social networks to fill in the gaps.

Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting a return of the arms and military stores furnished to the respective states, under the provisions of the law of one thousand eight hundred and twelve

At head of title: [107]. 15th Congress, 1st session, 1817-1818. House. February 20, 1818. Read, and ordered to lie upon the table.

Valuing Sovereign Default Risk - A Pricing Formula and its Empirical Results for the Mexican External Debt.

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