Analysis of pesticide residues in strawberries and soils by GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS and two-dimensional GC-timeof- flight MS comparing organic and integrated pest management farming

This study analysed 22 strawberry and soil samples after their collection over the course of 2 years to compare the residue profiles from organic farming with integrated pest management practices in Portugal. For sample preparation, we used the citrate-buffered version of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. We applied three different methods for analysis: (1) 27 pesticides were targeted using LC-MS/MS; (2) 143 were targeted using low pressure GC-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS/MS); and (3) more than 600 pesticides were screened in a targeted and untargeted approach using comprehensive, two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS). Comparison was made of the analyses using the different methods for the shared samples. The results were similar, thereby providing satisfactory confirmation of both similarly positive and negative findings. No pesticides were found in the organic-farmed samples. In samples from integrated pest management practices, nine pesticides were determined and confirmed to be present, ranging from 2 μg kg−1 for fluazifop-pbutyl to 50 μg kg−1 for fenpropathrin. Concentrations of residues in strawberries were less than European maximum residue limits.

Viability of ceramic residues in lime-based mortars

3rd Historic Mortars Conference, 11-14 September 2013, Glasgow, Scotland

The influence of brick residues in the behaviour of lime mortars

XXXVI IAHS World Congress on Housing - National Housing Programs-New Visions, November 03–07, 2008, Kolkata, India

Crystallographic studies of proteins involved in the mRNA localization mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster and amidation of the peptidoglycan residues in Staphylococcus aureus

Part of the work described in this chapter, was the subject of the following publication: D. Vieira, T. a. Figueiredo, A. Verma, R. G. Sobral, A. M. Ludovice, H. de Lencastre, and J. Trincao, “Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of GatD, a glutamine amidotransferase-like protein from Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan,” Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Commun., vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 1–4, Apr. 2014.

Exploring chemical conversions in metabolic networks by tracing atoms transitions

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioinformática

Chemical functionalization in bionanoparticles

Dissertação de mestrado em Biofísica e Bionanossistemas

Factores tecnológicos que inciden sobre la residualidad de plaguicidas en granos de soja. Technological factors affecting pesticide residues in soybean grains.

La producción de los cultivos está afectada por factores bióticos entre los que se destacan las enfermedades, malezas y plagas, por esto es de importancia el uso de plaguicidas que permitan mantener la producción. Sin embargo, estos productos constituyen un serio riesgo para la salud si no se aplican adecuadamente a fin de no dejar residuos en los granos. La introducción de marcos regulatorios cada vez más estrictos constituyen una barrera para las exportaciones actuales y futuras. El sistema agrícola-industrial argentino no cuenta aún con suficiente información para implementar las medidas adecuadas para prevenir la contaminación de granos con plaguicidas en pre y postcosecha. Se hipotetiza que la residualidad de plaguicidas en granos de soja en la Región Centro de Córdoba está influenciada por factores tanto tecnológicos como ambientales. La evaluación de la importancia relativa de estos factores permite sugerir estrategias de manejo adecuadas para asegurar niveles de residuos por debajo de los límites máximos permitidos. Se plantea como objetivo general identificar los factores tecnológicos (tecnología del cultivo, propiedades fisico-químicas de los plaguicidas, tecnología de aplicación) y sus interacciones, que inciden a campo y en postcosecha sobre el nivel de residuos de insecticidas en granos de soja, en la Región Centro de Córdoba. Como objetivos específicos se pretende cuantificar los residuos que generan las aplicaciones habituales de insecticidas, evaluar la influencia de los diferentes factores tecnológicos y sus interacciones sobre los niveles de residuos y adecuar curvas de disipación de plaguicidas a las condiciones de la región. También aportar conocimientos e información sobre el tema y sugerir prácticas de manejo que reduzcan los niveles de residuos, asegurando la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos. Para el logro de estos objetivos se realizarán ensayos de evaluación de insecticidas a campo y en postcosecha en la localidad de Manfredi, Provincia de Córdoba, durante dos temporadas agrícolas. Se evaluarán distintas dosis y momentos de aplicación de los insecticidas endosulfán, clorpirifós+cipermetrina y fenitrotión en los ensayos a campo y fenitrotión, esfenvalerato, clorpirifós, deltametrina, DDVP y pirimifós metil en postcosecha. Con endosulfan se realizarán ensayos adecuados para el desarrollo de curvas de disipación. La determinación de residuos de plaguicidas se realizará utilizando determinación de multiresiduos a través cromatografía. Las curvas de disipación para endosulfan se ajustarán a través de modelos no lineales. Los conocimientos e información respecto a la influencia de los factores tecnológicos y sus interacciones sobre el nivel de residuos de plaguicidas en granos de soja, generados como resultados del presente proyecto, serán de utilidad para enriquecer las bases científico-técnicas en el tema y enfrentar el problema de la contaminación de granos con plaguicidas. Identificar la influencia de los factores tecnológicos y sus interacciones permitirá desarrollar prácticas de manejo tendientes a obtener productos con un nivel de residuos por debajo de los límites permitidos. La adecuación de curvas de disipación de plaguicidas a la Región Centro de Córdoba, permitirá efectuar predicciones sobre el contenido de residuos a causa de un tratamiento en un momento dado, conocer la importancia de las distintas variables y la posibilidad de variarlas para disminuir el nivel de residuos en los granos. Es importante profundizar sobre este tema ya que no existe la cantidad de información suficiente para enfrentar el problema de la contaminación por plaguicidas en nuestros sistemas productivos. Esta información es necesaria para poder garantizar la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos tanto para el comercio interno como externo, asegurando la permanencia de los productos argentinos en los mercados internacionales.

Analysis of organic volatile residues in 9 mm spent cartridges

Determining the time since discharge of spent cartridges found on a crime scene may be very useful in firearm investigations. The potential of small calibre munitions was barely studied before and this work did therefore focus on that problematic. The first step was to optimize the detection potential of solidphase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS). This allowed determining the organic volatile composition of empty cartridges immediately after a gunshot. Identification of 32 detected compounds was confirmed by the analysis of reference substances. Preliminary aging studies over 32 hours were carried out on selected target compounds to evaluate their potential for the dating of shotguns.

Biological monitoring of exposure to solvents using the chemical itself in urine: application to toluene

Objective Biomonitoring of solvents using the unchanged substance in urine as exposure indicator is still relatively scarce due to some discrepancies between the results reported in the literature. Based on the assessment of toluene exposure, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of some steps likely to bias the results and to measure urinary toluene both in volunteers experimentally exposed and in workers of rotogravure factories. Methods Static headspace was used for toluene analysis. o-Cresol was also measured for comparison. Urine collection, storage and conservation conditions were studied to evaluate possible loss or contamination of toluene in controlled situations applied to six volunteers in an exposure chamber according to four scenarios with exposure at stable levels from 10 to 50 ppm. Kinetics of elimination of toluene were determined over 24 h. A field study was then carried out in a total of 29 workers from two rotogravure printing facilities. Results Potential contamination during urine collection in the field is confirmed to be a real problem but technical precautions for sampling, storage and analysis can be easily followed to control the situation. In the volunteers at rest, urinary toluene showed a rapid increase after 2 h with a steady level after about 3 h. At 47.1 ppm the mean cumulated excretion was about 0.005% of the amount of the toluene ventilated. Correlation between the toluene levels in air and in end of exposure urinary sample was excellent (r = 0.965). In the field study, the median personal exposure to toluene was 32 ppm (range 3.6-148). According to the correlations between environmental and biological monitoring data, the post-shift urinary toluene (r = 0.921) and o-cresol (r = 0.873) concentrations were, respectively, 75.6 mu g/l and 0.76 mg/g creatinine for 50 ppm toluene personal exposure. The corresponding urinary toluene concentration before the next shift was 11 mu g/l (r = 0.883). Conclusion Urinary toluene was shown once more time a very interesting surrogate to o-cresol and could be recommended as a biomarker of choice for solvent exposure. [Authors]

The use of methylamphetamine chemical profiling in an intelligence-led perspective and the observation of inhomogeneity within seizures

This study focuses on methylamphetamine (MA) seizures made by the Australian Federal Police (AFP) to investigate the use of chemical profiling in an intelligence perspective. Correlation coefficients were used to obtain a similarity degree between a population of linked samples and a population of unlinked samples. Although it was demonstrated that a general framework can be followed for the use of any forensic case data in an intelligence-led perspective, threshold values have to be re-evaluated for each type of illicit drug investigated. Unlike the results obtained in a previous study on 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) seizures, chemical profiles of MA samples coming from the same seizure showed relative inhomogeneity, limiting their ability to link seizures. Different hypotheses were investigated to obtain a better understanding of this inhomogeneity although no trend was observed. These findings raise an interesting discussion in regards to the homogeneity and representativeness of illicit drug seizures (for intelligence purposes). Further, it also provides some grounds to discuss the initial hypotheses and assumptions that most forensic science studies are based on.