Triterpenes from Maytenus macrocarpa and evaluation of their anti-HIV activity

A set of pentacyclic triterpenes has been isolated from the bark of Maytenus macrocarpa (Celastraceae). It includes two new olean-12-ene derivatives, namely 3 beta, 22(alpha-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-30-oic acid (1) and 22 alpha-hydroxy-olean-12-en-3-oxo-30-oic acid (2), and the new urs-12-ene derivative 3-(E)-coumaroyluvaol (7), along with 10 known compounds possessing olean-12ene, urs-12-ene, lupane and friedelane skeletons. The structures have been elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including ID- and 2D-NMR experiments, as well as ESI-MS analysis. All isolated compounds were tested for anti-HIV activity in C8166 cells infected with HIV-1(MN), the most active compound was 22(alpha-hydroxy-12-en-3-oxo-29-oic acid (triterpenonic acid A, 4), with an EC50 value of I mu g/mL and a selectivity index of 35.

Biosynthesis of friedelane and quinonemethide triterpenoids is compartmentalized in Maytenus aquifolium and Salacia campestris

Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae) and Salacia campestris (Hippocrateaceae) species accumulate friedelane and quinonemethide triterpenoids in their leaves and root bark, respectively. Enzymatic extracts obtained from leaves displayed cyclase activity with conversion of the substrate oxidosqualene to the triterpenes, 3 beta -friedelanol and friedelin. In addition, administration of (+/-)5-H-3 mevalonolactone in leaves of M. aquifolium seedlings produced radio labelled friedelin in the leaves, twigs and stems, while the root bark accumulated labelled maytenin and pristimerin. These experiments indicated that the triterpenes once biosynthesized in the leaves are translocated to the root bark and further transformed to the antitumoral quinonemethide triterpenoids. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bioactive sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Maytenus aquifolium

Two new sesquiterpene evoninate alkaloids, were isolated together with the known compounds syringaresinol and 4'-O-methyl-(-)-epigallocatechin from the root bark of Maytenus aquifolium. The structures of the two alkaloids were elucidated by interpretation of their spectral data, and both exhibited very weak activity in a mechanism-based DNA-modifying yeast assay. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Constituintes de Sorocea bomplandii Baillon

The chemical investigation of the leaves of Sorocea bomplandii Baillon (Moraceae) led to the identification of pentacyclic triterpenes, fatty acid ester and isoprenoids. Chromatographyc comparison between the infusion S. bomplandii with that of Maytenus aquifolium - a Celastraceae with proved antiulcer activity - has shown that they have different compositions: the first one is based on sugars and the last one is based on flavonoid glycosides.

Further sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids from Maytenus aquifolium

Two new sesquiterpene evoninate alkaloids, aquifoliunine E-III and aquifoliunine E-IV, were isolated from the root bark of Maytenus aquifolium. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including ES-MS.

Application of on-line C30 RP-HPLC-NMR for the analysis of flavonoids from leaf extract of Maytenus aquifolium

The application of on-line C30-reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is described for the analysis of tetraglycosylated flavonoids in aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae). Triacontyl stationary phases showed adequate separation for on-line 1H-NMR measurements at 600 MHz and allowed the characterisation of these flavonoids by detection of both aromatic and anomeric proton signals. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.

Características anatômicas de espinheira-santa (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek e Maytenus aquifolia Mart.) e mata-olho (Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) Burg. Lanj. & Boer.) para o controle de qualidade da matéria prima

Maytenus ilicifolia and Maytenus aquifolia (Celastraceae) both designated espinheira-santa have proven anti-ulcer activity. Morphologic similarities between leaves of espinheira-santa and mata-olho (Sorocea bonplandii), has motivated fakes in the market of phytotherapy. The present work consisted of the anatomical study, including stem and leaf, of the species M. ilicifolia, M. aquifolia and S. bomplandii. Samples of adult leaves and stem of plants located in the cities of Maringá and Marialva were collected. Both are located in the northwest region of Paraná State. The botanical material was prepared with using usual techniques of anatomy. The leaves of both Maytenus species presented great similarities, characterizing itself for the presence of epidermal cells with straight walls, biseriate palisade tissue, petiole vascular system represented by unique amphicribal bundle and sclereids, which were present in the stems of these two species. S. bomplandii leaves differed of Maytenus species for presenting epidermal cells with undulated walls, uniserite palisade tissue, petiole vascular system represented by many collateral bundles and gelatinous fibres. Non-glandular trichomes, glandular trichomes, and laticifer only occur in S. bomplandii.

Profile of Maytenus aquifolium action over free radicals and reactive oxygen species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical species have been implicated in initiating, accompanying or causing many diseases in living organisms; there is thus, a continual need for antioxidants molecules to inactivate ROS/free radicals. Many studies of plants crude extracts have demonstrated free-radical scavenging and antioxidant action. Maytenus species have long been used, in several countries, as traditional medicines against gastric ulcers, dyspepsia and others gastric problems and for their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae) root bark ethanol extract was assessed for its ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The results were expressed as percentage inhibition of the active species. The extract was efficient against studied reactive species: DPPH radical (obtained inhibition = 35.5 ± 1.3 %), ABTS.+ (IC50 = 0.0036 ± 0.0003 mg/mL), HOCl (IC50 = 0.002 ± 0.0001 mg/mL), O2 .- (obtained inhibition = 36.0 ± 2.1 %), and NO. (obtained inhibition = 18.3 ± 0.4 %). Uniterms Oxidant species Free radicals Maytenus aquifolium Oxidative damage.

Genotoxicity of the medicinal plant Maytenus robusta in mammalian cells in vivo.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano de Pouteria spp. e de triterpenos quinonametídeos com enfoque no Helicobacter pylori

Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - FCFAR

Estudo químico de chás brasileiros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cell cultures of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. are richer sources of quinone-methide triterpenoids than plant roots in natura

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Identificação simultânea de triterpenos quinonametídeos e alcalóides piridínicos sesquiterpênicos em Maytenus ilicifolia por CLAE - DAD

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo de isolamento e a identificação dos principais metabólitos especiais presentes nas raízes de Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae). O estudo fitoquímico das cascas das raízes da planta adulta e das raízes da planta jovem resultou no isolamento de quatro substâncias pertencentes a duas diferentes classes de metabólitos especiais, incluindo os alcalóides piridínicos sesquiterpênicos, aquifoliunina E-I e a maiteina e os triterpenos quinonametídeos, pristimerina e maitenina. Este estudo mostrou que o acúmulo desses metabólitos são dependentes do ciclo de desenvolvimento da planta. A análise desses metabólitos por espectrometria de massas permitiu identificar íons de fragmentação característicos dos alcalóides piridínicos sesquiterpênicos e dos triterpenos quinonametídeos. A otimização cromatográfica e análise qualitativa por CLAE-DAD permitiu identificar os alcalóides piridínicos sesquiterpênicos, aquifoliunina E-I, maiteina; e os triterpenos quinonametídeos, pristimerina e maitenina, presentes no extrato de raízes da planta jovem como principais metabólitos constitutivos

Corte foliar e tempo de transplantio para o uso de plântulas do sub-bosque na restauração florestal

O uso de plântulas da regeneração natural tem sido recomendado como estratégia para produção de mudas visando à restauração florestal, contudo muitos aspectos técnicos desse método ainda carecem de investigação científica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da redução da área foliar e do transplantio imediato na sobrevivência e crescimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas produzidas a partir de plântulas obtidas da regeneração natural. Plântulas de Esenbeckia leiocarpa (Rutaceae), Eugenia ligustrina (Myrtaceae) e Maytenus salicifolia (Celastraceae), obtidas em remanescente de vegetação secundária de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em Bofete, SP, foram extraídas do solo e submetidas aos tratamentos: I) redução de 50% da área de cada folha e transplantio imediato; II) nenhuma redução de área das folhas e transplantio imediato; III) redução de 50% da área de cada folha, manutenção das plântulas em água e transplantio 24 h após a coleta; e IV) nenhuma redução de área das folhas, manutenção das plântulas em água e transplantio 24 h após a coleta. As mudas foram avaliadas com relação à sobrevivência e ao crescimento em altura, ao longo de oito meses. Os resultados evidenciaram que nem o corte das folhas ou a manutenção das plântulas dentro de recipientes com água por 24 h antes do transplantio afetaram os parâmetros avaliados. Assim, para as espécies estudadas a redução da área foliar e o transplantio imediato são desnecessários para a produção de mudas em viveiro a partir de plântulas obtidas da regeneração natural.

Contribución al estudio fitosociológico de rodales de Maytenus boaria (Celastráceas) en Mendoza

Los rodales de Maytenus boaria en la cordillera de Mendoza constituyen relictos arbóreos en riesgo. Se realizaron relevamientos fitosociológicos de estos en quebradas de la Cordillera Frontal. Se observaron bosques puros en laderas y mixtos en terrazas. Los rodales puros se localizaron por encima de 1500 m s. n. m. en: 1) quebradas cerradas en umbrías y solanas en ambientes fríos, que corresponden al piso de Mulguraea scoparia y Colliguaja integerrima; las condiciones más frías de umbría son evidenciadas por Junellia juniperina, Bowlesia tropaeolifolia, Gutierrezia gilliesii, Mutisia subspinosa, Ephedra breana, Geranium berteroanum y Calceolaria pinifolia; las condiciones más cálidas de solana por Schinus fasciculatus, Lycium chilense y Buddleja mendozensis; 2) valles abiertos en umbrías en ambientes frescos donde crecen las especies del Monte: L. chilense, Baccharis salicifolia, Larrea nitida y Proustia cuneifolia; estas tres últimas junto con Eupatorium buniifolium indican mayor disponibilidad de agua en laderas y terrazas. En los ambientes frescos se relevaron también los bosques mixtos de M. boaria y Ochetophila trinervis con Rosa rubiginosa, P. cuneifolia, E. buniifolium en terrazas por debajo de 1500 m s. n. m. Son bosques azonales que constituyen rodales aislados de escasa extensión en sitios con alta disponibilidad de agua.