Anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule de Lippia salviaefolia Cham. E Aegiphila sellowiana Cham.(Verbenaceae) de área de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

Estudo da herança da resistência ao crestamento gomoso do caule em melancia

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Anatomia do lenho de caule e raiz de plantas jovens de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VELL.) Morong (Fabaceae-mimosoideae) crescendo em diferentes condições edáficas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Antraquinonas e naftoquinonas do caule de um espécime de reflorestamento de Tectona grandi (Verbenaceae)

O fracionamento do extrato hexânico do caule de um espécime de reflorestamento de Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae), através de procedimentos fitoquímicos clássicos, levou ao isolamento das naftoquinonas lapachol e desidro-a-lapachona e das antraquinonas tectoquinona e obtusifolina. As estruturas das substâncias foram caracterizadas através da análise de métodos espectrométricos de RMN. Este é o primeiro estudo fitoquímico de um espécime de reflorestamento de Tectona grandis, no Brasil, sendo o objetivo principal deste trabalho a comprovação da presença de tectoquinona em espécimes cultivados.

Atividade anti-Helicobacter pylori de extratos hidroetanólicos de caule e folhas de Astronium fraxinifolium e Astronium graveolens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Potencial anti-Helicobacter pylori de extratos hidroetanólicos de caule e folhas de Astronium urundeuva

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo fitoquímico dos extratos de folhas, galhos e cascas do caule de Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth para testes de potencial de cosmético funcional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Composição química da folha e do caule de Calamintha baetica

A área das plantas aromáticas e medicinais teve uma dinâmica de crescimento notável nos últimos anos incentivada pela procura de novos produtos bioativos mas também como fonte de nutrientes. O género Calamintha pertence à família Lamiaceae e em Portugal o seu uso está intrinsecamente associado às suas propriedades aromáticas, condimentares, ornamentais ou medicinais, tendo como exemplos a Salvia (salva), Ocimum (manjericão), Origanum (orégão), Mentha (hortelã), Romarinus (alecrim), Melissa (erva cidreira) e Calamintha (erva-das-azeitonas). A espécie da planta Calamintha baetica Boiss et Heldr encontra-se largamente distribuída pela região do Mediterrâneo e é considerada uma espécie pioneira colonizadora, principalmente de prados secos; de berma dos caminhos rurais, de terrenos selvagens na orla dos pinhais. As folhas produzem um aroma agradável, entre hortelã e orégãos, sendo muito apreciadas para temperos na cozinha e para fazer infusões. Em alguns lugares é usada para temperar azeitona e talvez por isso seja também conhecida por erva-das-azeitonas, mas também é designada por nêveda ou calaminta. Neste trabalho pretende-se caracterizar a folha e o caule da espécie C. baetica no que respeita à sua composição química. Para o efeito quantificaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: humidade, cinzas, gordura, proteínas, hidratos de carbono e valor energético e também se estudou o perfil em ácidos gordos por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um detetor de ionização de chama (GC/FID). A amostra de folha de C. baetica revelou uma maior percentagem em proteína, com 11,81% (m.s.) e o caule em hidratos de carbono, com 20,54%. No que respeita a teores em gordura, a amostra de folha evidenciou valores ligeiramente superiores (3,30%, m.s.) aos do caule (1,13%, m.s.). A análise por cromatografia gasosa permitiu identificar três ácidos gordos maioritários (% relativas), entre os quais os polinsaturados α-linolénico, com 69,11% e 44,93% e o linoleico com 10,03% e 23,83% e ainda o saturado palmítico, com 11,55% e 17,09% para a amostra de folha e caule, respetivamente.

Fisionomia e organização da vegetação do carrasco no planalto da Ibiapaba, estado do Ceará

Is the carrasco on the Ibiapaba plateau a unique plant formation? To answer this question the vertical height (except of climbers) and the stem basal diameter (from 3cm on) of woody plants were measured, and soil extracts (0-50 and 50-100cm depth) were taken from 100 random plots (10x10m) at Jaburuna (3º54'34S and 40º59'24W, altitudes near 830m), municipality of Ubajara, Ceará State. Data on climate, soil, diameter height, density, basal area, and physiognomy were compared with those surveyed by other researchers from the carrasco, caatinga, and cerrado in Northeastern Brazil. The carrasco occurs under an annual rainfall of between 668 and 1,289mm and temperatures from 22 to 24ºC, on alic Quartz Sand soils, at altitudes between 700 and 900m: it has a larger density and a smaller basal area than the caatinga and the cerrado, small and similar diameters, and an average vertical height between 3,7 and 5,4m. It differs from the caatinga, cerrado (and cerradão) and secondary forest in many items of lhe ecotope, organization and physiognomy, thus being a unique plain formation, which can be characterized as a deciduous, high, closed, and unistratified shrubland intermingled by lianas, with an irregular canopy and sparse, emergent trees.

Caracterização morfoanatômica e histoquímica de Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.f. Macbr. (Lythraceae)

Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. is an herb, which occurs preferably in wet places. Amongst other species of the genus, C. carthagenensis is distinguished for its great chemical potential and frequent use in popular medicine. In this study the morphological and anatomical structures were identified, as well as the histochemical characterization was done. Samples of root, stem and leaves were collected from adult plants. This material was processed for anatomical and histochemical analysis in light microscopy and for morphological analysis, in scanning electron microscopy. Important morphological and anatomical considerations were added for C. carthagenensis, such as: the occurrence of aerenchymatous phellem with suberized layers; the types of trichomes present in the vegetative organs, the characterization of secretory trichomes, as well as the secreted substances. The groups of secondary metabolites presents in the root, stem and leaf of C. carthagenensis with more intense histochemical reaction were: proanthocyanidins, phenolic compounds, acids polysaccharides (mucilage especially) and lipids.

Origin of successive cambia on stem in three species of Menispermaceae

The lianas observed in this study, Abuta convexa (Vell.) Diels, Abuta imene (Mart.) Eichler, and Chondrodendron platiphyllum (A. St.-Hil.) Miers, all have successive cambia in their stems. The terminology applied to stem histology in species with successive cambia is as diverse as the interpretations of the origins of this cambial variant. Therefore, this study specifically investigates the origin of successive cambia through a developmental analysis of the above-mentioned species, including an analysis of the terminology used to describe this cambial variation. For the first time, we have identified several developmental stages giving rise to the origins of successive cambia in this family. First, the pericycle originates in 1-3 layers of conjunctive tissue. After the differentiation of the first ring, the conjunctive tissue undergoes new divisions, developing approximately 10 rows of parenchyma cells. In the middle portion, a layer of sclereids is formed, again subdividing the conjunctive tissue into two parts: internal and external. New cambia originate in the internal part, from which new secondary vascular strands will originate, giving rise to the second successive vascular ring of the stem. The external part remains parenchymatous during the installation of the second ring and will undergo new periclinal division, repeating the entire process. New cambia will originate from the neoformed strands, which will form only rays. In the literature, successive cambia are formed by a meristem called "diffuse lateral meristem."However, based on the species of Menispermaceae studied in this report, it is demonstrated that the diffuse lateral meristem is the pericycle itself.

Polyamine patterns in haploid and diploid tobacco tissues and in vitro cultures

The aim of this work was to determine PAs levels in pith tissues and callus cultures from haploid and diploid tobacco plants, explanted from the apical and basal regions of the stem. These explants were cultured in an RM-64 medium supplied with IAA and kinetin, under light or in the dark, during successive subcultures. PAs levels followed a basipetal decrease in diploid and an increase in haploid, pith tissues. A similar pattern of total PAs (free + conjugated) was observed for the callus of diploid and haploid plants maintained in the light, and for the haploid callus in the dark, whereas the diploid callus in the dark showed a constant increase in total PAs levels until the end of culture. The PA increase in the diploid callus in the dark was related to free Put levels increase. The ploidy status of the plants could express different PA gradients together with the plant pith and in vitro callus cultures.

Morpho-Anatomical Analysis of the Rhizome in Species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae) from Serra do Cipó (MG)

Aspects related to the nature of stem thickening in monocotyledons have been the subject of many studies. Primary thickening has been attributed to the Primary Thickening Meristem (PTM). According to most authors, it gives rise, besides the adventitious roots, to the vascular tissues and part of the cortex. In other words, it has centripetal and centrifugal activity. For some authors, however, it gives rise only to the vascular system, and for others, only to part of the cortex. However, this work demonstrated that PTM corresponds to the pericycle in the meristematic phase or to the pericycle associated with the endodermis, also with meristematic activity. It was observed that the pericycle was responsible for the formation of the vascular system of the rhizome and of the adventitious roots; the endodermis gave rise to cell layers with radial disposition which comprised the inner portion of the stem cortex, and which corresponded to the region known as the derivatives of the meristematic endodermis (DME). A continuity was also demonstrated between the tissues of the stem and root in species of Scleria Berg. (Cyperaceae).

Primary and secondary thickening in the stem of Cordyline fruticosa (Agavaceae)

The growth in thickness of monocotyledon stems can be either primary, or primary and secondary. Most of the authors consider this thickening as a result of the PTM (Primary Thickening Meristem) and the STM (Secondary Thickening Meristem) activity. There are differences in the interpretation of which meristem would be responsible for primary thickening. In Cordyline fruticosa the procambium forms two types of vascular bundles: collateral leaf traces (with proto and metaxylem and proto and metaphloem), and concentric cauline bundles (with metaxylem and metaphloem). The procambium also forms the pericycle, the outermost layer of the vascular cylinder consisting of smaller and less intensely colored cells that are divided irregularly to form new vascular bundles. The pericycle continues the procambial activity, but only produces concentric cauline bundles. It was possible to conclude that the pericycle is responsible for the primary thickening of this species. Further away from the apex, the pericyclic cells undergo periclinal divisions and produce a meristematic layer: the secondary thickening meristem. The analysis of serial sections shows that the pericycle and STM are continuous in this species, and it is clear that the STM originates in the pericycle.The endodermis is acknowledged only as the innermost layer of the cortex.