Unusual labial glands in snakes of the genus Geophis Wagler, 1830 ( Serpentes: Dipsadinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contribuições na modelagem dinâmica e no controle neural de um braço robótico com elos flexíveis

Em geral, estruturas espaciais e manipuladores robóticos leves têm uma característica similar e inerente que é a flexibilidade. Esta característica torna a dinâmica do sistema muito mais complexa e com maiores dificuldades para a análise de estabilidade e controle. Então, braços robóticos bastantes leves, com velocidade elevada e potencia limitada devem considerar o controle de vibração causada pela flexibilidade. Por este motivo, uma estratégia de controle é desejada não somente para o controle do modo rígido mas também que seja capaz de controlar os modos de vibração do braço robótico flexível. Também, redes neurais artificiais (RNA) são identificadas como uma subespecialidade de inteligência artificial. Constituem atualmente uma teoria para o estudo de fenômenos complexos e representam uma nova ferramenta na tecnologia de processamento de informação, por possuírem características como processamento paralelo, capacidade de aprendizagem, mapeamento não-linear e capacidade de generalização. Assim, neste estudo utilizam-se RNA na identificação e controle do braço robótico com elos flexíveis. Esta tese apresenta a modelagem dinâmica de braços robóticos com elos flexíveis, 1D no plano horizontal e 2D no plano vertical com ação da gravidade, respectivamente. Modelos dinâmicos reduzidos são obtidos pelo formalismo de Newton-Euler, e utiliza-se o método dos elementos finitos (MEF) na discretização dos deslocamentos elásticos baseado na teoria elementar da viga. Além disso, duas estratégias de controle têm sido desenvolvidas com a finalidade de eliminar as vibrações devido à flexibilidade do braço robótico com elos flexíveis. Primeiro, utilizase um controlador neural feedforward (NFF) na obtenção da dinâmica inversa do braço robótico flexível e o calculo do torque da junta. E segundo, para obter precisão no posicionamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Otimização do braço inferior da suspensão dianteira do veículo Baja utilizando o método dos elementos finitos

Mass reduction coupled with the mechanical performance in service has been the goal of many projects related to the transport area, considering the advantages that mass reduction can bring. However, make a simple material substitution without design a new geometry to corroborate for the best component performance, often makes the replacement unviable. In this study, it was investigated the advantages of replacing the prototype BAJA SAE front suspension lower arm of Equipe Piratas do Vale de BAJA SAE - Universidade Paulista, Campus Guaratinguetá, actually produced with steel, for a new component made of carbon fiber composite. The new geometry has been developed to provide the best possible performance for this component and your easy manufacturing. The study was done using the 3D modeling tools and computer simulations via finite element method. The first stage of this work consisted on calculation of the estimated maximum contact force tire / soil in a prototype landing after jump at one meter high, drop test in the laboratory with the current vehicle, current front suspension lower arm 3D modeling, finite element simulation and analysis of critical regions. After all current component analysis, a new geometry for the part in study was designed and simulated in order to reduce the component mass and provide a technological innovation using composite materials. With this work it was possible to obtain a theoretical component mass reduction of 25,15% maintaining the mechanical strength necessary for the appropriated component performance when incited

Chauliocheilos saxatilis, a new genus and species of Hypoptopomatinae from rio Jequitinhonha basin, with a unique labial appendix (Teleostei: Loricariidae)

Chauliocheilos saxatilis, new genus and species, is described from headwater streams of the rio Itamarandiba, upper rio Jequitinhonha basin, southeastern Brazil. The new genus is diagnosed from all other Loricariidae members by having a unique labial appendix at laterodorsal portion of lower lip, associated to the proximal region of insertion of the maxillary barbel. From all Hypoptopomatinae genera, Chauliocheilos can be distinguished by having two additional series of lateral plates, one between the dorsal and mid-dorsal series, and the other between the mid-ventral and ventral series. In addition, the great number of lateral plates, the absence of the iris operculum, and the posterior dorsal-fin insertion contacting the neural spine of eighth vertebra, are other useful features to recognize the genus. The phylogenetic position of Chauliocheilos among the Hypoptopomatinae, as well as the morphology and possible functions of the labial appendix, are discussed.

Relação entre área do braço, área do músculo, área de gordura do braço e a menarca em adolescentes do município de Botucatu

The authors show the relations among arm circumference, arm muscle and arm fat areas with or without menarche, by carrying out an anthropometric study in 717 adolescents in the municipality of Botucatu. It must be emphasized that those adolescents who had already menstruated presented significantly higher nutritional indicators than those who had not menstruated yet. There was an increase in fat tissue and lean body mass in those adolescents who had already menstruated. Body changes might be expressed by calculating muscle and arm fat areas using triceps skinfold and arm circumference.

Anatomia e imagenologia do braço e da coxa da Paca (Cuniculus paca, Linaeus 1776) para determinação do acesso cirúrgico à diáfise do úmero e do fêmur

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação do stent coronário eluidor de everolimus XIENCE TM V na cpopulação feminina latino-americana do estudo de braço único SPIRIT Women: acompanhamento clínico de um ano

INTRODUÇÃO: Os estudos com stents farmacológicos têm avaliado predominantemente populações masculinas de descendência europeia. O estudo de braço único SPIRIT Women avalia o stent eluidor de everolimus XIENCE TM V em lesões de novo complexas em uma população feminina do mundo real, incluindo pacientes latino-americanas. Esta análise permite compreender como essa população responde ao implante de stent, comparativamente a pacientes não-latino-americanas. MÉTODOS: Das 1.572 pacientes matriculadas em 73 locais fora dos Estados Unidos, 138 (9%) foram recrutadas na Argentina, no Brasil e na Venezuela. RESULTADOS: As lesões-alvo tinham diâmetro de referência do vaso entre 2,25 mm e 4 mm e extensão da lesão ≤ 28 mm. As características basais foram semelhantes entre os grupos, com exceção de maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial, infarto do miocárdio (IM) de parede anterior e história familiar de doença arterial coronária na coorte latino-americana. As lesões tendiam a ser mais complexas em mulheres latino-americanas, com menor diâmetro de referência do vaso-alvo, maior extensão da lesão, maior excentricidade e angulação e mais lesões tipo B2/C. Os eventos foram adjudicados de acordo com as definições do Academic Research Consortium. Em um ano, o desfecho combinado de morte por todas as causas, IM e revascularização do vaso-alvo (RVA) foi de 12,1% na população não-latino-americana e de 10,1% na população latino-americana (P = 0,58). CONCLUSÕES: Em um ano, os baixos índices de eventos cardíacos adversos, incluindo trombose do stent, falha da lesão-alvo, morte cardíaca, IM e RVA nas mulheres latino-americanas foram comparáveis aos das mulheres não-latino-americanas, apesar da maior complexidade das lesões. Esses resultados demonstram a segurança e a eficácia do stent XIENCE TM V nessa pequena coorte de pacientes latino-americanas, à semelhança do que é observado com populações maiores e mais variadas.

Gingival labial recessions in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals: a case - control study

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term development of labial gingival recessions during orthodontic treatment and retention phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, the presence of gingival recession was scored (Yes or No) on plaster models of 100 orthodontic patients (cases) and 120 controls at the age of 12 (T12 ), 15 (T15 ), 18 (T18 ), and 21 (T21 ) years. In the treated group, T12 reflected the start of orthodontic treatment and T15 - the end of active treatment and the start of retention phase with bonded retainers. Independent t-tests, Fisher's exact tests and a fitted two-part "hurdle" model were used to identify the effect of orthodontic treatment/retention on recessions. RESULTS The proportion of subjects with recessions was consistently higher in cases than controls. Overall, the odds ratio for orthodontic patients as compared with controls to have recessions is 4.48 (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 2.61-7.70). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of the present research design, orthodontic treatment and/or the retention phase may be risk factors for the development of labial gingival recessions. In orthodontically treated subjects, mandibular incisors seem to be the most vulnerable to the development of gingival recessions.

Development of labial gingival recessions in orthodontically treated patients

INTRODUCTION Our aim was to assess the prevalence of gingival recessions in patients before, immediately after, and 2 and 5 years after orthodontic treatment. METHODS Labial gingival recessions in all teeth were scored (yes or no) by 2 raters on initial, end-of-treatment, and posttreatment (2 and 5 years) plaster models of 302 orthodontic patients (38.7% male; 61.3% female) selected from a posttreatment archive. Their mean ages were 13.6 years (SD, 3.6; range, 9.5-32.7 years) at the initial assessment, 16.2 years (SD, 3.5; range, 11.7-35.1 years) at the end of treatment, 18.6 years (SD, 3.6; range, 13.7-37.2 years) at 2 years posttreatment, and 21.6 (SD, 3.5; range, 16.6-40.2 years) at 5 years posttreatment. A recession was noted (scored "yes") if the labial cementoenamel junction was exposed. All patients had a fixed retainer bonded to either the mandibular canines only (type I) or all 6 mandibular front teeth (type II). RESULTS There was a continuous increase in gingival recessions after treatment from 7% at end of treatment to 20% at 2 years posttreatment and to 38% at 5 years posttreatment. Patients less than 16 years of age at the end of treatment were less likely to develop recessions than patients more than 16 years at the end of treatment (P = 0.013). The prevalence of recessions was not associated with sex (P = 0.462) or extraction treatment (P = 0.32). The type of fixed retainer did not influence the development of recessions in the mandibular front region (P = 0.231). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of gingival recessions steadily increases after orthodontic treatment. The recessions are more prevalent in older than in younger patients. No variable, except for age at the end of treatment, seems to be associated with the development of gingival recessions.

Gingival labial recessions and the post-treatment proclination of mandibular incisors

INTRODUCTION A prerequisite for development of gingival recession is the presence of alveolar bone dehiscence. Proclination of mandibular incisors can result in thinning of the alveolus and dehiscence formation. OBJECTIVE To assess an association between proclination of mandibular incisor and development of gingival recession. METHODS One hundred and seventeen subjects who met the following inclusion criteria were selected: 1. age 11-14 years at start of orthodontic treatment (TS), 2. bonded retainer placed immediately after treatment (T0), 3. dental casts and lateral cephalograms available pre-treatment (TS), post-treatment (T0), and 5 years post-treatment (T5), and 4. post-treatment (T0) lower incisor inclination (Inc_Incl) <95° or >100.5°. Two groups were formed: non-proclined (N = 57; mean Inc_Incl = 90.8°) and proclined (N = 60; mean Inc_Incl = 105.2°). Clinical crown heights of mandibular incisors and the presence of gingival recession sites in this region were assessed on plaster models. Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and regression models were computed for analysis of inter-group differences. RESULTS The mean increase of clinical crown heights (from T0 to T5) of mandibular incisors ranged from 0.75 to 0.83mm in the non-proclined and proclined groups, respectively (P = 0.273). At T5, gingival recession sites were present in 12.3% and 11.7% patients from the non-proclined and proclined groups, respectively. The difference was also not significant (P = 0.851). CONCLUSIONS The proclination of mandibular incisors did not increase a risk of development of gingival recession during five-year observation in comparison non-proclined teeth.