Manual of mutual instruction; consisting of Mr. Fowle's directions for introducing in common schools the improved system adopted in the Monitorial school, Boston. With an appendix, containing some considerations in favor of the monitorial method, and a sketch of its progress.

Mode of access: Internet.

Franco-American commerce. Statements and arguments in behalf of American industries against the proposed Franco-American commercial treaty; submitted to the special committee of the San Francisco Chamber of commerce, i conformity with the resolutions of the Chamber, passed June 13th, 1879.

Mode of access: Internet.

Vertikális korlátozások - növelik vagy csökkentik a jólétet? Érvek az irodalomból = Vertical constraints - do they increase or reduce welfare? Arguments in the literature

A vertikális korlátozások témaköre a versenypolitika és -szabályozás egyik legfontosabb, de mindenképpen legtöbb vitát generáló területe. A téma magyar irodalma elsősorban elméleti kérdésekkel foglalkozik, mellőzve a konkrét iránymutatásokat a probléma kezelésére. Először röviden bemutatjuk a vertikális korlátozások indokait és hatásmechanizmusát magyarázó teoretikus irodalmat, felsorolva azok hatékonyságnövelő hatását hangsúlyozó érvrendszereket, illetve a versenykorlátozás lehetőségét tárgyaló modelleket is. Ezután bemutatjuk, hogy milyen fontos empirikus vizsgálatokat végeztek ezen elméletek vizsgálatára, és milyen következtetések vonhatóak le a tapasztalatokból. _________ The field of vertical constraints is one of the most important in competition policy and regulation, but one that generates the most debate. Hungarian literature on the subject deals primarily with theoretical questions, refraining from offering specific guidelines for handling the problem. The paper first covers briefly the causes of the vertical constraints and the Hungarian theoretical literature on its effective mechanism, listing the system of arguments that point to its effect of increasing efficiency and the models that discuss the possibility of limiting competition. The paper then presents the major empirical examinations made of these theories and the conclusions drawn from that experience.

Jerome Kretchmer testifying at City Hall in favor of Intro 475 homosexual bill.

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

The Mobility Turn in the Social Science

The paper describes the latest upsurge in the interest in the different forms of mobility in the contemporary world. In the social science this process is often called the mobility turn. In the text it is argued that theoretical underpinnings of the mobility turn are rooted mainly in the different variants of theories of globalization. The text describes: mobility as one of the key elements in the varying concepts of globalization; ways in which mobility was analyzed in the globalization literature; main sources of the mobility turn; crucial arguments in favor of introducing “mobilities” as a separate field of research; and the most important critical remarks concerning the mobility turn.

Towards Conservation Agriculture systems in Moldova

As the world population and food production demands rise, keeping agricultural soils and landscapes healthy and productive are of paramount importance to sustaining local and global food security and the flow of ecosystem services to society. The global population, expected to reach 9.7 billion people by 2050, will put additional pressure on the available land area and resources for agricultural production. Sustainable production intensification for food security is a major challenge to both industrialized and developing countries. The paper focuses on the results from long-term multi-factorial experiments involving tillage practices, crop rotations and fertilization to study the interactions amongst the treatments in the context of sustainable production intensification. The paper discusses the results in relation to reported performance of crops and soil quality in Conservation Agriculture systems that are based on no or minimum soil disturbance (no-till seeding and weeding), maintenance of soil mulch cover with crop biomass and cover crops, and diversified cropping systems involving annuals and perennials. Conservation Agriculture also emphasizes the necessity of an agro-ecosystems approach to the management of agricultural land for sustainable production intensification, as well as to the site-specificity of agricultural production. Arguments in favor of avoiding the use of soil tillage are discussed together with agro-ecological principles for sustainable intensification of agriculture. More interdisciplinary systems research is required to support the transformation of agriculture from the conventional tillage agriculture to a more sustainable agriculture based on the principles and practices of Conservation Agriculture, along with other complementary practices of integrated crop, nutrient, water, pest, energy and farm power management.

Debt Maturity: Is Long-Term Debt Optimal?

We model and calibrate the arguments in favor and against short-term and long-term debt. These arguments broadly include: maturity premium, sustainability, and service smoothing. We use a dynamic-equilibrium model with tax distortions and government outlays uncertainty, and model maturity as the fraction of debt that needs to be rolled over every period. In the model, the benefits of defaulting are tempered by higher future interest rates. We then calibrate our artificial economy and solve for the optimal debt maturity for Brazil as an example of a developing country and the US as an example of a mature economy. We obtain that the calibrated costs from defaulting on long-term debt more than offset costs associated with short-term debt. Therefore, short-term debt implies higher welfare levels.

Nominal versus indexed debt: A quantitative horse race

The main arguments in favor and against nominal and indexed debts are the incentive to default through inflation versus hedging against unforeseen shocks. We model and calibrate these arguments to assess their quantitative importance. We use a dynamic equilibrium model with tax distortion, government outlays uncertainty, and contingent-debt service. Our framework also recognizes that contingent debt can be associated with incentive problems and lack of commitment. Thus, the benefits of unexpected inflation are tempered by higher interest rates. We obtain that costs from inflation more than offset the benefits from reducing tax distortions. We further discuss sustainability of nominal debt in developing (volatile) countries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relativizing Minimality for A-movement: phi- and theta-relations

This paper discusses two arguments raised against Hornstein`s (1999, 2001) Movement Theory of Control (MTC): Landau`s (2003) contrast between raising and passivized subject control predicates and Culicover and Jackendoff`s (2001) contrast between control and raising within nominals. I show that rather than counter-arguments, the data they present can actually be analyzed as arguments in favor of the MTC. More specifically, I argue that the puzzling contrasts discussed by these authors can be adequately accounted for within the MTC if minimality computations regarding A-movement are relativized in terms of phi- or theta-relations.

Prothese totale du genou aujourd'hui: que dire a nos patients? [Total knee arthroplasty today: what should we tell our patients?]

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains the preferred treatment for patients with invalidating osteoarthritis. It allows these patients to find once again a satisfactory quality of life. These results are reflected by the increasing number of interventions performed each year and in always younger patients. The objective of this review of the scientific literature was to determine the long-term quantitatively and qualitatively results of TKA and determine the parameters which could influence the long-term outcome. There does not seem to be any clear arguments in favor of one type of implant or surgical technique. One also notices that TKA in females and older patients seem to have longer lifespan, estimated to approximately 15 years. The most frequent complication remains aseptic loosening followed by infections.

A puzzle for philosophers

In the paper I tackle a puzzle by Goldberg (2009) that challenges all of us as philosophers. There are three plausible thesis, separately defensible, that together seem to lead to a contradiction: 1) Reliability is a necessary condition for epistemic justification. 2) On contested matters in philosophy, philosophers are not reliable. 3) At least some philosophical theses regarding contested matters in philosophy are epistemically justified. In this paper I will assess the status of the puzzle and attempt to solve it. In the first section, I'll present the puzzle with a little more detail. Secondly, I'll provide some general arguments to show that the alleged puzzle is not a legitimate one. Finally, in section 3, I will argue that even assuming that the puzzle can be coherently formulated, Goldberg's arguments in favor of premise (2) are either unsound or too limited in their scope in order to represent a significant or interesting problem for philosophers.

Défense et illustration de l'infinitisme épistémique

Ce mémoire se concentre sur le problème de la régression épistémique. Il s’agit d’un problème très important puisqu’il remet en question la possibilité de la justification. Nous nous intéresserons aux détails de ce problème, ainsi qu’aux réponses qui lui sont offertes. Traditionnellement, deux réponses sont concurrentes : le fondationnalisme et le cohérentisme. La première propose d’arrêter la régression à un fondement, alors que la seconde propose de s’intéresser à la cohérence partagée par les croyances. Toutefois, le but de notre mémoire est de présenter et de défendre une troisième solution : l’infinitisme. Introduite dans les années 1990 par Peter Klein, l’infinitisme est une des plus récentes théories de la justification et, malgré son intérêt, elle est encore très peu défendue. Cette théorie propose de résoudre le problème de la régression en basant la justification des croyances sur des séries infinies et non répétitives de raisons. Cette idée est intéressante, car l’infinitisme renverse le problème d’origine, puisque les régressions infinies sont généralement perçues comme étant un problème pour la connaissance et la source du scepticisme. Notre objectif est de montrer que l’infinitisme est la meilleure solution possible au problème de la régression. Pour ce faire, nous faisons la synthèse des principaux arguments pour l’infinitisme. Cela nous permettra de distinguer trois types d’infinitisme pour ensuite retenir un de ces types, une forme impure d’infinitisme, comme étant le meilleur. Finalement, nous confronterons l’infinitisme à ces critiques pour montrer qu’il s’agit d’une théorie de la justification qui est réellement viable.

Biocombustibles : una argumentación en construcción

Los biocombustibles o la materia orgánica del aserradero, la agricultura y los residuos transformados por un proceso químico en una fuente de energía, son ampliamente estudiados tras la década de los 70. Hoy son un tema de interés mundial guiado por los argumentos a favor y en contra de su producción y consumo.

Detención preventiva y responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado

El presente trabajo confronta los argumentos que justifican la limitación del derecho a la libertad persona con la detención preventiva, revisa los fundamentos de la responsabilidad objetiva del Estado por privación injusta de la libertad y recogen discusiones a favor de la reparación del daño a la vida de relación en estos casos.