Superando el concepto de nativo digital. Análisis de las prácticas digitales del estudiantado universitario

A lo largo de la última década, niños y jóvenes han sido etiquetados como nativos digitales. Se considera que cualquier persona nacida a partir de la década de los 80 es hablante nativo de una lengua digital basada en el uso de los ordenadores, los videojuegos e Internet. De todos modos, algunos autores cuestionan este concepto ¿se trata realmente de jóvenes que aprenden de modo distinto, o simplemente incorporan algunas herramientas y procedimientos nuevos a su forma de acceder a la información y socializarse? El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación (Usos de las TIC entre los estudiantes universitarios: perspectiva académica y social de los procesos de aprendizaje mediados. EDU2009-12125) centrada en el uso de las TIC que hacen los jóvenes universitarios de las diferentes universidades de Cataluña. Los resultados revelan distintos usos de las tecnologías, diferenciados por los ámbitos de uso y se alinean en las visiones críticas del concepto de nativo digital. La relevancia de los resultados apuntan a lineas emergentes de investigación para seguir mejorando la educación superior.

AMIDO DE MILHO E HIPOCLORITO DE SÓDIO NO ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DO ABACAXIZEIRO VITÓRIA E SEU EFEITO NA ACLIMATIZAÇÃO

Este trabalho objetivou reduzir o custo de produção dos meios de cultura pela substituição do ágar por amido de milho e da esterilização física em autoclave pela esterilização química com hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) em mudas de abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ propagadas in vitro. As brotações foram transferidas para meio de enraizamento composto pelos sais de MS, vitaminas de White, mioinositol e sacarose. O experimento foi instalado em DIC, em fatorial 3x2: meios geleificados com ágar (6,0 g L-1), amido de milho (60,0 g L-1) e ágar (3,0 g L-1) + amido de milho (30,0 g L-1), esterilizados em autoclave ou quimicamente com a fervura do meio e uso de NaClO a 0,05% para enxaguar a vidraria. Após um mês de enraizamento in vitro, parte das mudas foi avaliada quanto ao número de folhas e de raízes, e massas das matérias fresca e seca. O restante foi aclimatizado por 90 dias em casa de vegetação, ao final dos quais foram avaliados número de folhas, número de raízes, massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea, raízes e total, área foliar, altura e diâmetro da roseta. A fervura do meio + esterilização química das vidrarias não diferiu da autoclavagem para a maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, enquanto o amido de milho proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento das mudas, tanto in vitro quanto durante a aclimatização.

Superando el concepto de nativo digital. Análisis de las prácticas digitales del estudiantado universitario

A lo largo de la última década, niños y jóvenes han sido etiquetados como nativos digitales. Se considera que cualquier persona nacida a partir de la década de los 80 es hablante nativo de una lengua digital basada en el uso de los ordenadores, los videojuegos e Internet. De todos modos, algunos autores cuestionan este concepto ¿se trata realmente de jóvenes que aprenden de modo distinto, o simplemente incorporan algunas herramientas y procedimientos nuevos a su forma de acceder a la información y socializarse? El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación (Usos de las TIC entre los estudiantes universitarios: perspectiva académica y social de los procesos de aprendizaje mediados. EDU2009-12125) centrada en el uso de las TIC que hacen los jóvenes universitarios de las diferentes universidades de Cataluña. Los resultados revelan distintos usos de las tecnologías, diferenciados por los ámbitos de uso y se alinean en las visiones críticas del concepto de nativo digital. La relevancia de los resultados apuntan a lineas emergentes de investigación para seguir mejorando la educación superior.

Avaliação dos métodos de extração sequencial de Tessier, Keller e Miller na determinação de ferro nativo em três tipos de solos: orgânico, brunizem e latossolo

Sequential extraction is not totally effective to dissolve distinct forms of trace elements. The extractive solution, for example, can dissolve less of the target fraction and more than another not wished fraction. The goal of this work is to compare the extraction of native iron with three sequential extraction methods of the heavy metals, using three soils with different physical chemistry characteristics: a histosol, an oxisol, and a mollisol. The results obtained in this work demonstrate that a smaller relation soil/extractor results in a larger extraction in almost all phases. The use of many stages of the sequential extraction, with the purpose of more association of the metal with different components of the soil, can result, among other things, in modification of the substratum by the action of the reagents used, besides reducing the selectivity of the more specific extractors. Readsorption and redistribution of the heavy metals could have happened with larger intensity in the fraction where hidroxilamine was used with higher temperature. Sequential extraction of iron, without enrichment of soil samples, in the respective fractions in each method, it was important to better understand the behavior of the reagents considered specific to each form of the metal in soil.

Hemes férricos pentacoordenados e hexacoordenados dos monômeros d nativo e reconstituído da hemoglobina extracelular de Glossoscolex paulistus: estudos espectroscópicos em meio ácido

UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of the native and reconstituted d monomers of Glossoscolex paulistus were performed in acid medium. The coexistence of distinct species shows the complexity of the equilibria. Besides the hexacoordinate low spin hemichrome, with bands at 535 and 565 nm, a pentacoordinate high spin hemichrome is identified by the blue-shifted low intensity Soret band (371 nm) and the LMCT band (643 nm). The pentacoordinate hemichrome must be related to the partial unfolding of the polypeptide.

Estudo espectroscópico do equilíbrio entre espécies hexacoordenada e pentacoordenada dos monômero d nativo e reconstituído da hemoglobina extracelular gigante de Glossoscolex paulistus em meio alcalino

UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of native and reconstituted d monomers from Glossoscolex paulistus were performed in alkaline pH. In addition to the presence of aquomet and hemichrome hexacoordinated species, a pentacoordinated species occurs. This latter species, which presents an imidazolate group of axial histidine as fifth ligand, is identified by the blue-shifted low-intensity Soret band and LMCT band. The pentacoordinated species must occur due to partial polypeptide unfolding.

Estudo das propriedades e biodegradabilidade de blendas de poliéster/amido submetidas ao ataque microbiano

This work deals with the biodegradation of blends of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate)/starch and poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/starch. The blends were obtained by evaporation of the solvent in the mixture of the polymers in chloroform. Tests were carried out in presence of micro-organisms which acted as biodegradation agents. The blends were consumed as carbon substrate and the production of CO2 was evaluated in the process. In addition, the polyesters' mechanical properties were reduced by the incorporation of starch in its structure. (¹H) NMR and infrared spectroscopy detected some characteristic polyester degradation groups in the polyesters' chemical structure, thus confirming the alteration suffered by it.

Modificação química e física do amido de quirera de arroz para aproveitamento na indústria de alimentos

The study evaluated the efficiency of chemical (phosphorylation) and physical (extrusion) modifications of the starch of broken rice. Results demonstrated a reduction in the moisture content of extruded and phosphorylated broken rice and an increase in the ash content of phosphorylated broken rice. Both phosphorylation and extrusion increased cold water binding capacity, swelling power, and solubility. Extruded and phosphorylated pastes were stable under refrigeration, but only extruded paste was stable when submitted to freezing. Phosphorylated paste had the lowest viscosity and the highest stability during heating, while the extruded one gelatinized without heating, but had higher losses during heating.

Modificação enzimática da farinha de arroz visando a produção de amido resistente

The aim of this work was to study the enzymatic modification on rice flour using lipase pancreatic and amyloglucosidase to obtain resistant starch. For this, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the best operating conditions for each enzyme. For lypase pancreatic, the highest value for resistant starch (45%) was achieved within 2 h reaction at pH 7 using an enzyme/substrate ratio of 4% (w/w) and Dp= 100/200 tyler. For amyloglucosidase, optima conditions corresponded to an enzyme/substrate ratio of 0,006 mL/g and Dp= 100/200 tyler at 45 ºC, yielding 57% of resistant starch in 2 h reaction. These results show the potential of using both enzymes to modified rice flour, increasing the resistant starch in about 5.7 folds in relation to the flour without treatment (resistant starch=10.6%).

Produção de poli(3-hidroxibutirato) por Cupriavidus Necator em meio hidrolisado de amido de arroz com suplementação de óleo de soja em diferentes temperaturas

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) is a biopolymer, completely biodegradable, which has similar properties to fuel-based polymers. However to make it economically competitive it is necessary the study of cheap sources of substrate. The influence of hydrolyzed rice starch supplemented with soybean oil at different temperatures (30, 35 and 40 °C) was studied in the production of P(3HB) by C. necator. The percentage of P(3HB) produced in the cultures at 30, 35 °C was 30, 39% and 35, 43% without and with supplementation of oil, respectively. The culture at 40 °C showed no production phase due to a possible oxygen limitation. These results demonstrate that hydrolyzed rice starch supplemented with soybean oil increases the yield of P(3HB) and temperature of 35 ºC is the most favorable for biopolymer production.

Estudo comparativo da caracterização de filmes biodegradáveis de amido de mandioca contendo polpas de manga e de acerola

Most compounds reinforcements have been used to improve thermals, mechanical and barrier properties of biopolymers films, whose performance is usually poor when compared to those of synthetic polymers. Biodegradables films have been developed by adding mango and acerola pulps in different concentrations (0-17,1% w/w) as antioxidants active compounds to cassava starch based biodegradable films. The effect of pulps was studied in terms of tensile properties, water vapor permeability, DSC, among other analysis of the films. The study demonstrated that the properties of cassava starch biodegradable films can be significantly altered through of incorporation mango and acerola pulps.

Propriedades físicas de filmes biodegradáveis à base de amido de mandioca, álcool polivinílico e montmorilonita

The objective of this work was to manufacture biodegradable films based on cassava starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), using glycerol as a plasticizer. These films were characterized according to their microstructure, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties. The combination of starch-PVA-MMT resulted in films with a more homogeneous surface than starch films. The introduction of PVA into the starch matrix led to the formation of films with lower water vapor permeability (WVP), higher tensile strength and greater elongation. MMT was exfoliated in the films, resulting in greater stability for different relative humidities, lower WVP, higher resistance and lower flexibility.

Caracterização físico-química de filmes comestíveis de amido adicionado de acerola (Malphigia emarginata D.C.)

Edibles films are an alternative to synthetic materials used for packing food products. Barbados cherry is rich in vitamin C and carotenoids. The aim of this study was to characterize and develop films by casting from cassava starch, lyophilized Barbados cherry pulp and glycerol. The films were characterized with respect to thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility, vitamin C, carotene and mechanical properties. The interaction of pulp and glycerol reduced film thickness. An increase in pulp concentration up to 60% increased WVP but beyond this concentration reduced both WVP and solubility leading to an increased level of vitamin C and β carotene in the films.

Nanocompósitos ternários de amido termoplástico e poli(Butadieno maleatado)

Liquid polybutadiene (PBLH) was modified with maleic anhydride (MA). The material (PBLHM) was characterized and used to prepare hybrid materials by blending with glycerol-plasticized cassava starch (TPS) and an organophilic clay at 5 wt% content. Processing was performed by extrusion under mild conditions and led to TPS/PBLHM/clay hybrids, at 95/5 to 85/15 TPS/PBLHM compositions, which were characterized by contact angle measurements, X-ray diffraction and mechanical analysis. The results revealed a reduction in the hydrophilicity and the reinforcement of the hybrid materials. Biodegradability tests showed that the addition of clay and of PBLHM led to materials with high biodegradability.

Compósitos biodegradáveis de amido de mandioca e resíduos da agroindústria

The objectives of this work were to produce biodegradable composites using starch and different agro-industrial wastes (coconut fiber, soy bran and sugarcane bagasse) using a baking process, and to study the effects of these components on the resultant composite properties. The addition of different residues yielded trays with different properties. Samples manufactured with soy bran showed the highest density and water uptake at relative humidities ≥ 60%. The addition of sugarcane bagasse resulted in less dense and resistant samples whereas coconut fiber composites showed the highest breaking stress. The samples fabricated in this study represent an alternative packaging option for foods with low water content.