Evaluation of ricinus communis L. for the phytoremediation of polluted soil with organochlorine pesticides

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Complex organochlorine pesticide mixtures as determinant factor for breast cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in the Canary Islands (Spain)

[EN] Background: All the relevant risk factors contributing to breast cancer etiology are not fully known. Exposure to organochlorine pesticides has been linked to an increased incidence of the disease, although not all data have been consistent. Most published studies evaluated the exposure to organochlorines individually, ignoring the potential effects exerted by the mixtures of chemicals. Methods: This population-based study was designed to evaluate the profile of mixtures of organochlorines detected in 103 healthy women and 121 women diagnosed with breast cancer from Gran Canaria Island, and the relation between the exposure to these compounds and breast cancer risk.Results: The most prevalent mixture of organochlorines among healthy women was the combination of lindane and endrin, and this mixture was not detected in any affected women. Breast cancer patients presented more frequently a combination of aldrin, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and this mixture was not found in any healthy woman. After adjusting for covariables, the risk of breast cancer was moderately associated with DDD (OR = 1.008, confidence interval 95% 1.001-1.015, p = 0.024).Conclusions: This study indicates that healthy women show a very different profile of organochlorine pesticide mixtures than breast cancer patients, suggesting that organochlorine pesticide mixtures could play a relevant role in breast cancer risk.

Origen y distribución de los pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs) en sedimentos actuales de la Laguna de El Hito (Cuenca, España Central)

Se llevó a cabo el estudio del estado ambiental actual de la Laguna de El Hito basado en el análisis y cuantificación de 24 pesticidas organoclorados (OCPs): hexaclorobenceno, hexaclorociclohexanos, diclorodifenil-tricloroetano sus homólogos y metabolitos (DDTs), y ciclodienos (aldrín, dieldrín, endrín, endrín aldehido, endrín cetona, ?-clordano, ?-clordano, endosulfán I, endosulfán II, endosulfán sulfato, heptacloro, heptacloro epóxido B y metoxicloro). Algunos compuestos superaron los Niveles Genéricos de Referencia (NGR) para la salud humana y los ecosistemas del R.D.09/2005. Se determinó su origen a partir de diversos índices interpretándose tanto aplicaciones históricas como más recientes. Se obtuvieron los mapas de distribución de los índices y de las concentraciones de OCPs.Environmental evaluation of the current state of El Hito Lake referred to 24 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was carried out: hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexanes, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane their homologs and metabolites (DDTs), and cyclodienes (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, α- chlordane, γ- chlordane, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulphate, heptachlor, heptachlor epóxide B and metoxichlor). Some of these compounds showed concentrations above the Soil Screening Levels (SSLs) for human health and ecosystems as is established in R.D.09/2005. Different indexes were used to determine their origin. Both historical and recent applications sources were interpreted. Distribution maps for concentrations and indexes were plotted

Size, blood organochlorine pesticide concentrations and biochemical indicators measured in hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting at Punta Xen (Campeche, Mexico) in August 2010

The impact of environmental pollution on the homeostasis of sea turtles remains scarce, particularly in the southern Gulf of Mexico. As many municipalities do not rely on a waste treatment plant along the coastline of the Yucatan Peninsula, the vulnerability of these specimens could results enhanced. We searched for relationships between presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and the level of several oxidative and pollutant stress indicators of the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) during the egg-laying period 2010 at Punta Xen (Campeche, Mexico). Endosulfans, aldrin related (aldrin, endrin, dieldrin, endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDT) families were detected in 17, 21 and 26 of the 30 sampled sea turtles, respectively. Significant correlation existed between the size of sea turtles with the concentration of methoxychlor, cholinesterase activity in plasma and heptachlors family, and catalase activity and hexachlorohexane family. Cholinesterase activity in washed erythrocytes and lipid peroxidation were positively correlated with glutathione reductase activity. Antioxidant enzyme actions seem adequate as no lipids damages were correlated with any OCPs. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of OCPs on males of the area because of the significant detection of methoxychlor that target endocrine functioning and increase its concentration with size of the sea turtles.

Multirresíduo de organoclorados em pescado empregando extração QuEChERS.

Os compostos organoclorados causam grande impacto na natureza devido a três características básicas: persistência ambiental, bioacumulação e alta toxicidade. Foi otimizado e validado um método multirresíduo para analisar 12 pesticidas organoclorados em tilápia: hexaclorobenzeno, lindano, DDE, DDT, clorpirifós, endosulfan sulfato, endosulfan beta, endosulfan alfa, heptacloro, aldrin, endrin and dieldrin, mediante cromatografia a gás equipado com detector de captura de elétrons (CG-μECD). O limite de detecção para todos os compostos foi de 0,0005 μg.mL-1. O limite de quantificação do método foi estabelecido em 0,005 μg.g-1. Os ensaios preliminares de recuperação utilizando fortificação no limite de quantificação do método resultaram em valores de recuperação que variaram entre 70 a 120 %.

Evaluación biológica poblacional de macha (Mesodesma donacium, Lamarck 1818) en la provincia de Islay, Arequipa. Febrero 2015

La evaluación se realizó entre el 20 y 26 de febrero 2015, el área de distribución de la macha comprendió la playa entre punta Corio y Sombrero Chico en la provincia de Islay; no se registró entre el Boquerón y La Ensenada. La mayor concentración se observó entre Las Cuevas y El Tablón (área de repoblamiento de Islay). La densidad relativa de las estaciones/transectos varió entre 0 y 20,39 ejem/m2. El área efectiva de distribución se calculó en 1´413.514 m2, se estimó abundancia en 7´722.393 ejemplares y biomasa total 147,58 t. Se analizó biométricamente 2.612 ejemplares, la talla varió entre 26 y 90 mm de longitud valvar (LV), con moda principal en 62 mm y secundaria en 76 mm, la longitud promedio fue 59,17 mm, el 89,43% estuvo debajo de la Talla Mínima de Captura (TCM= 70 mm). Los perfiles medios de playa fueron de pendiente suave que varió entre 1,00° y 1,72°; en el Sector sur (Punta de Bombón) se observó playas intermedias acercándose a los límites de playas disipativas (Ω entre 3,14 y 5,92), en el Sector norte (Dean Valdivia - Mejía) se observaron playas intermedias - disipativas (Ω entre 4,53 y 5,22). La temperatura superficial del mar varió entre 16,4 y 21,0 °C, promedio 18,2±0,02 °C. En el análisis del plancton, entre El Molle y Cardones y El Conto y Mejía, se observó larvas D y umbonadas con características similares a Mesodesma donacium.