The effects of cross -age peer tutoring on writing and reading comprehension skills and attitudes and self -perceptions as writers of third and fourth grade students

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cross-age peer writing response groups on the writing and reading achievement of third and fourth grade students. Students' attitudes about writing and their perceptions of themselves as writers were also measured at the end of the study. ^ One hundred and twenty-two third and fourth grade students enrolled in a public school in a middle-class, multi-cultural neighborhood participated in the study. Four existing classes of students were randomly assigned to either the experimental condition (EC) or the control condition (CC). Both groups were pretested and posttested for writing and reading achievement. The intervention, cross-age peer writing groups, met for eleven weeks. ^ Three hypotheses were examined in this study: (a) writing improvement score, (b) reading comprehension improvement score, and (c) students' attitudes toward writing and their perception of themselves as writers based on the five scales measured on the Writer Self-Perception Scale. ^ ANOVAs were done on the pretests and posttests for writing and the Stanford Achievement Test reading comprehension subtest scores for the year of the study and the previous year. ANOVAs were also done for the five areas of the Writer Self-Perception Scale. Cross-tabulations were also used to compare improvement level verses treatment group, and grade level. ^ Analysis of the data revealed that there was no evidence that the tutoring (EC) groups made more progress than the non-tutoring (CC) groups in writing and reading. There was evidence of growth in writing, especially by the fourth graders. Most importantly, the fourth grade tutors, the experimental group, had the most positive feelings about writing and themselves as writers. ^

When group members go against the grain : an ironic interactive effect of group identification and normative content on healthy eating

Acknowledgements The research leading to these results has been funded by a Tandem Grant from the European Health Psychology Society/CREATE, awarded to the first and second author. The funder had no involvement in the study design, collection or analysis of data, writing the report, or the decision to submit this manuscript for publication.

Shirley MacLaine and group at a press conference before she left for China to film "Women"

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Consciousness Raising group at women's center

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Deadly Night Shade, women rock group

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Group therapy exercise (stress class)

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Consciousness Raising group at women's center before March

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Consciousness Raising group at meeting for the Women's March

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Pro-abortion group demonstrate at NYU Law School where Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Joseph A. Califano is speaking.

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.