Riding the paperless tiger

Language, Education and Technology, an initial core subject within the Bachelor of Education at Victoria University, Victoria, Australia was selected by Teacher Education staff to develop a multi-mode, mixed delivery approach to teaching and learning. A University Curriculum Innovations Grant supported the Project entitled ‘The paperless tiger: Moving the 1st year B Ed core subject into the online world’. During the planning phase the professional action learning team (academics, Library and IT personnel) faced a series of challenges as we grappled with the idea of facilitating an exploration of the lived experiences of learners. Understanding how Webct, CD-ROM, synchronous and asynchronous communication forums could support face-to-face classes and tutorials was part of the professional learning and debate. During the journey, academics and preservice teachers collected artefacts; and these helped us to unpack our ideas and identify what was most valued in the subject. The preservice teachers used digital portfolio presentations to describe both their personal learning and their growing awareness about learning. Teachers and preservice teachers agreed that stepping outside their comfort zone and facing the challenges i.e. riding the paperless tiger was achievable because it became clear that the ‘learning is in the struggle’

Especificação de uma metodologia de avaliação para ambientes de gerenciamento de cursos a distância

A Internet pelos mecanismos de informação, comunicação e cooperação que proporciona, vem se afirmando ao longo dos últimos anos, como uma interessante opção à viabilização da educação a distância e a aprendizagem virtual, através do uso de Ambientes de Gerenciamento de Cursos a Distância, que procuram oferecer um amplo e consistente conjunto de ferramentas de suporte à comunicação, às atividades de alunos e de professores, à avaliação e monitoração dessas atividades, bem como à coordenação e à administração do sistema [KIS 2002]. Procurando identificar as características, propriedades e atributos mais relevantes e usualmente oferecidos por ambientes, foram estudados os ambientes: WebCT, TopClass e Learning Space, como referências de ambientes comerciais e AulaNet, TelEduc e EAD UNISC, como exemplos de ambientes acadêmicos. Como resultado desse estudo, foi elaborada uma estrutura hierárquica de três níveis: áreas, funcionalidades e características, onde o primeiro nível, representa as principais áreas de abrangência de um ambiente, o segundo, as funcionalidades consideradas em cada área e, o terceiro, as características que definem cada uma das funcionalidades. A partir dessa estruturação em níveis, foi elaborada e proposta uma metodologia de avaliação para permitir a verificação quantitativa e qualitativa das funcionalidades e características apresentadas por Ambientes de Gerenciamento de Cursos a Distância. Como principais características desta metodologia, podem ser destacadas: a estrutura hierárquica em níveis, a atribuição de pesos aos diferentes níveis de acordo com o grau de importância, a possibilidade de inclusão de ambientes pelos próprios fabricantes ou responsáveis, a disponibilização de um perfil default de avaliação, a apresentação do ranking de ambientes segundo um perfil de avaliação, a comparação de ambientes quanto as suas características e funcionalidades e a possibilidade de alteração ou criação de novos perfis de avaliação, segundo as diferentes necessidades de cada usuário. Para validar essa metodologia, foi desenvolvido e disponibilizado na Web para consulta geral, um sistema de Benchmark, que além de pontuar os sistemas cadastrados segundo o perfil criado nesse trabalho, possibilita a definição de novos perfis para avaliação, assim como consultas e comparações quanto às funcionalidades e às características apresentadas pelos ambientes, auxiliando a diminuir o nível de subjetividade dos usuários, nos processos relacionados à escolha do ambiente mais adequado as suas necessidades.

Javal: modelo de ambiente de avaliação remota multiagente baseada em tutores embarcados

Trata o presente objeto de pesquisa da proposta de desenvolvimento de um modelo de ambiente de avaliação remota para Ensino à Distância, baseado no paradigma de Orientação a Objetos e elaborado com base na tecnologia de sistemas multiagentes. Para a validação do modelo, foi desenvolvido um protótipo denominado Javal, capaz de permitir a aplicação e monitoração da realização de avaliações e testes à distância. As soluções comerciais disponíveis no mercado, como Question Mark Perception, Aula Net e WebCT possuem código fechado e custo elevado, além de serem baseadas em soluções proprietárias (QML - Question Mark, ASP - Microsoft, etc.), necessitando de plataforma específica para instalação de servidores e clientes. Quanto ao aspecto funcional, estas ferramentas possuem a base de sua lógica de funcionamento em execução de scripts no servidor. Para cada item de uma avaliação a ser respondido, torna-se necessária a efetivação de uma nova conexão. O modelo proposto traz toda a funcionalidade do sistema para o ambiente do aluno, tornando necessária apenas uma conexão para a busca da avaliação e outra para o envio dos resultados, reduzindo o tráfego na rede. Quanto ao aspecto pedagógico, estas ferramentas limitam-se apenas a apresentar uma avaliação somativa do aluno, geração de graus e estatísticas, não se preocupando em monitorar seus aspectos comportamentais, capazes de apontar indícios de possíveis falhas no aprendizado ou na elaboração da avaliação. A proposta do modelo é da apresentação de um ambiente orientado a objetos, capaz de distribuir elementos representativos das avaliações existentes no modelo tradicional de ensino, incorporando recursos capazes de possibilitar a monitoração de aspectos comportamentais do aluno, pelo emprego de agentes monitores ou tutores, que podem acompanhar o aluno e auxiliá-lo em situações de dificuldade. O modelo proposto por este trabalho envolve as avaliações formativas e somativas, aplicadas de forma assíncrona e individual. Como sugestão para trabalhos futuros, o modelo propõe o desenvolvimento de classes capazes de implementar a aplicação de avaliações síncronas e em grupo. A validação do modelo proposto foi realizado através do desenvolvimento de um protótipo que, com base no desenvolvimento de uma API Javal específica, implementa os principais tipos de questões disponíveis no sistema de ensino tradicional, além de agentes tutores de avaliação.

Virtual learning communities beyond the classroom: perceptions of tertiary Chinese language and non-language learners

As class contact times are reduced as a result of fiscal restraints in the modern tertiary sector, language instructors are placed in the position of having to find new ways to provide experience and continuity in language learning. Extending 'learning communities'—sites of learner knowledge exchange, exposure to diverse learning styles and strategies, and mutual support—beyond the classroom is one solution to maintaining successful linguistic competencies amongst learners. This, however, can conflict with the diverse extra-curricular commitments faced by tertiary students. The flexibility of web-based learning platforms provides one means of overcoming these obstacles. This study investigates learner perceptions of the use of the WebCT platform's computer medicated communication (CMC) tools as a means of extending the community of learning in tertiary Chinese language and non-language courses. Learner responses to Likert and open-ended questionnaires show that flexibility and reduction of negative affect are seen as significant benefits to 'virtual' interaction and communication, although responses are notably stronger in the non-language compared with the language cohort. While both learner cohorts acknowledge positive learning outcomes, CMC is not seen to consistently further interpersonal rapport beyond that established in the classroom. Maintaining a balance between web-based and classroom learning emerges as a concern, especially amongst language learners. [Author abstract, ed]

Online conference case study: Creating a comfort zone within an emerging community of practice

This paper outlines the context and theoretical basis for the design, implementation and evaluation of an online conference conducted in 2003. The purpose of the conference was to provide postgraduate distance learners with an opportunity to interact with human factors and healthcare professionals, thereby providing them with exposure to this emerging community of practice. The conference was delivered through a WebCT site and stimulated various modes of interaction. The paper discusses the design and format of the conference and details an analysis of the online transcript that shows development of learning communities as “comfort zones” within which the participants could communicate in a common language and atmosphere of understanding over the 2 days that the conference ran.

Enhancing student learning experience through a novel electronic coursework assessment and feedback management system

Recent National Student Surveys revealed that many U.K. university students are dissatisfied with the timeliness and usefulness of the feedback received from their tutors. Ensuring timeliness in marking often results in a reduction in the quality of feedback. In Computer Science where learning relies on practising and learning from mistakes, feedback that pin-points errors and explains means of improvement is important to achieve a good student learning experience. Though suitable use of Information and Communication Technology should alleviate this problem, existing Virtual Learning Environments and e-Assessment applications such as Blackboard/WebCT, BOSS, MarkTool and GradeMark are inadequate to support a coursework assessment process that promotes timeliness and usefulness of feedback while maintaining consistency in marking involving multiple tutors. We have developed a novel Internet application, called eCAF, for facilitating an efficient and transparent coursework assessment and feedback process. The eCAF system supports detailed marking scheme editing and enables tutors to use such schemes to pin-point errors in students' work so as to provide helpful feedback efficiently. Tutors can also highlight areas in a submitted work and associate helpful feedback that clearly links to the identified mistakes and the respective marking criteria. In light of the results obtained from a recent trial of eCAF, we discuss how the key features of eCAF may facilitate an effective and efficient coursework assessment and feedback process.

The attitudes of students and academic staff towards electronic course support:are we convergent?

The present study investigates the views and attitudes of both the students and staff with regard to the usefulness of electronic course support throughout all four years of the MPharm programme at Aston University. Students were sampled between January and March 2001 using a self-completion questionnaire administered during the start of a practical or tutorial class. All internal academic staff were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. Response rates were 100 and 89.5%, respectively. The study found that students rapidly embraced the use of electronic course support within the undergraduate programme, although they view its role as augmenting traditional course delivery. This view was mirrored by the academic staff, although only around a half currently place their material on the University's virtual learning environment (VLE), WebCT. The failure of staff to completely embrace the VLE is grounded in a lack of confidence and ability in its use. A majority of the academic staff indicated that they wish to be trained further in the use of information technology. Academic institutions need to understand and meet these needs in parallel with the introduction of any electronic course support.

Educating the iPod generation:undergraduate attitudes, experiences and knowledge of vodcast and podcast use

There is an increasing pressure on university staff to provide ever more information and resources to students. This study investigated student opinions on (audio) podcasts and (video) vodcasts and how well they met requirements and aided learning processes. Two experiments within the Aston University looked at student opinion on, and usage of, podcasts and vodcasts for a selection of their psychology lectures. Recordings were produced first using a hand-held camcorder, and then using the in-house media department. WebCT was used to distribute the podcasts and vodcasts, attitude questionnaires were then circulated at two time points. Overall students indicated that podcasts and vodcasts were a beneficial addition resource for learning, particularly when used in conjunction with lecturers’ slides and as a tool for revision/assessment. The online material translated into students having increased understanding of the material, which supplemented and enhanced their learning without being a substitute for traditional lectures. There is scope for the provision of portable media files to become standard practice within higher education; integrating distance and online learning with traditional approaches to improve teaching and learning.

Date adjustment tools : Date rollover and Individual date adjustment

Learning Management Systems (LMSs) have become a larger part of teaching and learning in the modern world. Therefore has Moodle, a free and open source e-learning tool surfaced and gained a lot of attraction and downloads. A purpose of this study has been to develop a new local plugin in Moodle with guidelines from Magnus Eriksson and Tsedey Terefe. A purpose for this project has also been to build a plugin which has the functions Date rollover and Individual date adjustment. Mid Sweden University (Miun) stated that WebCT/Blackboard was in use before Moodle and some other LMSs and the dissatisfaction with WebCT/Blackboard was rife, however some teachers liked it. Therefore WebCT/Blackboard was abandoned and Moodle was embraced. The methods of gaining information has generally been web based sources and three interviews, likewise called user tests. Programs and other aids that have been used include but are not limited to: Google Drive, LTI Provider, Moodle, Moodle documentation, Notepad++, PHP and XAMPP. The plugin has been implemented as a local plugin. The result has shown that the coded plugin, Date adjustment tools could be improved and that it was changed. In the plugin, support for old American English dates were added and the code for using the two functions “Date rollover” and “Individual date adjustment” were rewritten to not interfere with one another. A conclusion to draw from the result is that the plugin has been improved from Terefe’s implementation, although more work can be made with the plugin Date adjustment tools.