实时数据流系统降载方法研究

随着信息技术的发展，出现了大量的数据流应用，如传感器数据处理、网络监控、金融数据分析等。在这些应用中，数据是一种连续、时变、有序、无限的序列，查询大多数都是采用连续查询方式。这种数据和查询的连续性对管理系统的资源需求很大。当系统资源不能满足查询处理要求，即查询处理任务超过系统的最大处理能力，用户的查询将得不到及时、正确地处理。同时，如果查询处理时间超过了查询截止期需求，查询结果就没有意义，甚至会造成灾难性后果。目前，很多研究都集中于数据流系统的降载，对支持实时查询处理的实时数据流系统降载的研究比较少。 本论文主要研究支持实时查询处理的实时数据流管理系统中的降载方法，主要包括如下三个方面：随机降载方法、语义降载方法与共享滑动窗口连接操作的降载方法。最后，通过实时数据流管理系统测试平台验证了所提出算法在提高系统吞吐量与降低截止期错失率方面表现出良好的性能。 针对实时数据流应用需求，提出了一种适合实时查询的数据流处理框架结构RT-DSPA和相应的多层过载处理策略MLOHS，为降载方法的研究提供一个框架基础。RT-DSPA分为用户层、DSMS层以及数据源层多个功能模块，具有多层性、可扩展性、健壮性以及可配置性的特点。 在随机降载方面，提出了一种基于数据流流速的负载估计算法；在实时数据流处理框架与负载估计算法的基础上，提出了一种截止期敏感的随机降载算法RLS-EDA。由于系统负载经常波动较大，该算法利用截止期的特点，使用暂存所丢弃元组技术充分地利用CPU空闲资源，使降载执行后系统的吞吐量得到提高，进而尽可能地降低查询截止期错失率；最后，讨论了降载过程中的队列维护策略、含共享操作符查询网络中的降载位置以及降载操作符插入查询网络的算法。实验结果表明，在系统负载波动较大的情况下，RLS-EDA算法表现出良好的性能。 在充分了解数据流及查询特征的情况下，语义降载表现出更好的降载效果。为明确语义降载时使用到的语义，提出了元组价值、价值等级的概念，给出价值等级划分时发生冲突的解决方法。设计了适合实时数据流管理系统的价值等级–执行开销优先级表和截止期–价值密度优先级表，其在确定优先级时可考虑多维因素。基于这两种优先级表设计，提出了相对应的语义降载算法SLS-PT-VD&EC和SLS-PT-D&TVD。基于优先级表的语义降载算法能够灵活地满足用户的不同需求，同时提高系统降载时的性能。 最后，针对共享滑动窗口连接操作符的过载情况，利用查询截止期的特点，提出了一种基于暂存丢弃元组技术的共享滑动窗口连接的降载算法LS-SJRT；为减小LS-SJRT算法的降载开销，提出了一种改进的基于调节滑动窗口宽度的共享滑动窗口连接降载算法LS-SJRT-CW。实验结果显示这两种算法在共享连接操作符过载时都能够表现出较好的性能。

INFLUENCE ON THE THIN-LAYER SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY - DIFFUSION WITHIN A THIN-LAYER CELL

The potential step and cyclic voltammetric experiments in the thin layer cell were studied by the digital simulation method in this work. A relationship between the time needed for exhaustive electrolysis of the electroactive species and the thickness of the thin layer cell was obtained. On the basis of this formula, the lower time limit for a kinetic plot of the following chemical reaction can be estimated. For the cyclic voltammetry, a semiempirical formula was derived for the peak-peak potential difference (Delta Ep) in terms of the sweep rate (v), thickness of the cell (d), diffusion coefficient (D) and electron transfer number (n) 59 - n Delta Ep/n Delta Ep = 0.328(RT D/nF vd(2))(1.20).

A study of silicon and germanium junctionless transistors

Technology boosters, such as strain, HKMG and FinFET, have been introduced into semiconductor industry to extend Moore’s law beyond 130 nm technology nodes. New device structures and channel materials are highly demanded to keep performance enhancement when the device scales beyond 22 nm. In this work, the properties and feasibility of the proposed Junctionless transistor (JNT) have been evaluated for both Silicon and Germanium channels. The performance of Silicon JNTs with 22 nm gate length have been characterized at elevated temperature and stressed conditions. Furthermore, steep Subthreshold Slopes (SS) in JNT and IM devices are compared. It is observed that the floating body in JNT is relatively dynamic comparing with that in IM devices and proper design of the device structure may further reduce the VD for a sub- 60 mV/dec subthreshold slope. Diode configuration of the JNT has also been evaluated, which demonstrates the first diode without junctions. In order to extend JNT structure into the high mobility material Germanium (Ge), a full process has been develop for Ge JNT. Germanium-on-Insulator (GeOI) wafers were fabricated using Smart-Cut with low temperature direct wafer bonding method. Regarding the lithography and pattern transfer, a top-down process of sub-50-nm width Ge nanowires is developed in this chapter and Ge nanowires with 35 nm width and 50 nm depth are obtained. The oxidation behaviour of Ge by RTO has been investigated and high-k passivation scheme using thermally grown GeO2 has been developed. With all developed modules, JNT with Ge channels have been fabricated by the CMOScompatible top-down process. The transistors exhibit the lowest subthreshold slope to date for Ge JNT. The devices with a gate length of 3 μm exhibit a SS of 216 mV/dec with an ION/IOFF current ratio of 1.2×103 at VD = -1 V and DIBL of 87 mV/V.

Measurement of the differential cross section for the reaction gamman-->pi- p from deuterium.

We report a measurement of the differential cross section for the gamman-->pi- p process from the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory in Hall B for photon energies between 1.0 and 3.5 GeV and pion center-of-mass (c.m.) angles (thetac.m.) between 50 degrees and 115 degrees. We confirm a previous indication of a broad enhancement around a c.m. energy ([sqrt]s) of 2.1 GeV at thetac.m.=90 degrees in the scaled differential cross section s7dsigma/dt and a rapid falloff in a center-of-mass energy region of about 400 MeV following the enhancement. Our data show an angular dependence of this enhancement as the suggested scaling region is approached for thetac.m. from 70 degrees to 105 degrees.

Estucoqueratosis. A propósito de un caso

La estucoqueratosis es una patología dérmica que cursa con tumoraciones queratósicas asintomáticas, benignas, blanco-grisáceas y de pequeño tamaño. Éstas suelen localizarse en las extremidades (especialmente en las inferiores) en torno al tobillo. Su etiología es desconocida y su diagnóstico se realiza mediante una correcta anamnesis y exploración física ya que la morfología, localización y edad de presentación son claves para poder establecer un diagnóstico diferencial con otras afecciones aunque en caso necesario también se puede recurrir a la biopsia. Constituye una entidad clínica con especial interés podológico dada su frecuente aparición en las extremidades inferiores, de ahí la necesidad de conocerla y de saber realizar un correcto diagnóstico diferencial. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 45 años sin antecedentes dermatológicos que presenta estucoqueratosis en la extremidad inferior y que acude al Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Naval de Ferrol.

Cities as Organisms

Since the UN report by the Brundtland Committee, sustainability in the built environment has mainly been seen from a technical focus on single buildings or products. With the energy efficiency approaching 100%, fossil resources depleting and a considerable part of the world still in need of better prosperity, the playing field of a technical focus has become very limited. It will most probably not lead to the sustainable development needed to avoid irreversible effects on climate, energy provision and, not least, society.
Cities are complex structures of independently functioning elements, all of which are nevertheless connected to different forms of infrastructure, which provide the necessary sources or solve the release of waste material. With the current ambitions regarding carbon- or energy-neutrality, retreating again to the scale of a building is likely to fail. Within an urban context a single building cannot become fully resource-independent, and need not, from our viewpoint. Cities should be considered as an organism that has the ability to intelligently exchange sources and waste flows. Especially in terms of energy, it can be made clear that the present situation in most cities are undesired: there is simultaneous demand for heat and cold, and in summer a lot of excess energy is lost, which needs to be produced again in winter. The solution for this is a system that intelligently exchanges and stores essential sources, e.g. energy, and that optimally utilises waste flows.
This new approach will be discussed and exemplified. The Rotterdam Energy Approach and Planning (REAP) will be illustrated as a means for urban planning, whereas Swarm Planning will be introduced as another nature-based principle for swift changes towards sustainability

The alterations of Ca2+/Calmodulin/CaMKII/CaV1.2 signaling in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

The two critical forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD).The alterations of Ca2+/calmodulin/CaMKII/CaV1.2 signaling in AD and VD have not been well elucidated. Here we have demonstrated changes in the levels of CaV1.2, calmodulin, p-CaMKII, p-CREB and BDNF proteins by Western blot analysis and the co-localization of p-CaMKII/CaV1.2 by double-labeling immunofluorescence in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and VD gerbils. Additionally, expression of these proteins and intracellular calcium levels were examined in cultured neurons treated with Aß1–42. The expression of CaV1.2 protein was increased in VD gerbils and in cultured neurons but decreased in APP/PS1 mice; the expression of calmodulin protein was increased in APP/PS1 mice and VD gerbils; levels of p-CaMKII, p-CREB and BDNF proteins were decreased in AD and VD models. The number of neurons in which p-CaMKII and CaV1.2 were co-localized, was decreased in the CA1 and CA3 regions in two models. Intracellular calcium was increased in the cultured neurons treated with Aß1–42. Collectively, our results suggest that the alterations in CaV1.2, calmodulin, p-CaMKII, p-CREB and BDNF can be reflective of an involvement in the impairment in memory and cognition in AD and VD models.

Effect of simvastatin on physiological and biological outcomes in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a randomised placebo controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To test whether simvastatin improves physiological and biological outcomes in patients undergoing esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND: One-lung ventilation during esophagectomy is associated with inflammation, alveolar epithelial and systemic endothelial injury, and the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Statins that modify many of the underlying processes are a potential therapy to prevent ALI.

METHODS: We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing esophagectomy. Patients received simvastatin 80 mg or placebo enterally for 4 days preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively. The primary end point was pulmonary dead space (Vd/Vt) at 6 hours after esophagectomy or before extubation. Inflammation was assessed by plasma cytokines and intraoperative exhaled breath condensate pH; alveolar type 1 epithelial injury was assessed by plasma receptor for advanced glycation end products and systemic endothelial injury by the urine albumin-creatinine ratio.

RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were randomized; 8 patients did not undergo surgery and were excluded. Fifteen patients received simvastatin and 16 received placebo. There was no difference in Vd/Vt or other physiological outcomes. Simvastatin resulted in a significant decrease in plasma MCP-1 on day 3 and reduced exhaled breath condensate acidification. Plasma receptor for advanced glycation end products was significantly lower in the simvastatin-treated group, as was the urine albumin-creatinine ratio on day 7 postsurgery. ALI developed in 4 patients in the placebo group and no patients in the simvastatin group although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1).

CONCLUSIONS: In this proof of concept study, pretreatment with simvastatin in esophagectomy decreased biomarkers of inflammation as well as pulmonary epithelial and systemic endothelial injury.

Prevalência da violência doméstica nos adultos que recorrerem aos serviços de saúde no distrito de Évora

Introdução: É crucial conhecer a prevalência periódica e a prevalência ao longo da vida da violência domestica (VD), mesmo sabendo que é virtualmente impossível medir este fenómeno com absoluta precisão. Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência periódica e ao longo da vida, da violência doméstica nos adultos que recorram aos serviços de saúde. Metodologia: Este estudo será essencialmente de natureza quantitativa epidemiológica. A amostra foi intencional e constituída por todas as pessoas com 18 anos ou mais que durante um período de 3 meses acorreram a qualquer uma das unidades funcionais dos cuidados de saúde Primários. Resultados: A nossa amostra é constituída por 648 participantes. Relativamente aos dados socio biográficos, verificámos que as idades variam entre os 18 anos e os 91 anos com uma média de 45,73 anos, a maioria pertence ao sexo feminino e estado civil casado. Verificámos que do total da amostra 20,9% (143 inquiridos) já sofreram algum tipo de violência ao longo da vida e apenas 5% do total da amostra referiu ter sido vítima de VD no último ano, em ambos os períodos a maior parte sofreu violência psicológica. Relativamente ao responsável pela violência verificámos que na maior parte (7,9%) das vezes foi o marido/companheiro. Verificámos que 18,4% das vítimas eram do sexo feminino. Quanto a avaliação do risco, verificámos que a maior parte da amostra (25,8%) apresenta um score de 4, ou seja apresenta um risco variável. Conclusões: Concluímos que estão mais expostos à VD as pessoas que, sabem ler ou escrever, sem qualquer grau; terem entre 80-89 anos. O tipo de violência mais frequentemente utilizado é a combinação de VD psicológica, física e financeira.

Perturbações da voz profissional: da prevalência ao impacto económico

Dissertação apresentada à Associação de Politécnicos do Norte para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Gestão das Organizações, Ramo de Gestão de Empresas Orientação: Prof. Doutor Jorge Ferreira Dias de Figueiredo Co-Orientação: Mestre Luís Francisco de Oliveira Marques Metello

Apoio à implementação do Sistema de Informação Territorial da Administração Interna e à análise de padrões espaciais

Este documento visa apresentar o trabalho de Estágio realizado na Direção Geral de Administração Interna (DGAI) como parte integrante e conclusiva do Mestrado em Gestão do Território na Área de Especialização em Deteção Remota e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, ministrado pela Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. O Estágio desenvolveu-se em duas fases. A primeira detém um caráter mais genérico e teve como objetivo prestar apoio à consolidação do Sistema de Informação Territorial da Administração Interna (SITAI), onde, entre diversas atividades desenvolvidas, a principal, e conforme exposto no presente relatório, reside na adaptação de dados do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (Censos 2011) ao território nacional após a Reorganização Administrativa do Território das Freguesias (RATF). A segunda enfoca o fenómeno da Violência Doméstica (VD) e consiste no tratamento e análise de vários tipos de dados provenientes da base de dados do Ministério da Administração Interna (MAI) relacionados com o mesmo. Não obstante esta segmentação de trabalhos, é objetivo deste Estágio a aplicação dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) envolvendo dados de realidades específicas e a produção de informação capaz de se constituir como instrumento de suporte à decisão e desenvolvimento de políticas de segurança interna pelas quais o MAI é responsável.

Interpreting Quantifier Scope Ambiguity: Evidence of Heuristic First, Algorithmic Second Processing

The present work suggests that sentence processing requires both heuristic and algorithmic processing streams, where the heuristic processing strategy precedes the algorithmic phase. This conclusion is based on three self-paced reading experiments in which the processing of two-sentence discourses was investigated, where context sentences exhibited quantifier scope ambiguity. Experiment 1 demonstrates that such sentences are processed in a shallow manner. Experiment 2 uses the same stimuli as Experiment 1 but adds questions to ensure deeper processing. Results indicate that reading times are consistent with a lexical-pragmatic interpretation of number associated with context sentences, but responses to questions are consistent with the algorithmic computation of quantifier scope. Experiment 3 shows the same pattern of results as Experiment 2, despite using stimuli with different lexicalpragmatic biases. These effects suggest that language processing can be superficial, and that deeper processing, which is sensitive to structure, only occurs if required. Implications for recent studies of quantifier scope ambiguity are discussed.

Código de procedimientos penales [del Distrito Federal y Territorio de la Baja-California]

Acompaño a vd. ejemplares del Código de Procedimientos Penales del Distrito Federal y Territorio de la Baja- California

Modulation of Oxytocin Receptors in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

L’hypertension pulmonaire (HP) est une maladie dont l’étiologie est inconnue et qui entraîne ultimement une défaillance du ventricule droit (VD) et le décès. L’HP peut être induite chez le rat par la la monocrotaline (MCT), un alcaloïde pyrrolizidique extrait de la plante Crotalaria Spectabilis, causant des lésions à l’endothélium des artères pulmonaires, menant à un épaississement de ces dernières et à une augmentation de la résistance vasculaire. Ceci à pour conséquence de causer une hypertrophie du VD, de l’inflammation, une dysfonction endothéliale NO-dépendante des artères coronariennes et une augmentation des peptides natriurétiques circulants. Objectif: Nous avons testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’étiopathologie de l’HP impliquerait le récepteur à ocytocine (OTR) dû à son implication fonctionnelle avec les cytokines inflammatoires et la libération du peptide natriurétique atrial (ANP) et du NO. Méthodes: Des rats mâles Sprague-Dawley pesant 220-250g reçurent une seule injection sous-cutanée de MCT (60 mg/kg). 6 à 7 semaines (46±1 jours) suivant l’injection, les rats furent sacrifiés et l’expression génique et protéique fut déterminée par PCR en temps réel et par western blot, respectivement, dans le VD et le ventricule gauche (VG) Résultats: Les rats traités au MCT démontrèrent une augmentation significative du VD. Une hypertrophie du VD était évidente puisque le ratio du VD sur le VG ainsi que le poids du septum étaient près de 77% plus élevés chez les rats traités au MCT que chez les rats contrôles. Le traitement au MCT augmenta l’expression génique d’ANP (3.7-fois dans le VG et 8-fois dans le VD) ainisi que le NP du cerveau (2.7-fois dans le VG et 10-fois dans le VD). Les transcrits de trois récepteurs de NP augmentèrent significativement (0.3-2 fois) seulement dans le VD. L’expression protéique de la NO synthase (iNOS) fut également augmentée de façon sélective dans le VD. Par contre, les transcripts de NOS endothéliale et de NOS neuronale étaient plus élevés (0.5-2 fold) dans le VG. L’ARNm et l’expression protéique d’OTR furent diminués de 50% dans le VD, tandis qu’une augmentation de l’expression des cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 fut observée. L’ARNm de Nab1, un marqueur d’hypertrophie pathologique, fut augmentée de deux-fois dans le VD. Conclusion: L’augmentation d’expression génique de NP dans le VD des rats traités au MCT est associée à une augmentation des transcripts du récepteur NP, suggérant une action locale de NP dans le VD durant l’HP. L’expression d’OTR est atténuée dans le VD, possiblement par des cytokines inflammatoires puisque le promoteur du gène de l’OTR contient de multiples éléments de réponse aux interleukines. Diminuer l’expression d’OTR dans le VD durant l’hypertension pulmonaire pourrait influencer de manière positive la fonction cardiaque car l’OTR régule la contractilité et le rythme cardiaque. Mots clés: hypertension pulmonaire, hypertrophie du ventricule droit monocrotaline, récepteur à ocytocine, inflammation, peptides natriurétiques.

Altérations métaboliques et nature des acides gras : implication dans la différenciation des cellules régénératives du tissu adipeux

Par la sécrétion d’adipokines, le tissu adipeux blanc viscéral présent chez des patients souffrant d’obésité promeut l’installation d’altérations métaboliques telles que l’intolérance au glucose, la résistance à l’insuline et le diabète de type 2. Les complications cardiovasculaires, en particulier l’athérosclérose, sont les principales causes de mortalité chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 2. Il a été démontré que la fraction vasculaire stromale du tissu adipeux est composée de cellules régénératives dérivées du tissu adipeux (CRTA) et que ces cellules possèdent des caractéristiques des cellules progénitrices stromales (CPS). L’impact de l’intolérance au glucose et du diabète de type 2 sur les adipocytes sont assez bien documentés. Par contre, les conséquences de ces pathologies sur le comportement des CRTA n’ont pas été mesurées d’une façon approfondie. Plus particulièrement, l’impact de ces altérations métaboliques sur le potentiel de différenciation des CRTA en adipocytes et en cellules endothéliales n’a pas été étudié. Ce projet a pour but d’évaluer, dans un modèle murin, l’effet de ces altérations métaboliques sur l’équilibre de la différenciation in vitro des CRTA en adipocytes ou en cellules endothéliales. L’intolérance au glucose et le diabète de type 2 ont été induit chez les souris par la prise de deux diètes riches en acides gras de provenance végétale (DV) ou animale (DA). L’impact de l’origine des acides gras sur la différenciation des CRTA a également été étudié. Pour ce faire, une mise au point de la culture cellulaire des CRTA s’est avérée nécessaire et compte pour une partie de ces travaux de maîtrise. Nos travaux ont démontré en premier lieu, que le DMSO est un agent qui conserve la viabilité et les propriétés progénitrices des CRTA suite à leur congélation. De plus, parmi les matrices testées, le collagène s’est avéré être celle qui conserve le mieux les caractéristiques des progéniteurs et même, qui enrichie la population cellulaire ensemencée en cellules progénitrices. La densité cellulaire des cellules non-adipeuses du tissu adipeux s’avère être significativement plus élevée chez les souris du groupe de la DV comparativement aux souris contrôles. De plus, l’évaluation in vitro de la différenciation adipogénique démontre un potentiel de différenciation plus important pour les CRTA provenant des souris de la DV par rapport au groupe contrôle et à la DA. Cependant, la différenciation en cellules endothéliales est inhibée chez les CRTA de la DV, comparativement à un retard de ce processus pour la DA. Nos travaux suggèrent que le potentiel de différenciation adipogénique et endothéliale des CRTA est affecté par le statut métabolique des souris ainsi que par la nature de la diète. Ces résultats mettent en lumière pour la première fois l’importance d’évaluer le comportement des CRTA en fonction du statut métabolique du donneur, un paramètre pouvant avoir un impact majeur dans l’utilisation des CRTA autologues en thérapie cellulaire pour la réparation de tissus vasculaires chez des patients diabétiques.