La enseñanza del español a adultos mayores en Quebec : experiencia de talleres prácticos

La hausse démographique de la population des aînés dans le dernier tiers du XX siècle et leur désir d’une retraite productive où ils puissent réinventer une nouvelle étape de leur vie, ont produit un changement dans les salles de classes des institutions formelles et informelles au Québec. Les aînés d’aujourd’hui retournent aux salles de classes mais pas pour la même raison que lorsqu’ils étaient adolescents ou étudiants à l’université, là où l’éducation était connectée aux objectifs professionnels et à la promotion sociale, mais plutôt avec le désir d’intégration continue et de la croissance personnelle. Ce désir est traduit par un apprentissage tout au long de la vie. En effet, l’éducation du Troisième âge devient importante, ainsi que la gérontagogie (branche de la gérontologie) qui étudie le processus d’apprentissage des aînés. Le rôle des Universités du troisième âge (UTA) demeure important mais aussi celui des institutions diverses comme par exemple les « Elder Hostels » et les Centres Communautaires. Dans ce contexte-ci, et basé sur nôtre expérience d’animateur d’ateliers d’espagnol d’une Université (de la province) du Québec, nous présentons quelques méthodologies et stratégies appliquées aux cours d’espagnol langue étrangère (ELE). Ces méthodologies et stratégies sont résumées dans un journal du professeur qui nous aidera à observer le niveau d’efficacité de celles-ci dans les ateliers de conversation. Ainsi, nous avons la possibilité de créer notre propre approche méthodologique qui pourra venir en aide à d’autres professeurs d’espagnol.

Reuse in the development process of TOSCANA systems

TOSCANA is a graphical tool that supports the human-centered interactive processes of conceptual knowledge processing. The generality of the approach makes TOSCANA a universal tool applicable to a variety of domains. Only the so-called conceptual scales have to be designed for new applications. The presentation shows how the use of abstract scales allows the reuse of formerly defined conceptual scales. Furthermore it describes how thesauri and conceptual taxonomies can be integrated in the generation of conceptual scales.

Conceptual knowledge discovery and data analysis

In this paper, we discuss Conceptual Knowledge Discovery in Databases (CKDD) in its connection with Data Analysis. Our approach is based on Formal Concept Analysis, a mathematical theory which has been developed and proven useful during the last 20 years. Formal Concept Analysis has led to a theory of conceptual information systems which has been applied by using the management system TOSCANA in a wide range of domains. In this paper, we use such an application in database marketing to demonstrate how methods and procedures of CKDD can be applied in Data Analysis. In particular, we show the interplay and integration of data mining and data analysis techniques based on Formal Concept Analysis. The main concern of this paper is to explain how the transition from data to knowledge can be supported by a TOSCANA system. To clarify the transition steps we discuss their correspondence to the five levels of knowledge representation established by R. Brachman and to the steps of empirically grounded theory building proposed by A. Strauss and J. Corbin.

Conceptual information systems discussed through an IT-security tool

Conceptual Information Systems are based on a formalization of the concept of "concept" as it is discussed in traditional philosophical logic. This formalization supports a human-centered approach to the development of Information Systems. We discuss this approach by means of an implemented Conceptual Information System for supporting IT security management in companies and organizations.

Fliesslochformen und Gewindefurchen in dünne Bleche und Rohre aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen

This thesis in Thermal Flow Drilling and Flowtap in thin metal sheet and pipes of copper and copper alloys had as objectives to know the comportment of copper and copper alloys sheet metal during the Thermal Flow Drill processes with normal tools, to know the best Speed and Feed machine data for the best bushing quality, to known the best Speed for Form Tapping processes and to know the best bush long in pure copper pipes for water solar interchange equipment. Thermal Flow Drilling (TFD) and Form Tapping (FT) is one of the research lines of the Institute of Production and Logistics (IPL) at University of Kassel. At December 1995, a work meeting of IPL, Santa Catarina University, Brazil, Buenos Aires University, Argentine, Tarapacá University (UTA), Chile members and the CEO of Flowdrill B.V. was held in Brazil. The group decided that the Manufacturing Laboratory (ML) of UTA would work with pure copper and brass alloys sheet metal and pure copper pipes in order to develop a water interchange solar heater. The Flowdrill BV Company sent tools to Tarapacá University in 1996. In 1999 IPL and the ML carried out an ALECHILE research project promoted by the DAAD and CONICyT in copper sheet metal and copper pipes and sheet metal a-brass alloys. The normal tools are lobed, conical tungsten carbide tool. When rotated at high speed and pressed with high axial force into sheet metal or thin walled tube generated heat softens the metal and allows the drill to feed forward produce a hole and simultaneously form a bushing from the displacement material. In the market exist many features but in this thesis is used short and longs normal tools of TFD. For reach the objectives it was takes as references four qualities of the frayed end bushing, where the best one is the quality class I. It was used pure copper and a-brass alloys sheet metals, with different thickness. It was used different TFD drills diameter for four thread type, from M-5 to M10. Similar to the Aluminium sheet metals studies it was used the predrilling processes with HSS drills around 30% of the TFD diameter (1,5 – 3,0 mm D). In the next step is used only 2,0 mm thick metal sheet, and 9,2 mm TFD diameter for M-10 thread. For the case of pure commercial copper pipes is used for ¾” inch diameter and 12, 8 mm (3/8”) TFD drill for holes for 3/8” pipes and different normal HSS drills for predrilling processes. The chemical sheet metal characteristics were takes as reference for the material behaviour. The Chilean pure copper have 99,35% of Cu and 0,163% of Zinc and the Chilean a-brass alloys have 75,6% of Cu and 24,0% of Zinc. It is used two German a-brass alloys; Nº1 have 61,6% of Cu, 36,03 % of Zinc and 2,2% of Pb and the German a-brass alloys Nº2 have 63,1% of Cu, 36,7% of Zinc and 0% of Pb. The equipments used were a HAAS CNC milling machine centre, a Kistler dynamometer, PC Pentium II, Acquisition card, TESTPOINT and XAct software, 3D measurement machine, micro hardness, universal test machine, and metallographic microscope. During the test is obtained the feed force and momentum curves that shows the material behaviour with TFD processes. In general it is take three phases. It was possible obtain the best machining data for the different sheet of copper and a-brass alloys thick of Chilean materials and bush quality class I. In the case of a-brass alloys, the chemical components and the TFD processes temperature have big influence. The temperature reach to 400º Celsius during the TFD processes and the a-brass alloys have some percents of Zinc the bush quality is class I. But when the a-brass alloys have some percents of Lead who have 200º C melting point is not possible to obtain a bush, because the Lead gasify and the metallographic net broke. During the TFD processes the recrystallization structures occur around the Copper and a-brass alloy bush, who gives more hardness in these zones. When the threads were produce with Form Tapping processes with Flowtap tools, this hardness amount gives a high limit load of the thread when hey are tested in a special support that was developed for it. For eliminated the predrilling processes with normal HSS drills it was developed a compound tool. With this new tool it was possible obtain the best machining data for quality class I bush. For the copper pipes it is made bush without predrilling and the quality class IV was obtained. When it is was used predrilling processes, quality classes I bush were obtained. Then with different HSS drill diameter were obtained different long bush, where were soldering with four types soldering materials between pipes with 3/8” in a big one as ¾”. Those soldering unions were tested by traction test and all the 3/8” pipes broken, and the soldering zone doesn’t have any problem. Finally were developed different solar water interchange heaters and tested. As conclusions, the present Thesis shows that the Thermal Flow Drilling in thinner metal sheets of cooper and cooper alloys needs a predrilling process for frayed end quality class I bushings, similar to thinner sheets of aluminium bushes. The compound tool developed could obtain quality class I bushings and excludes predrilling processes. The bush recrystalization, product of the friction between the tool and the material, the hardness grows and it is advantageous for the Form Tapping. The methodology developed for commercial copper pipes permits to built water solar interchange heaters.

Zur denkmalpolitischen Praxis der Gegenwart - institutionelle Handlungsspielräume und diskursive Prozesse

Die Arbeit behandelt im Rahmen eines induktiven Ansatzes die Problematik aktueller kommunalpolitischer Zielkonflikte im Umgang mit Baudenkmalen in Deutschland. Dabei wird das Politikfeld Denkmalschutz in seiner kulturell-politischen Mehrdimensionalität unter der Ausgangsfrage untersucht, wie Entscheidungsprozesse verlaufen, bei denen entwicklungsbezogene Interessen und Belange des Denkmalschutzes eine besondere Rolle spielen. Vier Beispielfälle bilden den empirischen Kern der Untersuchung: Ein ortsbildprägendes und architektonisch qualitätsvolles Industriedenkmal wandelt sich mittels staatlicher Förderung zu einer Brachfläche; der Umgebungsschutz eines Gartendenkmals von Weltrang muss den Bedürfnissen des kommerzialisierten Fußballsports den Vortritt lassen; ein historisches Lichtspieltheater wird trotz Massenprotesten von Bürgern zu einem Buchladen umgebaut; eine freistehende Gründerzeitvilla wird unter der Maßgabe maximaler Verkaufsflächengröße durch ein Einkaufszentrum eingehaust. Aufbauend auf einer Analyse der jeweiligen Entscheidungsprozesse werden die Spezifika politischer Auseinandersetzungen um Denkmale fallübergreifend herausgearbeitet. Das Untersuchungsprinzip entspricht einem explorativen Verfahren, wobei der argumentative Austausch als empirischer Schlüssel zu sprachlich materialisierten Deutungsangeboten von Akteuren einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet. In der Gegenüberstellung diskursiver Prozesse wird untersucht, wie Deutungsangebote im politischen Prozess entstehen, sich verändern und diskursiv vermittelt werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Einblick in das Zusammenspiel empirisch bestimmter Einflussgrößen. Dabei kristallisieren sich mehrere Thesen heraus, die das kulturelle Verständnis, die Rolle des institutionellen Kontextes und die politische Aushandlung als Prozess betreffen. Es wird aufgezeigt, weshalb die Kluft zwischen dem elitären Erhaltungsinteresse der Fachwelt und dem Denkmalverständnis des „Durchschnittsbürgers" als notwendige Triebfeder der denkmalpflegerischen Vermittlungsarbeit und für eine kreative Auseinandersetzung mit dem Denkmal ebenso wie der hoheitliche Denkmalschutz unverzichtbar bleibt.

Especificidad de la relación entre la conciencia segmental y el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura en la dislexia.

Buscar cuál es la importancia del aprendizaje lecto-escritor en la relación establecida por los niños entre el lenguaje escrito y el oral a nivel fonológico, como base de la hipótesis: los problemas lecto-escritores de los niños disléxicos provocados por la falta de desarrollo de la conciencia segmental. Estudiar que muestran una clara oposición a una instrucción que mejore su aprendizaje. Población: tres colegios públicos de Salamanca. Niveles segundo y tercero de EGB. 8 Niños, 4 varones de CI medio-bajo (DX) y 4 disléxicos de CI normal (RT). Estudio teórico sobre el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura. Destaca la importancia del procesamiento fonológico y la conciencia segmental. Establece un relación bidireccional entre la conciencia segmental y el aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura. Deja teóricamente demostrado que el entrenamiento en tareas que desarrollan la conciencia segmental favorece el aprendizaje de la lectura, siendo de importancia para los niños disléxicos cuya dificultad se debe a la falta de este desarrollo. Hace una detallada fundamentación teórica: Bradley y Brayant (1978) sobre la dislexia proponiendo el modelo de adquisición de la lectura de Uta Frith como soporte teórico de su hipótesis. Utiliza el programa 'Escribir una palabra' (Sánchez, Rueda y Orrantía 1989) como entrenamiento de la conciencia segmental. Programa basado en el concepto de resistencia a la instrucción ligado al concepto de interacción de Vygotski (1979). Selección: WISC. Tale (análisis de la lectura y la escritura). Cuestionario para medir el nivel de metalenguaje (Rueda y Sánchez,1988). Intervención: programa de instrucción, hoja de ayudas y lista de palabras o pseudopalabras. Diseño experimental. ANOVA de un factor. Análisis particular de cada uno de los ocho casos. 'Escribir una palabra'. Los niños DX necesitaron mayor número de ayudas específicas a la conciencia segmental cuando tenían que realizar aquellos pasos del programa que suponen segmentación de los fonos. No aparecen diferencias importantes en cuanto a ayudas necesarias en las categorías de colaboración y uso del código. Los niños del grupo RT no necesitan mayor número de ayudas no específicas que los disléxicos. El problema de los niños disléxicos es que no son capaces de segmentar cuando se les instruye para hacerlo, presentan resistencia a la instrucción por ello, debe insistirse en el desarrollo de la conciencia segmental, pues es la pieza clave para el aprendizaje lectoescritor, de extrema importancia pues es lo que permite acceder al niño al conocimiento.

Geografía.

La primera impresión es de 1993

Ángel Rivière : en busca de la coherencia central.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

La construcción narrativa de la identidad en un contexto educativo intercultural = The narrative construction of identity in a intercultural educative setting

En este trabajo se expone e ilustra un modelo teórico para entender las funciones de la identidad, así como los mecanismos psicosociales asociados a su construcción: “Modelo Evolutivo y Funcional de la Identidad Mediada” (MEBIM). La identidad, mediada narrativamente, cumple una función personal orientada a la dirección de la propia vida, así como una función sociocultural vinculada a la búsqueda de reconocimiento de los derechos de los grupos sociales a los que uno se siente apegado. Se ilustran los factores asociados a la construcción de la identidad personal (sí mismos posibles, transiciones vitales, vínculo afectivo) y sociocultural (acción-transformación e identificación simbólica) a partir de 12 historias de vida realizadas con mestizos e indígenas de la Universidad Intercultural de Chiapas (México). Se sugiere que en contextos educativos formales, como la escuela o la Universidad, se deben propiciar narrativas personales y socioculturales con el objetivo de optimizar la identidad en un mundo a la vez globalizado y plural

Serviços inclusivos de promoção da saúde e bem-estar via televisão digital: reportagem e debate interativos sobre Diabetes

O desenvolvimento de serviços e conteúdos dedicados a públicos específicos, tendo em consideração as suas preferências, necessidades e atitudes, é um dos desafios da TV do futuro. O projeto “iDTV-Saúde: Serviços inclusivos de promoção da saúde e bem-estar via televisão digital interativa” (UTA-Est/MAI/0012/2009) tem como principal objetivo avaliar o potencial da TV digital interativa na promoção de serviços, formatos e conteúdos originais que possam ser relevantes no suporte aos cuidados pessoais de saúde e ao bem-estar da população com mais de 55 anos, em Portugal. Uma das componentes deste estudo passa pela produção de uma reportagem interativa seguida de um debate, em torno do tema “Diabetes”, dirigida especialmente à população sénior. O presente artigo descreve o conceito e a estratégia de desenvolvimento desta solução para TV interativa, cujo principal intuito é permitir à população-alvo o acesso a informação fidedigna e especializada sobre saúde, através do uso das novas tecnologias. A elaboração dos conteúdos informativos prevê a combinação dos conceitos de TV linear e TV interativa, com vista a oferecer complementaridade aos conteúdos atualmente difundidos pelos media tradicionais e a potenciar o aumento de capital social do público-alvo, bem como da sua literacia na área da saúde, respeitando as suas especificidades.

The greening of Arabia: multiple opportunities for human occupation of the Arabian peninsula during the Late Pleistocene inferred from an ensemble of climate model simulations

Climate models are potentially useful tools for addressing human dispersals and demographic change. The Arabian Peninsula is becoming increasingly significant in the story of human dispersals out of Africa during the Late Pleistocene. Although characterised largely by arid environments today, emerging climate records indicate that the peninsula was wetter many times in the past, suggesting that the region may have been inhabited considerably more than hitherto thought. Explaining the origins and spatial distribution of increased rainfall is challenging because palaeoenvironmental research in the region is in an early developmental stage. We address environmental oscillations by assembling and analysing an ensemble of five global climate models (CCSM3, COSMOS, HadCM3, KCM, and NorESM). We focus on precipitation, as the variable is key for the development of lakes, rivers and savannas. The climate models generated here were compared with published palaeoenvironmental data such as palaeolakes, speleothems and alluvial fan records as a means of validation. All five models showed, to varying degrees, that the Arabia Peninsula was significantly wetter than today during the Last Interglacial (130 ka and 126/125 ka timeslices), and that the main source of increased rainfall was from the North African summer monsoon rather than the Indian Ocean monsoon or from Mediterranean climate patterns. Where available, 104 ka (MIS 5c), 56 ka (early MIS 3) and 21 ka (LGM) timeslices showed rainfall was present but not as extensive as during the Last Interglacial. The results favour the hypothesis that humans potentially moved out of Africa and into Arabia on multiple occasions during pluvial phases of the Late Pleistocene.

Violacein Extracted from Chromobacterium violaceum Inhibits Plasmodium Growth In Vitro and In Vivo

Violacein is a violet pigment extracted from the gram-negative bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. It presents bactericidal, tumoricidal, trypanocidal, and antileishmanial activities. We show that micromolar concentrations efficiently killed chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro; inhibited parasitemia in vivo, even after parasite establishment; and protected Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi-infected mice from a lethal challenge.