Modulare Logistiksysteme in der Prozessindustrie unter Einbeziehung von Industrie 4.0

Zur Gewährleistung einer kundenindividuellen, flexiblen Produktion, welche auch kleine Losegrößen kostengünstig produzieren kann, werden zukünftig Fabriken der Prozessindustrie nicht nur modular sondern darüber hinaus mobil sein. Zur Erreichung dieses Zieles werden neben Produktionselemente, auch sämtliche Logistikkomponenten in Containern zu Modulen zusammengefasst. Hierfür ist es notwendig Lager, aber auch komplexe Verpackungsmaschinen, zu konzipieren welche sich zusammen mit Produktionsmodulen, nach dem Plug-and-Produce-Prinzip, zu kompletten Produktionslinien verknüpfen lassen. Die Steuerung und Organisation erfolgt nach den Gedanken von Industrie 4.0.

Produção de CDR a partir de resíduos industriais: caso de estudo da Recivalongo

A produção de combustível derivado de resíduos (CDR) resultou de uma decisão política que permitiu a instalação em Portugal de um significativo conjunto de processos, cuja avaliação técnico-económica e ambiental pode já ser feita. Este trabalho faz uma avaliação técnica e ambiental da linha de produção de CDR da Recivalongo. A avaliação técnica consistiu na análise dos caudais de material que entraram na linha de produção, na quantidade de CDR produzido, contabilizando também os gastos de recursos da linha (energia e materiais auxiliares). A avaliação da qualidade de CDR produzido a partir do ensaio laboratorial representou também uma parte muito significativa do trabalho produzido. A avaliação ambiental foi efetuada com base na metodologia da Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o processo da Recivalongo transforma 69% do material de entrada, recuperando 2% em metais ferrosos e rejeitando para aterro a restante fração de 29%. As análises efetuadas ao CDR mostraram que apresenta um PCI compreendido entre 17 e 20 MJ/kg; o teor em cloro está compreendido entre 0,2 e 0,8% Conclui-se que neste processo o parâmetro mais difícil de controlar é o teor em cloro no CDR, pois existe uma grande diversidade de resíduos com grandes quantidades de cloro na sua constituição e que por muitas vezes são difíceis de identificar e/ou separar na primeira fase do tratamento dos resíduos. Da análise ciclo de vida efetuada à produção de CDR pode-se afirmar que esta operação de gestão de resíduos apresenta uma mais-valia quando comparada com a deposição dos resíduos em aterro, não sendo a diferença entre destinos tão significativa quanto o esperado. Desta avaliação pode concluir-se que a instalação operou muito abaixo da sua capacidade, sendo esta considerada uma das melhores linhas de produção de CDR a nível nacional.

Balanceamento de linhas de produção

O presente relatório de projeto descreve o trabalho desenvolvido na empresa F, relativo ao balanceamento de linhas de produção. Foi estudado, tendo por base a literatura disponível, em que consiste o problema de balanceamento de uma linha de produção, assim como as limitações deste problema, e que métodos podem ser utilizados na sua resolução. Relativamente ao caso de estudo são expostos os objetivos a atingir, apresentando os dados recolhidos e respetivo tratamento dos mesmos. Para cada caso é efetuada a descrição do mesmo, descrevendo a situação como a linha de produção se encontrava e a respetiva melhoria. Para o primeiro caso de estudo foi realizada uma simulação da mudança na linha de produção através do Software Arena. Finalmente são apresentadas algumas conclusões que dizem respeito às vantagens do balanceamento da linha de produção, revelando ainda perspetivas de desenvolvimento futuro.

Melhoria do abastecimento interno com comboio logístico na indústria automével

Este projeto surgiu da necessidade de uma empresa da indústria automóvel melhorar o modo de abastecimento das suas várias linhas de produção. Optando por um abastecimento através de comboio logístico, em detrimento do uso de empilhador, indo assim de encontro com as práticas de pensamento lean aplicadas à logística, procurando eliminar o desperdício e aumentar a produtividade de uma ação vital do seu negócio. Nesse sentido, este projeto procurou dar resposta a esse objetivo, consistindo no estudo da situação atual e posterior análise das alterações necessárias a realizar visando a melhoria do abastecimento interno com comboio logístico. O projeto integra diversas reformulações ao nível das linhas de produção, armazém e de todo o planeamento logístico de abastecimento. Ao aplicar as mudanças e os novos planeamentos de abastecimento propostos são esperados resultados de vários ganhos a três grandes níveis: Recursos Humanos, Materiais e Ambientais.

Mejoramiento de procesos de manufactura utilizando Kanban

Este artículo presenta la aplicación de la metodología Kanban y el análisis del efecto que puede generar en una empresa de fabricación de transformadores de distribución. Mediante la aplicación de la metodología propuesta es posible mejorar la programación de la producción, con el objetivo de reducir la cantidad de producto en proceso que no es utilizado, de forma que se reduzca el inventario. Para analizar el efecto de aplicar la metodología Kanban en la empresa, se utilizo la técnica de simulación, para lo cual se modelizan el proceso actual y el propuesto con las reglas de dicha metodología. A partir de los resultados que arrojan dichas modelizaciones, se observa que existe un mejoramiento en las líneas de producción cuando se utiliza la metodología Kanban.

Desenvolvimento de tubulação em compósito polimérico revestida externamente com poliuretano de alta densidade

Pipelines for the transport of crude oil from the production wells to the collecting stations are named production lines . These pipes are subjected to chemical and electrochemical corrosion according to the environment and the type of petroleum transported. Some of these lines, depending upon the composition of the fluid produced, may leak within less than one year of operation due to internal corrosion. This work aims at the development of composite pipes with an external protecting layer of high density polyurethane for use in production lines of onshore oil wells, meeting operational requirements. The pipes were manufactured using glass fibers, epoxy resin, polyester resin, quartz sand and high density polyurethane. The pipes were produced by filament winding with the deposition of high density polyurethane on the external surface and threaded ends (API 15 HR/PM-VII). Three types of pipes were manufactured: glass/epoxy, glass/epoxy with an external polyurethane layer and glass/epoxy with an intermediate layer of glass fiber, polyester, sand and with an external polyurethane layer. The three samples were characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and for the determination of constituent content. In addition, the following tests were conducted: hydrostatic test, instant rupture, shorttime failure pressure, Gardner impact, transverse stiffness and axial tension. Field tests were conducted in Mossoró RN (BRAZIL), where 1,677 meters of piping were used. The tests results of the three types of pipes were compared in two events: after two months from manufacturing of the samples and after nine months of field application. The results indicate that the glass/epoxy pipes with an intermediate layer of fiber glass composite, polyester e sand and with an external layer of high density polyurethane showed superior properties as compared to the other two and met the requirements of pressure class, axial tensile strength, transverse stiffness, impact and environmental conditions, for onshore applications as production lines

Use of the piggyBac transposon to create HIV-1 gag transgenic insect cell lines for continuous VLP production

Background Insect baculovirus-produced Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag virus-like-particles (VLPs) stimulate good humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in animals and are thought to be suitable as a vaccine candidate. Drawbacks to this production system include contamination of VLP preparations with baculovirus and the necessity for routine maintenance of infectious baculovirus stock. We used piggyBac transposition as a novel method to create transgenic insect cell lines for continuous VLP production as an alternative to the baculovirus system. Results Transgenic cell lines maintained stable gag transgene integration and expression up to 100 cell passages, and although the level of VLPs produced was low compared to baculovirus-produced VLPs, they appeared similar in size and morphology to baculovirus-expressed VLPs. In a murine immunogenicity study, whereas baculovirus-produced VLPs elicited good CD4 immune responses in mice when used to boost a prime with a DNA vaccine, no boost response was elicited by transgenically produced VLPs. Conclusion Transgenic insect cells are stable and can produce HIV Pr55 Gag VLPs for over 100 passages: this novel result may simplify strategies aimed at making protein subunit vaccines for HIV. Immunogenicity of the Gag VLPs in mice was less than that of baculovirus-produced VLPs, which may be due to lack of baculovirus glycoprotein incorporation in the transgenic cell VLPs. Improved yield and immunogenicity of transgenic cell-produced VLPs may be achieved with the addition of further genetic elements into the piggyBac integron.

Association of MMP-2 activation potential with metastatic progression in human breast cancer cell lines independent of MMP-2 production

Background: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), the 72-kd type IV collagenase/gelatinase, by cancer cells has been implicated in metastasis through cancer cell invasion of basement membranes mediated by degradation of collagen IV. However, the abundance of this latent proenzyme in normal tissues and fluids suggests that MMP-2 proenzyme utilization is limited by its physiological activation rather than expression alone. We previously reported activation of this proenzyme by normal and malignant fibroblastoid cells cultured on collagen I (vitrogen) gels. Purpose: Our purposes in this study were 1) to determine whether MMP-2 activation is restricted to the more invasive human breast cancer cell lines and 2) to localize the activating mechanism. Methods: Zymography was used to monitor MMP-2 activation through detection of latent MMP-2 (72 kd) and mature species of smaller molecular weight (59 or 62 kd). Human breast cancer cell lines cultured on plastic, vitrogen, and other matrices were thus screened for MMP- 2 activation. Collagen I-cultured cells were exposed to cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, or to protease inhibitors to determine the nature of the MMP-2-activating mechanism. Triton X-114 (TX-114) detergent extracts from cells cultured on collagen I or plastic were incubated with latent MMP-2 and analyzed by zymography to localize the MMP-2 activator. Results: MMP-2 activation was only induced by collagen I culture in the more aggressive, highly invasive estrogen receptor-negative, vimentin-positive human breast cancer cell lines (Hs578T, MDA-MB-436, BT549, MDA-MB-231, MDA- MB-435, MCF-7(ADR)) and was independent of MMP-2 production. MMP-2 activation was detected in cells cultured on collagen I gels but not in those cultured on gelatin gels, Matrigel, or thin layers of collagen I or IV, gelatin, or fibronectin. Collagen-induced activation was specific for the enzyme species MMP-2, since MMP-9, the 92-kd type IV collagenase/gelatinase, was not activatable under similar conditions. MMP-2 activation was inhibited by cycloheximide and was sensitive to a metalloproteinase inhibitor but not to aspartyl, serine, or cysteinyl protease inhibitors. MMP-2 activation was detected in the hydrophobic, plasma membrane-enriched, TX-114 extracts from invasive collagen I-cultured cells. Conclusion: Collagen I-induced MMP-2 activation is restricted to highly invasive estrogen receptor-negative, vimentin-positive human breast cancer cell lines, is independent of MMP-2 production, and is associated with metastatic potential. Our findings are consistent with plasma membrane localization of the activator. Implications: The MMP-2 activation mechanism may represent a new target for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of human breast cancer.

Egg production curve fitting using nonlinear models for selected and nonselected lines of White Leghorn hens

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Application of a serum/protein-free medium for the growth of mammalian cell lines and high level production of classical, variant and very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Forage mass production and grazing loss of sorghum hybrid in response to the density of the sowing and the spacing between planting lines

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate dry matter yield and loss of grazing due to animal trampling in response to sowing density and spacing between lines in the planting. Sorghum hybrid 1P400 was submitted to six treatments, composed of three sowing density combinations (12; 16 and 20 kg/ha of seeds) and two spacing between lines (0.40 and 0.80 m). Sorghum hybrid 1P400 was sowed in two seasons, at the end of spring (December 3rd, 2005) and the other at the end of summer (March 20th, 2006). Cultivation strategies influenced plant population in the two experimental seasons. Diameter of the stem in season 1 decreased with density increase, whereas in the second season, interaction between sowing density and spacing was significant. In the first season, 0.40-m spacing promoted greater losses due to grazing stepping, that is, 891 kg/ha of DM, whereas in the second season there was no statistical difference. There was no significant difference in forage dry matter yield in sowing densities among the two studied seasons. Dry mater production of sorghum hybrids 1P400 did not increase with the increase of the sowing density in the two sowing seasons, therefore it is recommended 12 kg/ha of seeds for the sowing. Sorghum IP400 cultivated in 0.80-m spacing resulted in lower forage loss caused by grazing bovine trampling. © 2011 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia.

Honey bee lines selected for high propolis production also have superior hygienic behavior and increased honey and pollen stores

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)