PRETERM BIRTH AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LENGTH OF GESTATION AND THE PHYSICAL DEMAND OF U.S. ARMY MILITARY OCCUPATIONAL SPECIALTIES (UNITED STATES)

A case-control study has been conducted examining the relationship between preterm birth and occupational physical activity among U.S. Army enlisted gravidas from 1981 to 1984. The study includes 604 cases (37 or less weeks gestation) and 6,070 controls (greater than 37 weeks gestation) treated at U.S. Army medical treatment facilities worldwide. Occupational physical activity was measured using existing physical demand ratings of military occupational specialties.^ A statistically significant trend of preterm birth with increasing physical demand level was found (p = 0.0056). The relative risk point estimates for the two highest physical demand categories were statistically significant, RR's = 1.69 (p = 0.02) and 1.75 (p = 0.01), respectively. Six of eleven additional variables were also statistically significant predictors of preterm birth: age (less than 20), race (non-white), marital status (single, never married), paygrade (E1 - E3), length of military service (less than 2 years), and aptitude score (less than 100).^ Multivariate analyses using the logistic model resulted in three statistically significant risk factors for preterm birth: occupational physical demand; lower paygrade; and non-white race. Controlling for race and paygrade, the two highest physical demand categories were again statistically significant with relative risk point estimates of 1.56 and 1.70, respectively. The population attributable risk for military occupational physical demand was 26%, adjusted for paygrade and race; 17.5% of the preterm births were attributable to the two highest physical demand categories. ^

Pro-American non-alignment. Sweden and Finland develop closer military co-operation with the United States. OSW COMMENTARY NUMBER 205/31.03.2016

Russia’s increasingly aggressive policy and its enhanced military activity in the Nordic-Baltic region has led to revaluations in Sweden’s and Finland’s security and defence policies and a rethinking of the formats of their military co-operation. While remaining outside NATO, the two states have been developing closer bilateral defence co-operation and working more closely with the United States, while at the same time developing co-operation with NATO. Sweden and Finland perceive the United States as the guarantor of regional and European security. From their point of view, the United States is currently the country that has both the necessary military capabilities and the political will to react in the event of a conflict between Russia and NATO in the Nordic-Baltic region, in which both countries would inevitably become involved despite their non-aligned status. For Sweden and Finland, intensified co-operation with the United States offers an alternative to NATO membership, which is currently out of the question for domestic political reasons. Meanwhile, the US has also become increasingly aware of the strategic importance of the two states, which, for the purposes of contingency planning, are in fact an extension of NATO’s north-eastern flank.

Governors Island, Vicksburg Military Park, Niagara Falls Heritage Area, and Craters of the Moon Preserve bills : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session on S. 689, to convey certain federal properties on Governors Island, New York; S. 1175, to modify the boundary of Vicksburg National Military Park to include the property known as Pemberton's Headquarters, and for other purposes; S. 1227, to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to conduct a study on the suitability and feasibility of establishing the Niagara Falls National Heritage Area in the state of New York, and for other purposes; H.R. 601, to redesignate certain lands within the Craters of the Moon National Monument, and for other purposes, July 31, 2001.

Shipping list no.: 2002-0096-P.

The United States Air Force Academy : a bibliography, 1983-1989 /

Item 425-A-3

Official register of the United States : persons in the civil, military, and naval service, exclusive of the Postal Service /

Subtitle varies.

Hearings on H.R. 2637, to amend title 10, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of the Air Force to contract with air carriers ... and the posture of the U.S. military airlift before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, first session, September 19, 20, 1977.

Mode of access: Internet.

An examination of the report of the House Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China : hearing before the International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, May 26, 1999.

Shipping list no.: 2000-0165-P.

U.S. policy and NATO military operations in Kosovo : hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, February 25; April 14; July 1, 20; October 14, 21; November 3, 1999.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0125-P.

Military construction appropriations for fiscal year 1998 : hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, on H.R. 2016 ....

Includes index.

United States/Soviet military balance : a frame of reference for Congress : a study /

Mode of access: Internet.

Official register of the United States, containing a list of officers and employees in the civil, military, and naval service ...

Each issue in 2 v., 1879-date: v. 1, Legislative, executive and judicial.--v. 2. Post-office department and postal service.

Department of Defense authorization for appropriations for fiscal year 2010 : hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, on S. 1390, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2010 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes.

"May 20 and June 3, 2009"--Pt. 6-7.

Post cold war challenges to U.S. military : hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, January 29, March 19, 25, and June 4, 1998.

Shipping list no.: 99-0081-P.

Military procurement : hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services ... Eighty-sixth Congress, first session, on S. 500, amending Title 10, United States Code, with respect to procurement procedures of the armed services; S. 1383, requiring the use of competitive bidding ... ; [and] S. 1875 ... July 13, 15, 21, 24, 28, and 31, 1959.

Mode of access: Internet.

Complete army and navy register of the United States of America, from 1776 to 1887 : containing the names of all officers of the army and navy ; together with the volunteer general staff, during the war with Mexico, and a register of all appointments by the President in the volunteer service during the rebellion ; also, a military history of the Department of War and of each staff department of the army /

Mode of access: Internet.