Certified nurse midwives effects on catecholamine levels and maternal anxiety during labor

Studies of nurse midwifery care in the last twenty one years have reported excellent birth outcomes (Levy, Wilkenson and Marine, 1971; Platt et al. 1985; Stone et al. 1976). These outcomes are frequently attributed to the special support offered during labor and delivery by nurse midwives. This supportive style is thought to decrease catecholamine levels by reducing maternal anxiety. This prospective observational study evaluated catecholamine levels, anxiety levels, in-hospital costs, obstetrical practices and outcomes between low risk, term, labor and delivery primigravida patients managed by obstetrical residents (n = 55) or by certified nurse-midwives CNM (n = 59). The two groups were similar with regard to obstetrical risk factors present at admission. Each group was selected over the same period of time between March 23, 1994 and November 2, 1994. Specific catecholamines evaluated were epinephrine and norepinephrine. Obstetrical and newborn characteristics were also compared. This study did not prove that there is a decreased level in stress as indicated by lower levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in nurse-midwife patients compared to obstetrical resident patients after adjusting for the use of epidural anesthesia. There was also no difference found in the perceived anxiety levels between the two groups. This study did confirm that nurse-midwives and obstetrical residents have different practice styles. Nurse-midwife patients had fewer augmented deliveries, fewer operative deliveries, less blood loss, fewer episiotomies and fewer third and fourth degree lacerations. The physician's choice to utilize more interventions such as continuous fetal monitoring and epidural anesthesia did not improve outcomes. The hospital cost of the nurse-midwife patients in this study was 35 percent lower than the physician patients. ^

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 700 - "Labor Under National Socialism" "Notes on a Study in News Commentators" Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestaltung Nachkriegs-Deutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung (p. IX 170a - IX 172.2-8)

Neumann, Franz L.: "Labor Under National Socialism", 19.03.1942. Typoskript, 66 Blatt; Löwenthal, Leo: "Notes on a Study in News Commentators" 23.01.1943; "Notes on a Study on News Commentators". Typoskript, 34 Blatt; "Treatment of Selected New Topics in News and News Commentator Programs". Typoskript, 53 Blatt; Forschungsprojekte und Memoranden zur Umgestaltung Nachkriegs-Deutschlands, besonders zur Umerziehung, 1942-1949; 1. "Project To Survey Present German Educational Practices in the Field of Social Sciences as a Means for Democratization. Supplementary Statements" 28.02.1949; a) Teilstück, Typoskript, 1 Blatt; b)-f) Typoskripte, zum Teil mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 21 Blatt; g) Eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; h) Eigenhändige Notizen von Theodor W. Adorno, 1 Blatt; 2. Marcuse, Herbert: 2 Briefe mit Unterschrift an Max Horkheimer und Beil, ohne Ort, 1949; 1 Brief mit Unterschrift von Max Horkheimer, Pacific Palisades, 25.02.1949; 3. "German Project" a) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 12 Blatt; b) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 12 Blatt; c) Typoskript mit eigenhändigen Korrekturen von Max Horkheimer, 5 Blatt; d) Eigenhändige Notizen von Max Horkheimer, 1 Blatt; 4. Emhardt, K.H.: 1 Briefabschrift an Max Horkheimer, München, 20.06.1948, 1 Blatt; 5. "Untersuchunge über die Durchführung und das Ergebnis der politischen Säuberung an den Hochschulen der Westzone" a) Typoskript, 4 Blatt; b) Typoskript mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, 2 Blatt; 6. Über Antisemitismus und politische Fragen im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Auszug aus einem Brief von "F.L.", 1949, Typoskirpt, 9 Blatt; 7. "Liste of Signers of the 1933 manifesto". 1 Blatt; 8. Marcuse, Herbert: Über Probleme der Demokratisierung und des Chauvinismus im Nachkriegsdeutschland. Teilstück eines Typoskripts, 4 Blatt, mit einem eigenhändigen Brief mit Unterschrift an Leo Löwenthal, ohne Ort, 25.11.1948, 1 Blatt;

Marriage as women's old age insurance : evidence from migration and land inheritance practices in rural Tanzania

In a traditional system of exogamous and patrilocal marriage prevalent in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, when she marries, a rural woman typically leaves her kin to reside with her husband living outside her natal village. Since a village that allows a widow to inherit her late husband's land can provide her with old age security, single females living outside the village are more likely to marry into the village. Using a natural experimental setting, provided by the longitudinal household panel data drawn from rural Tanzania for the period from 1991 to 2004, during which several villages that initially banned a widow's land inheritance removed this discrimination, this study provides evidence in support of this view, whereby altering a customary land inheritance rules in a village in favor of widows increased the probability of males marrying in that village. This finding suggests that providing rural women with old age protection (e.g., insurance, livelihood protection) has remarkable spatial and temporal welfare effects by influencing their decision to marry.

Business contracting-out practices.

"Summary 87-8."

Public regulation of competitive practices in business enterprise /

Includes indexes.

Improving the quality of work life : managerial practices /

Photocopy of: 1975 ed.

Survey of area industrial relations practices.

Mimeographed.

Unemployment insurance non-monetary policies and practices : how do they affect program participation? : a study of 8 states /

"July 2003."

Employment Service : preliminary analysis of policies and practices related to performance /

"October 31,1989."

Employment and training for America's homeless : best practices guide /

"Prepared under the direction of the Office of Policy and Research (OPR) of the Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration (DOL/ETA) by James Bell Associates, Inc. (JBA). The authors are Susan Kessler Beck ... [et al.]"--1st printed p.

Fair Employment Practice Act (Chapter 121, Part 4.5, Division 2, Labor code) : FEPC rules and regulations : guide to pre-employment inquiries.

Cover title.

Survey of the federal government on supervisor practices in employment of people with disabilities /

Shipping list no.: 2003-0007-P.

A Temporary Hometown: Gendered Labor and Social Citizenship in Bremerton, Washington, a Domestic Military Colony

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06