Estudos e projetos de filtro interdigital em microfita para aplicação prática ao transponder do satélite ITASAT

This work shows a theoretical analysis together with numerical and experimental results of transmission characteristics from the microstrip bandpass filters with different geometries. These filters are built over isotropic dielectric substrates. The numerical analysis is made by specifical commercial softwares, like Ansoft Designer and Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS). In addition to these tools, a Matlab Script was built to analyze the filters through the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The filters project focused the development of the first stage of filtering in the ITASAT s Transponder receptor, and its integration with the others systems. Some microstrip filters architectures have been studied, aiming the viability of implementation and suitable practical application for the purposes of the ITASAT Project due to its lowspace occupation in the lower UHF frequencies. The ITASAT project is a Universityexperimental project which will build a satellite to integrate the Brazilian Data Collect System s satellite constellation, with efforts of many Brazilian institutes, like for example AEB (Brazilian Spatial Agency), ITA (Technological Institute of Aeronautics), INPE/CRN (National Institute of Spatial Researches/Northeastern Regional Center) and UFRN (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte). Comparisons were made between numerical and experimental results of all filters, where good agreements could be noticed, reaching the most of the objectives. Also, post-work improvements were suggested.

Positive leader characteristics from high-speed video observations

Based on analyses of high-speed video recordings of cloud-to-ground lightning in Brazil and the USA, the characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) leaders are presented. The high frame rates permitted the average, 2-dimensional speeds of development along the paths of the channels to be resolved with good accuracy. The values range from 0.3 to 6.0 x 10(5) ms(-1) with a mean of 2.7 x 10(5) ms(-1). Contrary to what is usually assumed, downward +CG leader speeds are similar to downward -CG leader speeds. Our observations also show that the speeds tend to increase by a factor of 1.1 to 6.5 as they approach the ground. The presence of short duration, recoil leaders (RLs) during the development of positive leaders reveal a highly branched structure that is not usually recorded when using conventional photographic and video cameras. The existence of the RLs may help to explain observations of UHF-VHF radiation during the development of +CG flashes.

Interatividade na TV digital universitária: programa debate livre

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC

Desenvolvimento de um sintetizador de freqüência de baixo custo em tecnologia CMOS

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Projeto de um monopolo Hi para aplicações no sistema brasileiro de TV digital

A presente pesquisa trata o projeto e análise de uma antena monopolo planar com geometria modificada visando sua utilização para recepção do sinal de TV digital operante no Brasil na faixa de 470 MHz a 806 MHz. Faixa essa contida no espectro de UHF – Ultra High Frequency (300 MHz a 3 GHz). Para desenvolvimento desse trabalho foi tomado como referência à antena denominada “The Hi Monopole”. Que originalmente foi apresentada para operar em sistemas UWB (Ultra Wide Band) em 3,1 a 10,6 GHz. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho proposto, diferentes técnicas de adequação da antena podem ser utilizadas para operação em banda larga, tais como: modificação na estrutura da antena, carregamento resistivo, chaveamento, utilização de elementos parasitas e estruturas de casamento. O projeto de antenas banda larga pode ser realizado a partir de três abordagens diferentes: domínio do tempo, domínio da frequência e método de expansão por singularidades. O método no domínio da frequência foi empregado neste trabalho para o projeto da antena proposta, algumas das técnicas supracitadas foram analisadas almejando o aumento da largura de banda, sendo confeccionado um protótipo da antena para validar os conceitos empregados. A antena foi então projetada para a faixa de 470 MHz a 890 MHz. O protótipo construído para essa mesma faixa apresentou bons resultados, o que valida à técnica empregada. Aspectos positivos e negativos do uso desta técnica são discutidos ao longo do trabalho. O programa computacional comercial CST® MICROWAVE STUDIO, baseado na Técnica da Integração Finita (FIT), foi usado para simulações no domínio da frequência.

Predição de campo elétrico para TV digital usando Funções de Green diádicas

Este trabalho oferece um método para a predição da intensidade de campo elétrico para TV Digital utilizando a Função de Green diádica. A Diádica é uma ferramenta matemática eficiente que tem simplicidade simbólica e robustez permitindo, assim, que algumas características do meio (como permissividade, condutividade e permeabilidade, por exemplo) sejam consideradas na elaboração do modelo de campo elétrico, bem como levar em conta a anisotropia do meio. Na maior parte dos trabalhos correlatos, que utilizam as funções de Green diádicas, estão relacionados na faixa de VHF. Este trabalho irá apresentar desde os conceitos básicos das diádicas, desenvolvendo-a para o cálculo de um modelo que permita predizer o campo elétrico para a faixa de UHF, na qual os sistemas de TV Digital se encontram. Uma explanação teórica e um desenvolvimento matemático serão feitos de forma que um entendimento claro e objetivo sejam alcançados no estudo das funções de Green diádicas, numa parte da teoria do eletromagnetismo. Testes foram realizados para confirmar a aplicabilidade da formulação sugerida, fazendo simulações que realizem uma comparação entre os dados medidos, de duas emissoras de TV situadas na cidade de Belém, e o modelo de Okumura-Hata modificado, mostrando resultados satisfatórios, tanto para frequências na faixa de VHF e UHF.

Tecniche di localizzazione indoor per il tracciamento di oggetti: studio per un caso reale

Nuovi sviluppi nella comunicazione wireless e nell'elettronica hanno permesso lo sviluppo di dispositivi poco costosi, poco energivori e multifunzione, piccoli in dimensione e in grado di comunicare a breve distanza. Collegati con tecnologie senza fili e disponibili in gran numero, questi sensori hanno offerto opportunità senza precedenti nel monitorare e controllare case, città, e l'ambiente. In aggiunta, i sensori wireless hanno anche una vasta gamma di applicazioni nella sicurezza, generando nuove capacità di riconoscimento e sorveglianza, unite ad altre finalità tattiche. La capacità di localizzazione di questi congegni poi è altamente studiata e ricercata, per applicazioni che vanno dal monitoraggio di incendi,della qualità dell'acqua e dell'agricoltura di precisione alla gestione di inventari, di sistemi anti intrusione, monitoraggio del traffico e di parametri medici. Da questo esteso panorama di utilizzi, è scaturita l'idea di un impiego di queste reti in un contesto particolare. L'esperienza maturata in ambito fieristico mi ha portato a considerare una problematica da sempre sentita, ma che non ha mai trovato soluzioni soddisfacenti o definitive, che è quella della protezione dei beni dai rapinatori. In questo ultimo periodo, dove si assiste ad un progressivo ma repentino calo degli affari dovuto ad una congiuntura economica mondiale sfavorevole, il problema è più avvertito da chi, in vari settori, vede un sempre più basso margine di compensazione ai furti.

Cognitive radio applications for enhanced spectrum efficiency

The aim of this thesis is the study of techniques for efficient management and use of the spectrum based on cognitive radio technology. The ability of cognitive radio technologies to adapt to the real-time conditions of its operating environment, offers the potential for more flexible use of the available spectrum. In this context, the international interest is particularly focused on the “white spaces” in the UHF band of digital terrestrial television. Spectrum sensing and geo-location database have been considered in order to obtain information on the electromagnetic environment. Different methodologies have been considered in order to investigate spectral resources potentially available for the white space devices in the TV band. The adopted methodologies are based on the geo-location database approach used either in autonomous operation or in combination with sensing techniques. A novel and computationally efficient methodology for the calculation of the maximum permitted white space device EIRP is then proposed. The methodology is suitable for implementation in TV white space databases. Different Italian scenarios are analyzed in order to identify both the available spectrum and the white space device emission limits. Finally two different applications of cognitive radio technology are considered. The first considered application is the emergency management. The attention is focused on the consideration of both cognitive and autonomic networking approaches when deploying an emergency management system. The cognitive technology is then considered in applications related to satellite systems. In particular a hybrid cognitive satellite-terrestrial is introduced and an analysis of coexistence between terrestrial and satellite networks by considering a cognitive approach is performed.

Minutos de fuego. Zonas de riesgo

Reflexión o manipulaciónde las zonas de riesgo llevadas a un ámbito geográfico, tratamiento y manipulación de datos

Particle filtering for indoor RFID tag tracking

In this paper, we propose a particle filtering (PF) method for indoor tracking using radio frequency identification (RFID) based on aggregated binary measurements. We use an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID system that is composed of a standard RFID reader, a large set of standard passive tags whose locations are known, and a newly designed, special semi-passive tag attached to an object that is tracked. This semi-passive tag has the dual ability to sense the backscatter communication between the reader and other passive tags which are in its proximity and to communicate this sensed information to the reader using backscatter modulation. We refer to this tag as a sense-a-tag (ST). Thus, the ST can provide the reader with information that can be used to determine the kinematic parameters of the object on which the ST is attached. We demonstrate the performance of the method with data obtained in a laboratory environment.

A Radio Frequency Identification System for accurate indoor localization

In this paper we present a novel Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for accurate indoor localization. The system is composed of a standard Ultra High Frequency (UHF), ISO-18006C compliant RFID reader, a large set of standard passive RFID tags whose locations are known, and a newly developed tag-like RFID component that is attached to the items that need to be localized. The new semi-passive component, referred to as sensatag (sense-a-tag), has a dual functionality wherein it can sense the communication between the reader and standard tags which are in its proximity, and also communicate with the reader like standard tags using backscatter modulation. Based on the information conveyed by the sensatags to the reader, localization algorithms based on binary sensor principles can be developed. We present results from real measurements that show the accuracy of the proposed system.

Processing of ultra-wideband low-frequency signals, for application in Foliage Penetration (FOPEN) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems

Foliage Penetration (FOPEN) radar systems were introduced in 1960, and have been constantly improved by several organizations since that time. The use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) approaches for this application has important advantages, due to the need for high resolution in two dimensions. The design of this type of systems, however, includes some complications that are not present in standard SAR systems. FOPEN SAR systems need to operate with a low central frequency (VHF or UHF bands) in order to be able to penetrate the foliage. High bandwidth is also required to obtain high resolution. Due to the low central frequency, large integration angles are required during SAR image formation, and therefore the Range Migration Algorithm (RMA) is used. This project thesis identifies the three main complications that arise due to these requirements. First, a high fractional bandwidth makes narrowband propagation models no longer valid. Second, the VHF and UHF bands are used by many communications systems. The transmitted signal spectrum needs to be notched to avoid interfering them. Third, those communications systems cause Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) on the received signal. The thesis carries out a thorough analysis of the three problems, their degrading effects and possible solutions to compensate them. The UWB model is applied to the SAR signal, and the degradation induced by it is derived. The result is tested through simulation of both a single pulse stretch processor and the complete RMA image formation. Both methods show that the degradation is negligible, and therefore the UWB propagation effect does not need compensation. A technique is derived to design a notched transmitted signal. Then, its effect on the SAR image formation is evaluated analytically. It is shown that the stretch processor introduces a processing gain that reduces the degrading effects of the notches. The remaining degrading effect after processing gain is assessed through simulation, and an experimental graph of degradation as a function of percentage of nulled frequencies is obtained. The RFI is characterized and its effect on the SAR processor is derived. Once again, a processing gain is found to be introduced by the receiver. As the RFI power can be much higher than that of the desired signal, an algorithm is proposed to remove the RFI from the received signal before RMA processing. This algorithm is a modification of the Chirp Least Squares Algorithm (CLSA) explained in [4], which adapts it to deramped signals. The algorithm is derived analytically and then its performance is evaluated through simulation, showing that it is effective in removing the RFI and reducing the degradation caused by both RFI and notching. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to the importance of each one of the problems in SAR system design.

Análisis prospectivo del despliegue de redes de comunicaciones móviles LTE en nuevas bandas de frecuencia mediante el desarrollo de modelos tecnoeconómicos

El estándar LTE se ha posicionado como una de las claves para que los operadores de telecomunicación puedan abordar de manera eficiente en costes el crecimiento de la demanda de tráfico móvil que se prevé para los próximos años, al ser una tecnología más escalable en el núcleo de la red y más flexible en la interfaz radio que sus predecesoras. En este sentido, es necesario también que los reguladores garanticen un acceso al espectro radioeléctrico adecuado, equitativo y no discriminatorio, que permita un entorno estable para el despliegue de redes de comunicaciones móviles avanzadas. Además de la flexibilización del marco regulador del espectro radioeléctrico en Europa, que ha permitido el despliegue de nuevas tecnologías en las bandas de frecuencia históricas de GSM, se ha puesto a disposición espectro adicional para sistemas IMT en nuevas bandas de frecuencia, lo que ha planteando a su vez nuevos retos para la tecnología y la regulación. La fragmentación del espectro disponible para comunicaciones móviles ha impulsado el desarrollo de técnicas de agregación de portadoras en las nuevas versiones del estándar LTE, que permiten explotar mejor los recursos radio en su conjunto. No obstante, el espectro inferior a 1 GHz sigue siendo escaso, ya que el tráfico móvil aumenta y la banda de 900 MHz aún se utiliza para servicios GSM, lo que no ha conseguido sino agravar la disputa entre los servicios de radiodifusión terrestre y de comunicaciones móviles por la parte superior de la banda UHF. En concreto, la banda de 700 MHz se perfila como una de las próximas para aumentar el espectro disponible para los servicios en movilidad, si bien su liberación por parte de las actuales redes de Televisión Digital Terrestre presenta no pocas dificultades en los Estados miembros en los que ésta es la principal plataforma audiovisual de acceso gratuito, abriendo un debate sobre el modelo audiovisual a largo plazo en Europa. Por otro lado, las políticas públicas de promoción del acceso a la banda ancha rápida y ultrarrápida de la presente década han establecido objetivos ambiciosos para el año 2020, tanto en el ámbito europeo como en los diferentes Estados miembros. La universalización del acceso a redes de banda ancha de al menos 30 Mbps constituye uno de los principales retos. Las expectativas generadas por la tecnología LTE y la puesta a disposición de nuevas bandas de frecuencia hace posible que los servicios de acceso fijo inalámbrico adquieran especial relevancia ante los objetivos de política pública establecidos que, como ha sido reconocido en diversas ocasiones, no podrán lograrse sino con un compendio de diferente tecnologías. Para esta Tesis Doctoral se han desarrollado una serie modelos tecnoeconómicos con el objetivo de realizar un análisis prospectivo que evalúa tres casos de especial relevancia en el despliegue de redes LTE: en primer lugar, la valoración económica de la banda de 700 MHz; en segundo lugar, la evaluación de modelos de negocio y reducción de costes considerando tecnologías femtocelulares; y finalmente, la viabilidad de las redes LTE de acceso fijo inalámbrico para el cierre de la brecha digital en el acceso a la banda ancha de 30 Mbps. En relación con la aplicación del análisis tecnoeconómico para la valoración del espectro de 700 MHz, los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto dos cuestiones fundamentales. En primer lugar, la necesidad de asignar a los operadores más espectro para satisfacer las previsiones de demanda de tráfico móvil a medio plazo. En segundo, existe una diferencia notable en los costes de despliegue de una red LTE cuando se dispone de espectro en frecuencias inferiores a 1 GHz y cuando no, pero esta diferencia de costes disminuye a medida que se añade nuevo espectro sub-1GHz. De esta manera, la atribución de la banda de 700 MHz a servicios de comunicaciones móviles supone una reducción relevante en los costes de despliegue si el operador no dispone de espectro en la banda de 800 MHz, pero no así si ya dispone de espectro en bandas bajas para el despliegue. En este sentido, puede concluirse que el precio que los operadores estarán dispuestos a pagar por el espectro de la banda de 700 MHz dependerá de si ya tienen disponible espectro en la banda de 800 MHz. Sin embargo, dado que la competencia por ese espectro será menor, los ingresos esperables en las licitaciones de esta nueva banda serán en general menores, a pesar de que para algunos operadores este espectro sería tan valioso como el de 800 MHz. En segundo lugar, en relación con el despliegue de femtoceldas pueden extraerse algunas conclusiones en términos de ahorro de costes de despliegue y también de cara a la viabilidad de los modelos de negocio que posibilitan. El ahorro que supone la introducción de femtoceldas en el despliegue de una red LTE frente al caso de un despliegue exclusivamente macrocelular se ha demostrado que es mayor cuanto menor es el ancho de banda disponible para la red macrocelular. En esta línea, para un operador convergente el despliegue de femtoceldas tiene sentido económico si el ancho de banda disponible es escaso (en torno a 2x10 MHz), que, en el caso de España, puede reflejar el caso de los operadores del segmento fijo que son nuevos entrantes en el móvil. Por otro lado, los modelos de acceso abierto son interesantes para operadores exclusivamente móviles, porque consiguen flexibilizar los costes sustituyendo estaciones base macrocelulares por el despliegue de femtoceldas, pero necesitan desplegarse en zonas con una densidad de población relativamente elevada para que éstas descarguen tráfico de varios usuarios de la red macrocelular simultáneamente. No obstante, las femtoceldas son beneficiosas en todo caso si es el usuario quien asume los costes de la femtocelda y el backhaul, lo que sólo parece probable si se integran en el modelo de negocio de comercialización de nuevos servicios. Por tanto, el despliegue de femtoceldas en buena parte de la casuística estudiada sólo tiene sentido si consiguen aumentar los ingresos por usuario comercializando servicios de valor añadido que necesiten calidad de servicio garantizada y exploten a la vez de esa forma su principal ventaja competitiva respecto a la tecnología WiFi. Finalmente, en relación con el papel de la tecnología LTE para la provisión de servicios de acceso fijo inalámbrico para la banda ancha de 30 Mbps, se ha desarrollado un modelo TD-LTE y mediante la metodología de análisis tecnoeconómico se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo para el caso de España. Los resultados obtenidos preciden una huella de cobertura de FTTH del 74% para 2020, y demuestran que una red TD-LTE en la banda de 3,5 GHz resulta viable para aumentar la cobertura de servicios de 30 Mbps en 14 puntos porcentuales. Junto con la consideración de la cobertura de otras redes, la cobertura de 30 Mbps de acuerdo a la viabilidad de los despliegues alcanzaría el 95% en España en el año 2020. Como resumen, los resultados obtenidos muestran en todos los casos la capacidad de la tecnología LTE para afrontar nuevos desafíos en relación con el aumento del tráfico móvil, especialmente crítico en las zonas más urbanas, y el cierre de la brecha digital en el acceso a la banda ancha rápida en las zonas más rurales. ABSTRACT The LTE standard has been pointed out as one of the keys for telecom operators to address the demand growth in mobile traffic foreseen for the next years in a cost-efficient way, since its core network is more scalable and its radio interface more flexible than those of its predecessor technologies. On the other hand, regulators need to guarantee an adequate, equitable and non-discriminatory access to radio spectrum, which enable a favorable environment for the deployment of advanced mobile communication networks. Despite the reform of the spectrum regulatory framework in Europe, which allowed for the deployment of new technologies in the historic GSM bands, additional spectrum has been allocated to IMT systems in new frequency bands, what in turn has set out new challenges for technology and regulation. The current fragmentation of available spectrum in very different frequency bands has boosted the development of carrier aggregation techniques in most recent releases of the LTE standard, which permit a better exploitation of radio resources as a whole. Nonetheless, spectrum below 1 GHz is still scarce for mobile networks, since mobile traffic increases at a more rapid pace than spectral efficiency and spectrum resources. The 900 MHz frequency band is still being used for GSM services, what has worsen the dispute between mobile communication services and terrestrial broadcasting services for the upper part of the UHF band. Concretely, the 700 MHz frequency band has been pointed out as one of the next bands to be allocated to mobile in order to increase available spectrum. However, its release by current Digital Terrestrial Television networks is challenging in Member States where it constitutes the main free access audiovisual platform, opening up a new debate around the audiovisual model in the long term in Europe. On the other hand, public policies of the present decade to promote fast and ultrafast broadband access has established very ambitious objectives for the year 2020, both at European and national levels. Universalization of 30 Mbps broadband access networks constitutes one of the main challenges. Expectations raised by LTE technology and the allocation of new frequency bands has lead fixed wireless access (FWA) services to acquire special relevance in light of public policy objectives, which will not be met but with a compendium of different technologies, as different involved stakeholders have acknowledged. This PhD Dissertation develops techno-economic models to carry out a prospective analysis for three cases of special relevance in LTE networks’ deployment: the spectrum pricing of the 700 MHz frequency band, an assessment of new business models and cost reduction considering femtocell technologies, and the feasibility of LTE fixed wireless access networks to close the 30 Mbps broadband access gap in rural areas. In the first place and regarding the application of techno-economic analysis for 700 MHz spectrum pricing, obtained results reveal two core issues. First of all, the need to allocate more spectrum for operators in order to fulfill mobile traffic demand in the mid-term. Secondly, there is a substantial difference in deployment costs for a LTE network when there is sub-1GHz spectrum available and when there is not, but this difference decreases as additional sub-1GHz spectrum is added. Thus, the allocation of 700 MHz band to mobile communication services would cause a relevant reduction in deployment costs if the operator does not count on spectrum in the 800 MHz, but not if it already has been assigned spectrum in low frequencies for the deployment. In this regard, the price operators will be willing to pay for 700 MHz spectrum will depend on them having already spectrum in the 800 MHz frequency band or not. However, since competition for the new spectrum will not be so strong, expected incomes from 700 MHz spectrum awards will be generally lower than those from the digital dividend, despite this spectrum being as valuable as 800 MHz spectrum for some operators. In the second place, regarding femtocell deployment, some conclusions can be drawn in terms of deployment cost savings and also with reference to the business model they enable. Savings provided by a joint macro-femto LTE network as compared to an exclusively macrocellular deployment increase as the available bandwidth for the macrocells decreases. Therefore, for a convergent operator the deployment of femtocells can only have economic sense if the available bandwidth is scarce (around 2x10 MHz), which might be the case of fix market operators which are new entrant in mobile market. Besides, open access models are interesting for exclusively mobile operators, since they make costs more flexible by substituting macrocell base stations by femtocells, but they need to be deployed relatively densely populated areas so that they can offload traffic from several macrocell users simultaneously. Nonetheless, femtocells are beneficial in all cases if the user assumes both femtocell and backhaul costs, which only seems probable if they are integrated in a business model commercializing new services. Therefore, in many of the cases analyzed femtocell deployment only makes sense if they increase revenues per user through new added value services which need from guaranteed quality of service, thus exploiting its main competitive advantage compared to WiFi. Finally, regarding the role of LTE technology in the provision of fixed wireless access services for 30 Mbps broadband, a TD-LTE model has been developed and a prospective study has been carried out through techno-economic methodology for the Spanish case. Obtained results foresee a FTTH coverage footprint of 74% households for 2020, and prove that a TD-LTE network in the 3.5 GHz band results feasible to increase 30 Mbps service coverage in additional 14 percentage points. To sum up, obtained results show LTE technology capability to address new challenges regarding both mobile traffic growth, particularly critical in urban zones, and the current digital divide in fast broadband access in most rural zones.

Comparison of structures and energies of CH52+• with CH4+• and their possible role in superacidic methane activation

Contrary to previous theoretical studies at the UHF/6-31G* level, the methonium radical dication CH52+ is not a Cs symmetrical structure with a 2e—3c bond but a C2v symmetrical structure 1 with two 2e—3c bonds (at the UHF/6-31G**, UMP2/6-31G**, and UQCISD(T)/6-311G** levels). The Cs symmetrical structure is not even a minimum at the higher level of calculations. The four hydrogen atoms in 1 are bonded to the carbon atom by two 2e—3c bonds and the fifth hydrogen atom by a 2e—2c bond. The unpaired electron of 1 is located in a formal p-orbital (of the sp2-hybridized carbon atom) perpendicular to the plane of the molecule. Hydrogen scrambling in 1 is however extremely facile, as is in other C1 cations. It is found that the protonation of methane to CH5+ decreases the energy for subsequent homolytic cleavage resulting in the exothermic (24.1 kcal/mol) formation of CH4+•. Subsequent reaction with neutral methane while reforming CH5+ gives the methyl radical enabling reaction with excess methane to ethane and H2. The overall reaction is endothermic by 11.4 kcal/mol, but offers under conditions of oxidative removal of H2 an alternative to the more energetic carbocationic conversion of methane.

Television inquiry : hearings before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress, second session, pursuant to Senate resolutions 13 and 163.

Hearings held Jan. 26, 1956 - Feb. 5, 1960, pursuant to Senate resolution 18, 84th Cong. [and others] volume 8 has also special subtitle : The finale phase of the Committee's inquiry with reference to overall television allocations.