244 resultados para Tributação
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In the Brazilian legal scenario, the study of taxation has traditionally been restricted to positivist analysis, concerned with investigating the formal aspects of the tax legal rule. Despite its relevance to the formation of the national doctrine of tax, such formalist tradition limits the discipline, separating it from reality and the socioeconomic context in which the Tax Law is inserted. Thus, the proposal of the dissertation is to examine the fundamentals and nature of taxation and tax legal rules from the perspective of Law and Economics (Economic Analysis of Law). For this purpose, the work initially reconnects the Tax Law and Science of Finance (or Public Finance) and Fiscal Policy, undertaking not only a legal analysis, but also economic and financial analysis of the theme. The Economics of Public Sector (or Modern Public Finance) will contribute to the research through topics such as market failures and economic theory of taxation, which are essential to an economic approach to Tax Law. The core of the work lies in the application of Law and Economics instruments in the study of taxation, analyzing the effects of tax rules on the economic system. Accordingly, the dissertation examines the fundamental assumptions that make up the Economic Analysis of Law (as the concept of economic efficiency and its relation to equity), relating them to the tax phenomenon. Due to the nature of the Brazilian legal system, any worth investigation or approach, including Law and Economics, could not pass off the Constitution. Thus, the constitutional rules will serve as a limit and a prerequisite for the application of Law and Economics on taxation, particularly the rules related to property rights, freedom, equality and legal certainty. The relationship between taxation and market failures receives prominent role, particularly due to its importance to the Law and Economics, as well as to the role that taxation plays in the correction of these failures. In addition to performing a review of taxation under the approach of Economic Analysis of Law, the research also investigates the reality of Brazilian tax system, applying the concepts developed in relevant cases and issues to the national scene, such as the relationship between taxation and development, the compliance costs of taxation, the tax evasion and the tax enforcement procedure. Given the above, it is intended to lay the groundwork for a general theory of Economic Analysis of Tax Law, contextualizing it with the Brazilian tax system
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The study aims to investigate the limits of state intervention via induction on Economic Order, especially in cases regarding tax equality, through the analysis of their effects on economic development and on free competition from the perspective of economic efficiency and the Constitution. Thus, the work seeks to demonstrate that the achievement of equality in taxation is important in that it strengthens the economic relations in terms of efficiency, protects competition and fosters economic development to reduce regional and social inequalities and other constitutional desiderata. A dissertation is characterized by interdisciplinarity and was divided into two parts. The first is to discuss the legal meaning of equality from the doctrinal analysis of the principle and the relationship between equality and justice in the economic sense without rejecting its philosophical content. It is noteworthy that hermeneutics and the philosophy of language are useful tools for achieving equality in presenting the pragmatic methodologies applicable to the subject in terms of corrective justice. Based on these general assumptions, is going to study the tax equality and their characteristics, the corollary of the ability to pay and its relation to the economic capacity and the issue of progressivity in taxation as an ideal of distributive justice. The second part concerns the legal foundations of Economic Order and its relation to extrafiscality as a means of economic regulation in order to investigate the efficiency of this induction in order to promote economic development, free competition and tax equality itself to reduce inequalities and distributing wealth. Within this context, we investigated the scope of the constitutional principles of economic order, free enterprise and free competition, and favored differential treatment for small and medium enterprises, the issue of regional development for the reduction of regional and social inequalities, the problem the "fiscal war" and finally the efficiency from the perspective of Economic Analysis of Law
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This paperwork attempts to measure the project management maturity in the State Department of Taxation in Rio Grande do Norte. Project management has shown to be a critical component to any organization success, as the projects are directly related to a set of activities resulting into organizational innovations such as products, services and processes; and its improvement is directly aligned with the strategic management. Methodologically, this paperwork uses both a quantitative and qualitative approach that will be applied to the coordinators, sub-coordinators, and directors of the Regional Offices of the State Department of Taxation. In the theoretical reference it is about the public management and analyzes the strategic management in contemporary public administration. Presents the maturity in project management is by discussing the main models: CMM, Capability Maturity Model; PMMM, Project Management Maturity Model; OPM3, Organization Project Maturity Model and the Prado-MMGP, Modelo de Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos. From this analysis, considering attributes as an aid in taking strategic positioning, access to the model, possibility of benchmarking and continuous improvement, the Prado-MMGP model was the most appropriate for this research process. It has been proved that the State Department of Taxation shows a very low project management maturity level. Regarding the acceptance of the maturity dimensions by the State Department, it is still in an early developmental stage, as one of the dimensions showed a poor performance while the rest showed a regular one. In contrast with similar organizations, the maturity results have shown to be below the national average. The maturity assessment enables in the institution the implementation of a plan for institutional growth with the creation of sector strategic and project management
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A experiência brasileira com a taxação de transações financeiras pode ser analisada a partir do Imposto sobre Operações Financeiras (IOF) e da Contribuição Provisória sobre Movimentações Financeiras (CPMF). Apesar de ambos incidirem sobre transações financeiras, os seus objetivos são distintos, assim como o contexto de criação de cada um deles. Enquanto o IOF foi criado como um instrumento auxiliar da política monetária, com incidência sobre um conjunto amplo de operações, inclusive aquelas realizadas por investidores estrangeiros, a CPMF constitui um tipo particular de tributação de transações financeiras (financial transaction taxes), incidente sobre operações financeiras domésticas e com um objetivo arrecadatório. A experiência brasileira com a tributação de transações financeiras ilustra a capacidade de esses tributos perseguirem um conjunto relativamente amplo de objetivos. A consolidação dessa prática de fiscalização no período de vigência da CPMF garantiu sua permanência mesmo após a extinção da contribuição no final de 2007. Ao contrário do que supunham seus críticos, durante a vigência da sua maior alíquota (0,38%), a CPMF não causou nem desintermediação financeira nem fuga de capitais. No momento como atual, em que os líderes dos principais países discutem a conveniência de tributar as transações financeiras, mediante a imposição de uma taxa Tobin sobre os fluxos internacionais, a experiência brasileira pode fornecer importante subsídios para o debate. De igual modo, outros países podem extrair importantes lições tanto do êxito da CMPF como instrumento de combate à sonegação fiscal e à "lavagem de dinheiro" como da utilização do IOF como instrumento de controle de capitais estrito senso. O caso brasileiro fornece evidências sólidas que os tributos sobre transações financeiras são ferramentais auxiliares bastante úteis na regulação dos mercados privados.
Resumo:
Neste artigo, apresentam-se algumas lógicas que fundamentam a tributação, a cobrança de royalties e o estabelecimento de favores fiscais, analisando-se as possibilidades de usar essas compensações para favorecer a articulação da mineração com dinâmicas de enraizamento social do desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que na Amazônia não há políticas públicas de concessão de favores fiscais que induzam as empresas mineradoras a adotar comportamentos que contribuam para o desenvolvimento regional. Constata-se também que as alíquotas de royalties fixadas no Brasil são relativamente baixas, o que se deve mais a uma apropriação desigual do poder político do que a uma restrição microeconômica.
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Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS
Resumo:
Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a tributação sobre os principais bens finais do setor sucroenergético, quais sejam açúcar e álcool. Para tanto, estima-se - a partir da metodologia de recolhimento da cada tributo - a carga tributária potencial incidente sobre estes produtos em todos os elos de suas cadeias no estado de São Paulo nos anos de 2000 e 2008. Os resultados apontam para uma carga tributária potencial de 23,04% do preço final do álcool hidratado e de 27,39% do preço final do açúcar cristal em 2008. Com o objetivo de mensurar a importância da isenção de alguns tributos às vendas externas, este artigo estima as diferenças em termos de carga tributária potencial entre o álcool/açúcar exportado e aquele vendido no mercado doméstico. A diferença da carga tributária incidente sobre o álcool exportado pela usina e aquele vendido para o mercado doméstico é estimada em 15,65 pp. Para o açúcar, essa diferença é de 21,25 pp. Por último, estima-se a carga tributária incidente sobre o setor no ano 2000 - que foi de 40,08% para o álcool hidratado e de 25,91% para o açúcar. Observa-se um aumento da carga incidente sobre o açúcar e redução da carga incidente sobre o álcool.