1000 resultados para Teor de nutrientes foliar


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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A utilização de fertilizantes revestidos pode proporcionar menores perdas e maior disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, passíveis de absorção pelas plantas, tendo em vista a liberação gradativa dos nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de N, P e K, nos componentes de produção e na produtividade da cultura de milho irrigado no Cerrado. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 4 doses em cobertura (0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha-1 80 kg ha-1e 120 kg ha-1 e 2 fontes (ureia e ureia revestida), para o N; 4 doses (0 kg ha-1 50 kg ha-1 100 kg ha-1e 150 kg ha-1 e 2 fontes (superfosfato triplo e superfosfato triplo revestido), para o P; e 4 doses (0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha-1 80 kg ha-1e 120 kg ha-1 e 2 fontes (cloreto de potássio e cloreto de potássio revestido), para o K, com 4 repetições. Os fertilizantes revestidos por polímeros (ureia, superfosfato triplo e cloreto de potássio) não foram eficientes nas condições edafoclimáticas estudadas, pois proporcionaram resultados semelhantes aos mesmos fertilizantes convencionais, para os teores foliares de N, P e K, componentes de produção e produtividade de grãos de milho irrigado. O incremento das doses de N aumentou linearmente o teor de N foliar, número de espigas por hectare e a produtividade de grãos de milho. A aplicação de doses de K2O e P2O5 não influenciou a produtividade de grãos da cultura.

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Pesquisas com a cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) plantado em época normal, em solos argilosos de regiões tropicais, sugerem que as perdas de N do solo pela lixiviação não são significativas. A persistência da forma amoniacal nos solos tropicais tem sido maior que se supunha e, fisiologicamente, foi demonstrado que a absorção de N é mais intensa nos estádios iniciais das plantas. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do manejo do fertilizante nitrogenado na cultura do milho plantado na época denominada safrinha, foram plantados, em 3 de fevereiro de 1999, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, textura argilosa, em Jaboticabal, SP, dois híbridos de milho (o simples, C333B e o duplo, C444). Foram aplicados 0, 30, 60 e 90 kg/ha de N (uréia), em duas épocas: no plantio e após a emergência, quando as plantas atingiram cinco a seis folhas. A colheita foi efetuada em 7 de julho de 1999, quando foram avaliadas as características agronômicas e o teor de nutrientes nas folhas. em relação à época extemporânea, não houve efeito das doses nem da forma de aplicação do N, nas características de rendimento de grãos, massa de mil grãos, índice de colheita, altura das plantas e espigas, número de fileiras de grãos por espiga e número de grãos. Os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e Zn, determinados nas folhas do milho, não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos, pois os valores permaneceram dentro das faixas de teores tidos como adequados.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a staple food in nutritional diet of Brazilians and populations in developing countries, is a nutritionally rich legume with potential for biofortification. Approximately one third of the world population suffers from nutritional deficiencies, being necessary to increase the nutrient content in vegetables, especially iron (Fe), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), which are important micronutrients for plants and human health. In this context, three studies were carried out aiming to evaluate the potential of common bean cultivars to biofortification with Fe, Se and Zn, and verify the interaction between these minerals and iron bioavailability, in order to contribute to increased nutritional quality of grains, reducing the micronutrients deficiency and improving human health. In the first study, experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, with ten common bean cultivars in nutrient solution under different treatments with Fe, Se and Zn. The plant growth and the mineral content of the beans were evaluated in addition to verify the influence of polyphenol and phytate levels on Fe bioavailability in grains fortified with Zn and Se. The evaluated beans cultivars have proved promising for simultaneous biofortification with these nutrients without greatly affecting Fe bioavailability. In the second study, the aim was evaluate the interaction between Fe, Se and Zn in cultivars consumed in Brazil or in USA. Gene expression and root microscopy analysis were performed in order to understand the positive effect of Zn supply on the Fe uptake by roots. The expression of genes related to the transport and uptake of Fe and Zn did not clearly explain the influence of Zn in Fe nutrition. The roots microscopy and the evaluation of nutrient solutions used showed that, in the presence of Zn, there was Fe accumulation in epidermis of the roots and not in the vascular system, prone to be precipitated when it goes through the root membrane. In the latest study, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Zn fertilization via soil and foliar, in the content and accumulation of Fe and Zn in grains and in the yield of common bean cultivars, in addition to verify the amount of these micronutrients supplied by biofortified beans. The fertilization with Zn did not affect the yield, but provided high levels of this nutrient in grains of the cultivars analyzed, representing 27% of the recommended daily intake of Zn. The higher Fe content in beans, obtained when there was no application of foliar Zn, supplies 56% of the daily requirement of Fe.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Research has been conducted to identify the best nitrogen (N) rate for maize in most diverse types of soil management. However, there is no agreement on the results, once the dynamic of N is influenced by soil management and cover crops. This study evaluated dry mass production and nutrient uptake by cover crops, agronomic parameters and grain yield of maize in response to soil management and N rates. Field trials were carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in the growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20º 20' S and 51º 24' W, 340 m asl). Thirty-six treatments were established with four replications, in a randomized blocks design, with the combination of cover crops (millet, Crotalaria juncea and millet + Crotalaria juncea), soil management systems (tillage with chisel plow + lightweight disking, heavy disking + lightweight disking, and no-tillage) and topdressing N rates (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 - urea as source). Maize hybrid DKB 350 YG® was used and N applied at stage V5 (fifth expanded leaf). A linear increase with the increase of N rates was observed for chlorophyll leaf index, leaf N content, ear length and diameter, and grain weight and yield. Previously grown sunn hemp and millet + sunn hemp grown, associated with 120 kg ha-1 N for maize, induced a higher grain yield after two growing seasons.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the morphological alterations and the mineral composition of brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata) plants caused by mineral nutrients omission in a green house experiment. The experimental units were distributed in the green house according to a completely random design. The treatments, each repeated five times, were the following : check (natural soil), complete (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn) and a complete solution but for the omission of one of the nutrients in parenthesis. Each plot was represented by a plant growing in a 7 dm3 vase filled with Quartzarenic Neosol. The analyzed variables were the following: visual nutritional deficiency symptoms, plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, stem, branches and leaves included, and leaf nutrients level. The omission of nitrogen limited plant growth in height and shoot biomass production. The first visual deficiency symptoms were those due to N omission followed by those caused by P, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, and Mn omissions. Later on the K and B deficiency symptoms became visible. The omission of a nutrient always caused its level in the leaves to be significantly lower than that found when it was not omitted.

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)