Trade and investment flows between the Caribbean and the rest of the hemisphere in the context of the FTAA

Includes bibliography

Myanmar Sugar SMEs: History, Technology, Location and Government Policy

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engaged in sugar processing in Myanmar appeared in the last decade of the socialist era. An acute sugar deficit, restricted trade in white sugar, and high demand from the conventional dairy business led to the growth of sugar SMEs by appropriate blending of semi-finished products (syrup) in the fields, which were then processed in vacuum pans and centrifugals to obtain white sugar. This became a tradable commodity and sugar SMEs grew in clusters in big cities. They are family-owned businesses. However, they lack the bagasse-based power generation. In recent years, large modern sugar factories operated by private and military companies have emerged as key players. The current shortage of fuel feedstock and competition for raw materials have become driving forces that shift sugar SMEs from market-oriented to raw material-oriented locations. Internal competition among key players made sugar price highly volatile, too. Being placed on a level playing field, the whole industry should be upgraded in terms of price and quality to become export-oriented.

Approaches Regarding the Competition in Romanian Sugar Market

This paper proposes an economic instrument designed to assess the competitive nature of the sugar industry in Romania. In the first part of the paper is presented the theoretical background underlying index (HHI) and its calculation methodology. Then comes the results of a first application of this index for a total of 10 plants in the sugar industry, the robustness of these results is discussed. We believe HHI is a proactive tool that may prove useful competition authority, in its pursuit of continuous monitoring of various industries in the economy and in the internal decision-making on resource allocation institution (Peacock, and Prisecaru, 2013).The starting point of our research is to free competition in the European market with competitors much stronger than Romanian plants, plants that produce at a price lower than the domestic ones. In our study we will see if it is a concentration of production in factories around the strongest in Romania, concentration accompanied by the collapse of those who could not resist the market.The market concentration, competition policy, we will follow using the HHI index, for evaluation of impact analysis on existing trade, the number and size of competitors, protecting existing sales structures, avoiding disruptions in the competitive environment, etc.

Trade agreement digests. Prepared for use in connection with trade agreement negotiations.

Some of the vols. Issued in pts.

South Korea commitment to buy U.S. rice [microform] : hearings before the Subcommittee on Cotton, Rice, and Sugar of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, March 11 and 16, 1982.

"Serial no. 97-BBB."

The tea & coffee trade journal.

Description based on: Vol. 30, no. 1 (Jan. 1916); title from cover.

Review United States-Japan rice agreement [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Cotton, Rice, and Sugar of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session, February 26, 1981.

"Serial no. 97-B."

Collection of interesting and important reports and papers on the navigation and trade of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British colonies in the West Indies and America...

The two reports reprinted in this volume were framed by the Earl of Liverpool, President of the Committee on Trade and Foreign Plantations. cf. Introd. p.xiii.