UBVRI photometry of G, K, M Hipparcos stars

UBVRI data are presented for a set of 229 late-type stars, most of them being high proper motion stars. All these data are part of the Input Catalog planned observations for the Hipparcos mission.

UVBY-Beta Photometry for 67 Stars in the Region of Alpha-Persei

UVBY-Beta photometric data are presented for 67 stars in the region of alpha-Persei and their relationship to the cluster is analyzed. These data allowed us to confirm at least 16 new members of the alpha-Persei open cluster.

UBVRI photometry of G, K, M Hipparcos stars. II.

As indicated by Grenon (1989), the data of the present series of reports on the UBVRI photometry of late-type stars in the Hipparcos Input Catalog are to be employed in computations of Hipparcos observing time, as well as in evaluating the observability of faint stars by the satellite. Attention is here given to late type stars in the V = 8-12 range, including distant red giants in the Galactic plane (Hipparcos proposal 189), as well as high proper motion stars included in the G, LTT, LP, and MCC catalogs.

A type stars - physical parameters from UVBY and H-beta photometry

uvby H-beta photometry has been obtained for a sample of 93 selected main sequence A stars. The purpose was to determine accurate effective temperatures, surface gravities, and absolute magnitudes for an individual determination of ages and parallaxes, which have to be included in a more extensive work analyzing the kinematic properties of A V stars. Several calibrations and methods to determine the above mentioned parameters have been reviewed, allowing the design of a new algorithm for their determination. The results obtained using this procedure were tested in a previous paper using uvby H-beta data from the Hauck and Mermilliod catalogue, and comparing the rusulting temperatures, surface gravities and absolute magnitudes with empirical determinations of these parameters.

Maximum mass of neutron stars

We determine the structure of neutron stars within a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on realistic nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-hyperon, and hyperon-hyperon interactions. Our results indicate rather low maximum masses below 1.4 solar masses. This feature is insensitive to the nucleonic part of the EOS due to a strong compensation mechanism caused by the appearance of hyperons and represents thus strong evidence for the presence of nonbaryonic "quark" matter in the interior of heavy stars.

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Modèles d'atmosphères hors-ETL avec métaux : applications aux étoiles sous-naines chaudes

Avec la mise en place dans les dernières années d'une grappe d'ordinateurs (CALYS) dédiés aux calculs de modèles stellaires pour notre groupe de recherche, il nous est désormais possible d'exploiter à leur plein potentiel les modèles d'atmosphères hors équilibre thermodynamique local (HETL) en y incluant des éléments métalliques. Ce type de modèles, plutôt exigeant en temps de calcul, est toutefois essentiel pour analyser correctement les spectres d'étoiles chaudes comme les sous-naines de type O (sdO). Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse ont comme point commun l'utilisation de tels modèles d'atmosphères pour faire l'analyse spectroscopique d'étoiles sous-naines chaudes dans des contextes variés. Le coeur de cette thèse porte sur Bd+28 4211, une étoile standard de type sdO très chaude, dans laquelle le problème des raies de Balmer, qui empêche de reproduire ces dernières avec une unique, et réaliste, combinaison de paramètres atmosphériques, est bien présent. Dans un premier temps nous présentons une analyse approfondie de son spectre ultraviolet (UV). Cela nous permet de déterminer les abondances de métaux dans l'atmosphère de l'étoile et de contraindre sa température effective et sa gravité de surface. Par la suite, ces résultats servent de point de départ à l'analyse du spectre optique de l'étoile, dans lequel le problème des raies de Balmer se fait sentir. Cette analyse nous permet de conclure que l'inclusion des abondances métalliques propres à l'étoile dans les modèles d'atmosphères HETL n'est pas suffisant pour surmonter le problème des raies de Balmer. Toutefois, en y incluant des abondances dix fois solaires, nous arrivons à reproduire correctement les raies de Balmer et d'hélium présentes dans les spectres visibles lors d'un ajustement de paramètres. De plus, les paramètres résultants concordent avec ceux indiqués par le spectre UV. Nous concluons que des sources d'opacité encore inconnues ou mal modélisées sont à la source de ce problème endémique aux étoiles chaudes. Par la suite nous faisons une étude spectroscopique de Feige 48, une étoile de type sdB pulsante particulièrement importante. Nous arrivons à reproduire très bien le spectre visible de cette étoile, incluant les nombreuses raies métalliques qui s'y trouvent. Les paramètres fondamentaux obtenus pour Feige 48 corroborent ceux déjà présents dans la littérature, qui ont été obtenus avec des types de modèles d'atmosphères moins sophistiqués, ce qui implique que les effets HETL couplés à la présence de métaux ne sont pas importants dans l'atmosphère de cette étoile particulière. Nous pouvons donc affirmer que les paramètres de cette étoile sont fiables et peuvent servir de base à une future étude astérosismologique quantitative. Finalement, 38 étoiles sous-naines chaudes appartenant à l'amas globulaire omega Centauri ont été analysées afin de déterminer, outre leur température et gravité de surface, leurs abondances d'hélium et de carbone. Nous montrons qu'il existe une corrélation entre les abondances photosphériques de ces deux éléments. Nous trouvons aussi des différences entre les étoiles riches en hélium de l'amas du celles du champ. Dans leur ensemble, nos résultats remettent en question notre compréhension du mécanisme de formation des sous-naines riches en hélium.

Maximum mass of neutron stars

We determine the structure of neutron stars within a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on realistic nucleon-nucleon, nucleon-hyperon, and hyperon-hyperon interactions. Our results indicate rather low maximum masses below 1.4 solar masses. This feature is insensitive to the nucleonic part of the EOS due to a strong compensation mechanism caused by the appearance of hyperons and represents thus strong evidence for the presence of nonbaryonic "quark" matter in the interior of heavy stars.

Study on period search methods of variable stars: Application to ASAS and CRTS databases

Study on variable stars is an important topic of modern astrophysics. After the invention of powerful telescopes and high resolving powered CCD’s, the variable star data is accumulating in the order of peta-bytes. The huge amount of data need lot of automated methods as well as human experts. This thesis is devoted to the data analysis on variable star’s astronomical time series data and hence belong to the inter-disciplinary topic, Astrostatistics. For an observer on earth, stars that have a change in apparent brightness over time are called variable stars. The variation in brightness may be regular (periodic), quasi periodic (semi-periodic) or irregular manner (aperiodic) and are caused by various reasons. In some cases, the variation is due to some internal thermo-nuclear processes, which are generally known as intrinsic vari- ables and in some other cases, it is due to some external processes, like eclipse or rotation, which are known as extrinsic variables. Intrinsic variables can be further grouped into pulsating variables, eruptive variables and flare stars. Extrinsic variables are grouped into eclipsing binary stars and chromospheri- cal stars. Pulsating variables can again classified into Cepheid, RR Lyrae, RV Tauri, Delta Scuti, Mira etc. The eruptive or cataclysmic variables are novae, supernovae, etc., which rarely occurs and are not periodic phenomena. Most of the other variations are periodic in nature. Variable stars can be observed through many ways such as photometry, spectrophotometry and spectroscopy. The sequence of photometric observa- xiv tions on variable stars produces time series data, which contains time, magni- tude and error. The plot between variable star’s apparent magnitude and time are known as light curve. If the time series data is folded on a period, the plot between apparent magnitude and phase is known as phased light curve. The unique shape of phased light curve is a characteristic of each type of variable star. One way to identify the type of variable star and to classify them is by visually looking at the phased light curve by an expert. For last several years, automated algorithms are used to classify a group of variable stars, with the help of computers. Research on variable stars can be divided into different stages like observa- tion, data reduction, data analysis, modeling and classification. The modeling on variable stars helps to determine the short-term and long-term behaviour and to construct theoretical models (for eg:- Wilson-Devinney model for eclips- ing binaries) and to derive stellar properties like mass, radius, luminosity, tem- perature, internal and external structure, chemical composition and evolution. The classification requires the determination of the basic parameters like pe- riod, amplitude and phase and also some other derived parameters. Out of these, period is the most important parameter since the wrong periods can lead to sparse light curves and misleading information. Time series analysis is a method of applying mathematical and statistical tests to data, to quantify the variation, understand the nature of time-varying phenomena, to gain physical understanding of the system and to predict future behavior of the system. Astronomical time series usually suffer from unevenly spaced time instants, varying error conditions and possibility of big gaps. This is due to daily varying daylight and the weather conditions for ground based observations and observations from space may suffer from the impact of cosmic ray particles. Many large scale astronomical surveys such as MACHO, OGLE, EROS, xv ROTSE, PLANET, Hipparcos, MISAO, NSVS, ASAS, Pan-STARRS, Ke- pler,ESA, Gaia, LSST, CRTS provide variable star’s time series data, even though their primary intention is not variable star observation. Center for Astrostatistics, Pennsylvania State University is established to help the astro- nomical community with the aid of statistical tools for harvesting and analysing archival data. Most of these surveys releases the data to the public for further analysis. There exist many period search algorithms through astronomical time se- ries analysis, which can be classified into parametric (assume some underlying distribution for data) and non-parametric (do not assume any statistical model like Gaussian etc.,) methods. Many of the parametric methods are based on variations of discrete Fourier transforms like Generalised Lomb-Scargle peri- odogram (GLSP) by Zechmeister(2009), Significant Spectrum (SigSpec) by Reegen(2007) etc. Non-parametric methods include Phase Dispersion Minimi- sation (PDM) by Stellingwerf(1978) and Cubic spline method by Akerlof(1994) etc. Even though most of the methods can be brought under automation, any of the method stated above could not fully recover the true periods. The wrong detection of period can be due to several reasons such as power leakage to other frequencies which is due to finite total interval, finite sampling interval and finite amount of data. Another problem is aliasing, which is due to the influence of regular sampling. Also spurious periods appear due to long gaps and power flow to harmonic frequencies is an inherent problem of Fourier methods. Hence obtaining the exact period of variable star from it’s time series data is still a difficult problem, in case of huge databases, when subjected to automation. As Matthew Templeton, AAVSO, states “Variable star data analysis is not always straightforward; large-scale, automated analysis design is non-trivial”. Derekas et al. 2007, Deb et.al. 2010 states “The processing of xvi huge amount of data in these databases is quite challenging, even when looking at seemingly small issues such as period determination and classification”. It will be beneficial for the variable star astronomical community, if basic parameters, such as period, amplitude and phase are obtained more accurately, when huge time series databases are subjected to automation. In the present thesis work, the theories of four popular period search methods are studied, the strength and weakness of these methods are evaluated by applying it on two survey databases and finally a modified form of cubic spline method is intro- duced to confirm the exact period of variable star. For the classification of new variable stars discovered and entering them in the “General Catalogue of Vari- able Stars” or other databases like “Variable Star Index“, the characteristics of the variability has to be quantified in term of variable star parameters.

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KISS Stars

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