995 resultados para Solos - Recuperação


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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The mobility of water in the soil is a difficult process to be quantified. During precipitation, there is a portion of the water that infiltrates, which is very important for recovering the groundwater balance. This work studies the mobility of water in sandy soils with different textures and residual soils through experiments mounted in lysimeters. The lysimeters were mounted on acrylic cylinder with 11.3 cm diameter and 25.0 cm in length. The sand was deposited using the process sand rain. In the tests it was maintained a hydraulic head of two centimeters above the surface with the aid of a Mariotte flask. The portions of water were controlled in the experiments using relations between weight and volume measurements over time. The data were obtained by monitoring the input and output volumes of water through calibrated reservoir and system weight by an electronic balance. The infiltration front was monitored with the aid of a digital camera. The results indicate that the smaller the particle size of the sand, the lower the speed of the saturation front, the higher the retained volume, the smaller the basic rate of infiltration and the lowest speed of percolation. Moreover, the rate of water loss in the evaporation process indicated no significant difference with variation of the particle size of the samples

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The Paulista West region has suffered through the decades an intense process of deforestation when substituting native areas of Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado by agricultural cultivation, mainly coffee in the 20th century. This occupation process without planning and management of the soil resulted in serious erosion problems. Besides, the soil erosion promoted the reduction of agricultural production and the silting of rivers. This paper aims identify the factors of natural scope (geological, geomorphologic and pedologic characteristics) which participate in unleash of erosion process in two agricultural properties producers of coffee in order to apply mechanical techniques of recovery in erosive focuses of furrow and ravine kinds. One of the properties is at the city council of Getulina, located on the sandstones of Adamantina Formation; the other is at the city council of Vera Cruz, located on the sandstones of Marília Formation. However, taking into consideration the analysis of the natural dynamics, they are not enough to explain the complexity of the phenomena which are processed in the geographic space. It made indispensable the incorporation of socio-economic factors, such as the use and occupation process of the soil considering the society as landscape transformers. In order to better understand the importance of each one of the elements that contributes to the unleash of the studied erosions, it was collected soil samples in the areas, general descriptions and texture and morphologic analysis. Finally, it was elaborated the maps of the use and occupation of the soil and the vegetal coverage surrounding the properties studied. It was observed in the rural property of Getulina the substitution of the coffee by pasture that finds degraded. It, in addition to the cattle stomp, which changed the texture and density characteristics among the soil horizons, and the concentration of superficial water flow intensified the occurrence of ...

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The lack of proper planning in intervention works of runoff water on rural properties and rural public roads leads to economic damage and loss of environmental quality. The impact of the action without technical base is soil erosion, siltation of water sources, loss of the quality and availability of water, invalidating areas for cultivation and livestock. The conservation of headwaters requires beyond regeneration of the environmental characteristics the repair and management of the degraded watercourse in order to control erosion. This graduate work in Environmental Engineering from Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP Presidente Prudente proposes a headwater recuperation and management in rural area of Álvares Machado municipality, São Paulo State, through the method of deep drainage applied to the case of a rural road near the outcrop of water. This technique consists in the installation of draining structures in sub-areas of the road surface, or sub-gutter and/or in the platform border in order to conduct the underground flow of water and reduce the loss of sediment in water flow. Therefore, was performed a historic study of use and occupation of land in the municipality of Álvares Machado, portraying transformations of the landscape caused by human action. Geology, geomorphology, pedology and hydrogeology data were collected from the study area in order to establish the conditions that led into the current situation of degradation and formulate an effective intervention strategy for civil works

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When handling soil conservation practices isn’t applied correctly, they cause problems at the level of structure, cohesion and fertility in soils and lack of water availability. In the case of this monograph, conducted in a rural property located at Álvares Machado City, identified that most areas are intended for use activities of beef cattle and dairy and subsistence agriculture, which historically addition to withdraw native flora, resulting in problems such as compaction and increase soil exposure to climatic agents, generating a serious frame of erosion problems. In the case of water from rainfall, the soil exposed, causes the “splash” effect and therefore when it becomes runoff carries the spalled particles mainly for low land areas. Without the vegetation, especially trees or shrubs species, the velocity of runoff increases, initiating the appearance of furrows, which consequently may become a kind of ravine erosion and gully, which makes invalid any area in your surroundings... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Atualmente, devido ao considerável aumento populacional e consequente necessidade de maior produção de alimentos, tem-se incrementado, também, o investimento em tecnologias para a remediação de solos contaminados, em especial, por metais potencialmente tóxicos oriundos, principalmente, da disposição inadequada de resíduos industriais. Esses contaminantes não se restringem apenas aos solos. Podem ser carreados para os mananciais de águas superficiais ou conduzidos, pela infiltração das águas, aos mananciais subterrâneos. Neste trabalho, procurou-se apresentar as principais metodologias, em uso, para recuperação de áreas degradadas por solos assim contaminados.

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A contaminant plume due to leachate infiltration was found in the solid waste landfill from Bauru, SP. The soil hydraulic conductivity (K) is an important parameter to understand the moving of this plume. This paper intends to show representative K values for the soils that occur in the vicinity of this landfill determined by field and laboratory tests. There are four soil types in the area: colluvium, alluvium, sandstone residual soil and the sandstone. Laboratory tests were performed using constant and variable head in rigid and flexible wall permeameters. Slug tests and hydraulic conductivity tests with the Guelph permeameter were also carried out in situ in the area. Representative K values of 3.7x10-7 m/s for the saturated zone and 2.4x10-8 m/s for the unsaturated zone were determined for the residual soil. A K value of 5.3x10-5 m/s was obtained for the colluvium soil. A great variation of K with depth was observed for the alluvium and the assumed average values for the saturated zone were 7.9x10-7 m/s and 1.1x10-4 m/s for the unsaturated surficial layer. An average K value of 3.3x10-8 m/s was determined in laboratory for the sandstone and it was assumed representative for this material.

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Ainda há uma necessidade de entender a influência do pousio em propriedades físicas do solo, visto que há no Brasil uma deficiência de estudos desta técnica em longo prazo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de pousio nas propriedades físicas de um solo em área agrícola serrana de Mata Atlântica. O estudo foi realizado num CAMBISSOLO com as seguintes coberturas: pousios de 2 e 5 anos e mata com 45 anos. Foram coletadas 36 amostras em setembro de 2005 nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm com 3 repetições para a determinação da porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, densidade do solo (método da mesa de tensão), e estabilidade de agregados via úmida a partir da metodologia da EMBRAPA.Também foi realizado o ensaio in situ de condutividade hidráulica saturada. Os resultados indicaram que em geral houve maior recuperação das propriedades no pousio 5 anos em relação ao pousio de 2 anos, com destaque para a porosidade total, macroporosidade e condutividade hidráulica saturada. A partir do conjunto das propriedades avaliadas, observou-se que o pousio 2 anos apresentou maior degradação do que o pousio de 5 anos, sendo possível entender que 5 anos de pousio parece ser um tempo mais apropriado para a recuperação da qualidade física do solo nesse ambiente.

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A compostagem constitui-se importante alternativa para obtenção de fertilizantes orgânicos, que são utilizados como condicionadores de solo e fornecedores de nutrientes, principalmente do nitrogênio (N), em diversos sistemas de produção agrícola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de recuperação biológica do N contido em diferentes formulações de compostos obtidos a partir da mistura de palhada de capim Napier e de Crotalaria juncea. Avaliou-se também a capacidade de recuperação do N de outros adubos. O bioensaio foi realizado em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos plásticos de 650 ml com coletores de água lixiviada. Como planta indicadora, foi utilizado o Milheto Pérola (Pennisetum glaucum). Compostos orgânicos com maiores teores de N e menores relações C:N proporcionaram maiores taxas de recuperação de N pelo Milheto Pérola.