Implementazione di modulatori e demodulatori su piattaforma raspberry-pi

Cattura di un segnale AM e FM stereofonico (radio commerciale) mediante chiavetta NooElec R820T dotata di tecnologia Software Defined Radio (SDR). Implementazione di un codice di demodulazione AM e di algoritmi di modulazione/demodulazione FM stereo attraverso l’ambiente di lavoro MATLAB e lo strumento Simulink- Interfacciamento dei codici con la piattaforma Raspberry-Pi fungente da server TCP/IP la quale permetterà la comunicazione tra chiavetta e PC. Ricostruzione del segnale modulante trasmesso

SDN: il futuro della rete - stato dell'arte e casi reali

La tesi analizza un emergente paradigma di rete, Software Defined Network, evidenziandone i punti di forza e mettendone quindi in luce i conseguenti vantaggi, le potenzialità, le limitazioni, l’attuabilità e i benefici, nonché eventuali punti di debolezza.

Virtualizzazione di funzioni di rete su piattaforme per cloud computing

Questo documento affronta le novità ed i vantaggi introdotti nel mondo delle reti di telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Software Defined Networking e Network Functions Virtualization, affrontandone prima gli aspetti teorici, per poi applicarne i concetti nella pratica, tramite casi di studio gradualmente più complessi. Tali innovazioni rappresentano un'evoluzione dell'architettura delle reti predisposte alla presenza di più utenti connessi alle risorse da esse offerte, trovando quindi applicazione soprattutto nell'emergente ambiente di Cloud Computing e realizzando in questo modo reti altamente dinamiche e programmabili, tramite la virtualizzazione dei servizi di rete richiesti per l'ottimizzazione dell'utilizzo di risorse. Motivo di tale lavoro è la ricerca di soluzioni ai problemi di staticità e dipendenza, dai fornitori dei nodi intermedi, della rete Internet, i maggiori ostacoli per lo sviluppo delle architetture Cloud. L'obiettivo principale dello studio presentato in questo documento è quello di valutare l'effettiva convenienza dell'applicazione di tali paradigmi nella creazione di reti, controllando in questo modo che le promesse di aumento di autonomia e dinamismo vengano rispettate. Tale scopo viene perseguito attraverso l'implementazione di entrambi i paradigmi SDN e NFV nelle sperimentazioni effettuate sulle reti di livello L2 ed L3 del modello OSI. Il risultato ottenuto da tali casi di studio è infine un'interessante conferma dei vantaggi presentati durante lo studio teorico delle innovazioni in analisi, rendendo esse una possibile soluzione futura alle problematiche attuali delle reti.

SDN: analisi delle soluzioni industriali

Questa tesi di rassegna si pone l'obiettivo di esaminare i motivi che hanno portato alla progettazione del modello Software Defined Networking e analizzarne le caratteristiche principali. L'obiettivo è stato raggiunto attraverso un'analisi attenta dello stato dell'arte, in cui sono state evidenziate le problematiche dell'architettura tradizionale e i requisiti delle reti di nuova generazione che hanno portato i progettisti di rete a riconsiderare il modello attualmente diffuso. Dopo aver scritto in modo approfondito delle caratteristiche e dei benefici di SDN, è stata posta l'enfasi sul protocollo OpenFlow riconosciuto come fattore abilitante del modello oggetto della tesi. Infine sono state analizzate le soluzioni, che si ispirano a SDN, di tre colossi dell'informatica quali HP, Google e Cisco.

Piano di controllo SDN per la composizione dinamica di funzioni di rete virtuali

Il documento analizza i vantaggi introdotti nel mondo delle telecomunicazioni dai paradigmi di Software Defined Networking e Network Functions Virtualization: questi nuovi approcci permettono di creare reti programmabili e dinamiche, mantenendo alte le prestazioni. L’obiettivo finale è quello di capire se tramite la generalizzazione del codice del controller SDN , il dispositivo programmabile che permette di gestire gli switch OpenFlow, e la virtualizzazione delle reti, si possa risolvere il problema dell’ossificazione della rete Internet.

A QoS Controller Framework Compliant with the ETSI Network Function Virtualization Specification

The 5th generation of mobile networking introduces the concept of “Network slicing”, the network will be “sliced” horizontally, each slice will be compliant with different requirements in terms of network parameters such as bandwidth, latency. This technology is built on logical instead of physical resources, relies on virtual network as main concept to retrieve a logical resource. The Network Function Virtualisation provides the concept of logical resources for a virtual network function, enabling the concept virtual network; it relies on the Software Defined Networking as main technology to realize the virtual network as resource, it also define the concept of virtual network infrastructure with all components needed to enable the network slicing requirements. SDN itself uses cloud computing technology to realize the virtual network infrastructure, NFV uses also the virtual computing resources to enable the deployment of virtual network function instead of having custom hardware and software for each network function. The key of network slicing is the differentiation of slice in terms of Quality of Services parameters, which relies on the possibility to enable QoS management in cloud computing environment. The QoS in cloud computing denotes level of performances, reliability and availability offered. QoS is fundamental for cloud users, who expect providers to deliver the advertised quality characteristics, and for cloud providers, who need to find the right tradeoff between QoS levels that has possible to offer and operational costs. While QoS properties has received constant attention before the advent of cloud computing, performance heterogeneity and resource isolation mechanisms of cloud platforms have significantly complicated QoS analysis and deploying, prediction, and assurance. This is prompting several researchers to investigate automated QoS management methods that can leverage the high programmability of hardware and software resources in the cloud.

Service-centric Networking Extensions

This paper discusses several issues of Service-Centric Networking (SCN) as an extension of the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) paradigm. SCN allows extended caching, where not exactly the same content as requested can be read from caches, but similar content can be used to produce the content requested, e.g., by filtering or transcoding. We discuss the issue of naming and routing for general dynamic services for both tightly coupled and decoupled ICN approaches. Challenges and solutions for service management are identified, in particular for composed services, which allow distributed in-network processing of service requests. We introduce the term Software-Defined Service-Centric Networking as an extension of Software-Defined Networking. A prototype implementation for SCN proofs its validity and feasibility and underlines its potential benefits.

SDR-based Passive Indoor Localization System for GSM

This study deals with indoor positioning using GSM radio, which has the distinct advantage of wide coverage over other wireless technologies. In particular, we focus on passive localization systems that are able to achieve high localization accuracy without any prior knowledge of the indoor environment or the tracking device radio settings. In order to overcome these challenges, newly proposed localization algorithms based on the exploitation of the received signal strength (RSS) are proposed. We explore the effects of non-line-of-sight communication links, opening and closing of doors, and human mobility on RSS measurements and localization accuracy. We have implemented the proposed algorithms on top of software defined radio systems and carried out detailed empirical indoor experiments. The performance results show that the proposed solutions are accurate with average localization errors between 2.4 and 3.2 meters.

A Time-based Passive Source Localization System for Narrow-band Signal

Time-based indoor localization has been investigated for several years but the accuracy of existing solutions is limited by several factors, e.g., imperfect synchronization, signal bandwidth and indoor environment. In this paper, we compare two time-based localization algorithms for narrow-band signals, i.e., multilateration and fingerprinting. First, we develop a new Linear Least Square (LLS) algorithm for Differential Time Difference Of Arrival (DTDOA). Second, fingerprinting is among the most successful approaches used for indoor localization and typically relies on the collection of measurements on signal strength over the area of interest. We propose an alternative by constructing fingerprints of fine-grained time information of the radio signal. We offer comprehensive analytical discussions on the feasibility of the approaches, which are backed up by evaluations in a software defined radio based IEEE 802.15.4 testbed. Our work contributes to research on localization with narrow-band signals. The results show that our proposed DTDOA-based LLS algorithm obviously improves the localization accuracy compared to traditional TDOA-based LLS algorithm but the accuracy is still limited because of the complex indoor environment. Furthermore, we show that time-based fingerprinting is a promising alternative to power-based fingerprinting.

Methodology for GPS Synchronization Evaluation with High Accuracy

Clock synchronization in the order of nanoseconds is one of the critical factors for time-based localization. Currently used time synchronization methods are developed for the more relaxed needs of network operation. Their usability for positioning should be carefully evaluated. In this paper, we are particularly interested in GPS-based time synchronization. To judge its usability for localization we need a method that can evaluate the achieved time synchronization with nanosecond accuracy. Our method to evaluate the synchronization accuracy is inspired by signal processing algorithms and relies on fine grain time information. The method is able to calculate the clock offset and skew between devices with nanosecond accuracy in real time. It was implemented using software defined radio technology. We demonstrate that GPS-based synchronization suffers from remaining clock offset in the range of a few hundred of nanoseconds but the clock skew is negligible. Finally, we determine a corresponding lower bound on the expected positioning error.

A Passive Source Localization System for IEEE 802.15.4 Signal

In this work, we provide a passive location monitoring system for IEEE 802.15.4 signal emitters. The system adopts software defined radio techniques to passively overhear IEEE 802.15.4 packets and to extract power information from baseband signals. In our system, we provide a new model based on the nonlinear regression for ranging. After obtaining distance information, a Weighted Centroid (WC) algorithm is adopted to locate users. In WC, each weight is inversely proportional to the nth power of propagation distance, and the degree n is obtained from some initial measurements. We evaluate our system in a 16m-18m area with complex indoor propagation conditions. We are able to achieve a median error of 2:1m with only 4 anchor nodes.

A Passive WiFi Source Localization System based on Fine-grained Power-based Trilateration

Indoor localization systems become more interesting for researchers because of the attractiveness of business cases in various application fields. A WiFi-based passive localization system can provide user location information to third-party providers of positioning services. However, indoor localization techniques are prone to multipath and Non-Line Of Sight (NLOS) propagation, which lead to significant performance degradation. To overcome these problems, we provide a passive localization system for WiFi targets with several improved algorithms for localization. Through Software Defined Radio (SDR) techniques, we extract Channel Impulse Response (CIR) information at the physical layer. CIR is later adopted to mitigate the multipath fading problem. We propose to use a Nonlinear Regression (NLR) method to relate the filtered power information to propagation distances, which significantly improves the ranging accuracy compared to the commonly used log-distance path loss model. To mitigate the influence of ranging errors, a new trilateration algorithm is designed as well by combining Weighted Centroid and Constrained Weighted Least Square (WC-CWLS) algorithms. Experiment results show that our algorithm is robust against ranging errors and outperforms the linear least square algorithm and weighted centroid algorithm.

Passively Track WiFi Users with an Enhanced Particle Filter using Power-based Ranging

Passive positioning systems produce user location information for third-party providers of positioning services. Since the tracked wireless devices do not participate in the positioning process, passive positioning can only rely on simple, measurable radio signal parameters, such as timing or power information. In this work, we provide a passive tracking system for WiFi signals with an enhanced particle filter using fine-grained power-based ranging. Our proposed particle filter provides an improved likelihood function on observation parameters and is equipped with a modified coordinated turn model to address the challenges in a passive positioning system. The anchor nodes for WiFi signal sniffing and target positioning use software defined radio techniques to extract channel state information to mitigate multipath effects. By combining the enhanced particle filter and a set of enhanced ranging methods, our system can track mobile targets with an accuracy of 1.5m for 50% and 2.3m for 90% in a complex indoor environment. Our proposed particle filter significantly outperforms the typical bootstrap particle filter, extended Kalman filter and trilateration algorithms.

Content and Context Aware Strategies for QoS Support in VANETs

The increasing interest in autonomous coordinated driving and in proactive safety services, exploiting the wealth of sensing and computing resources which are gradually permeating the urban and vehicular environments, is making provisioning of high levels of QoS in vehicular networks an urgent issue. At the same time, the spreading model of a smart car, with a wealth of infotainment applications, calls for architectures for vehicular communications capable of supporting traffic with a diverse set of performance requirements. So far efforts focused on enabling a single specific QoS level. But the issues of how to support traffic with tight QoS requirements (no packet loss, and delays inferior to 1ms), and of designing a system capable at the same time of efficiently sustaining such traffic together with traffic from infotainment applications, are still open. In this paper we present the approach taken by the CONTACT project to tackle these issues. The goal of the project is to investigate how a VANET architecture, which integrates content-centric networking, software-defined networking, and context aware floating content schemes, can properly support the very diverse set of applications and services currently envisioned for the vehicular environment.

Interconexión de centros de datos mediante técnicas SDN

En este trabajo final de grado se ha contribuido a la interconexión de centros de datos distribuidos geográficamente, integrando para ello nuevas funcionalidades en la arquitectura Application-Based Network Operations (ABNO) y configurando los componentes software necesarios. ABNO engloba distintas tecnologías que recogen la información sobre los recursos disponibles en la red con el objetivo de proporcionar rutas específicas para el tráfico. La solución que se presenta en este trabajo se basa en las redes definidas por software (Software-Defined Networking, SDN), como solución innovadora para mejorar la gestión y el control de las infraestructuras que pertenecen a múltiples dominios administrativos, pero trabajan en colaboración en una federación común mejorando la calidad del servicio ofrecido. La conectividad entre los diferentes dominios es posible gracias a los Túneles GRE. Cada centro de datos supone un dominio administrativo diferenciado, disponiendo cada uno de ellos del software de gestión en la nube OpenStack para la creación de las máquinas virtuales (VM) que posteriormente serán interconectadas. Además, cada centro de datos también contará con el controlador Ryu SDN que se encargará del control de la conectividad, siendo también independiente para cada uno de estos dominios. Con el objetivo de mantener una visión integral de todos los recursos de la red disponibles, y de proporcionar una conectividad extremo a extremo (E2E) requerida por los centros de datos, la arquitectura ABNO ha tenido que ser modificada para soportar estas nuevas funcionalidades, así como validada en un escenario con infraestructuras multidominio.