Intervenção educativa: tratamento da hipertensão na unidade de saúde Simão Fitterman, Itabuna-BA

Abordagem sobre uma intervenção educativa realizada na Unidade de Saúde Simão Fitterman em Itabuna-BA com o objetivo de estimular a melhora da adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Teve como metodologia a criação de grupos semanais com os pacientes hipertensos onde são realizadas atividades educativas e posteriormente consultas clínicas com o médico e enfermeira da Unidade de Saúde. O principal instrumento utilizado foi a realização de palestras sobre os fatores de risco para hipertensão, bem como seus tratamentos não-medicamentoso e medicamentoso. Pode-se concluir que houve um aumento da adesão dos pacientes a consulta clínicas, tendo uma melhora no controle do níveis pressóricos dos pacientes bem como uma maior orientação sobre controle de fatores de riscos cardiovasculares.

Melhoria das Ações de Prevenção dos Cânceres de Colo de Útero e de Mama na UBS Simão Mansou Bartha, Brasileia/AC

BARROSO, Lourdes Quiala. Melhoria das ações de prevenção dos cânceres de colo de útero e de mama na UBS Simão Mansou Bartha, Brasileia/AC. 2015. 59f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. A neoplasia de mama assim como outras doenças malignas, resulta da proliferação incontrolável de células anormais que surgem em função de alterações genéticas sejam hereditárias ou adquiridas por exposição a fatores ambientais ou fisiológicos e constitui a primeira causa de morte por câncer das mulheres a nível mundial. A neoplasia de colo uterino é um tumor que afeta à porção inferior do útero, chamada colo ou cérvix, este câncer ocupa o segundo lugar nos cânceres feminino antecedido apenas pela neoplasia de mama. No Brasil, segundo os dados do Instituto Nacional do Câncer em 2014 se encontra em terceiro lugar perdendo para o câncer de mama, intestino (colón e reto) com uma taxa de incidência de 15 novos casos em 100.000 mulheres ao ano. A mortalidade pode chegar a cinco casos em 100.000 ao ano. Melhorar a qualidade da atenção de usuárias em idades de risco através da prevenção e promoção de saúde forma parte importante do trabalho na atenção básica de saúde. Na UBS Simão Mansou Bartha do município fronteiriço de Brasiléia com a Bolívia, Estado do Acre, identificava-se uma baixa cobertura no programa do câncer de colo de útero e câncer de mama, existiam usuárias sem cadastro, faltosas a consulta, sem seguimento adequado, não existiam registros nem conhecimento de quantas mulheres eram pesquisadas no rastreamento de câncer de mama, Fatos que motivaram a realização de nosso trabalho, que envolveram 453 usuárias da faixa etária entre 25 a 64 anos e 121 entre 50 a 69 anos, alcançando uma cobertura de atenção de 94,4% para o câncer de colo de útero e 100% para câncer de mama. Todos os indicadores qualitativos e quantitativos avaliados na intervenção foram alcançados e melhorados, superando algumas metas propostas para a intervenção, mais não foi possível alcançar o indicador de realização de mamografia que só foi possível alcançar 33,1%. A intervenção exigiu a capacitação de toda a equipe de acordo com as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde relativas a acolhimento, rastreamento, registro, diagnóstico, tratamento, e monitoramento das usuárias em idades de risco. As ações foram incorporadas à rotina de trabalho da UBS. A comunidade foi favorecida, os indicadores de saúde melhorados e aumentou a adesão das usuárias demonstrando satisfação com os atendimentos.

Abordagem em Saúde da Criança na Atenção Primária no Município de Simão Dias - SE

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma abordagem em saúde da criança na atenção primária no município de Simão Dias-SE, dando destaque para a puericultura e o aleitamento materno. O local de inserção da Unidade Básica de Saúde é de baixa condição econômica e social, além de ser uma área vulnerável e de de alta criminalidade. Diante disso, é importante que seja feita uma educação em saúde de toda a população. Tanto leite materno e a prática da realização de consultas de puericulturas, são essenciais para a preservação da saúde da criança e para seu desenvolvimento adequado. Assim, esse trabalho consiste no portfólio e projeto de intervenção, apresentando uma revisão bibliográfica para melhor embasamento teórico além das demais atividades exigidas.

Estudo sobre início precoce da atividade sexual em adolescentes no Distrito Simão Campos - São João da Ponte, MG

Homens e mulheres têm iniciado sua vida sexual, em grande parte, na adolescência e de formas um tanto diferenciadas. As práticas sexuais na juventude têm sido descritas como dinâmicas e em constantes transformações, sendo que seus perfis podem acarretar impacto importante na vida reprodutiva dos jovens. Gestações indesejadas, aquisição de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, uso de drogas e violência envolvem sérias implicações, limitando ou adiando o desenvolvimento e engajamento dos adolescentes na sociedade. Ao assumir comportamentos de risco, os adolescentes geralmente têm seus projetos de vida alterados, o que pode contribuir para o abandono escolar e a perpetuação dos ciclos de pobreza. Ao realizar o diagnóstico situacional da ESF Simão Campos notou-se que os adolescentes iniciam atividade sexual precocemente, sem os cuidados necessários. A imaturidade dos adolescentes e os riscos associados à prática de sexo sem proteção demandam preocupação da equipe de saúde da família. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar um projeto com vistas à redução do início precoce da atividade sexual em adolescentes. Para realização do trabalho foi utilizado o método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES), onde primeiramente foi feito o diagnóstico/análise situacional em saúde. O problema foi definido utilizando a Estimativa Rápida. Em seguida foi elaborado um plano de ação para intervenção e enfrentamento do problema. Este plano é aplicável, pois possui os recursos necessários para realização e superação dos nós críticos. É reconhecido por todos que, no momento atual, a educação sexual se faz impostergável, por sua influência na formação integral da criança e do adolescente. A omissão, diante desta evidência, trará repercussões que podem comprometer não só o presente como o futuro das gerações.

A Microleakage Study Of Gutta-percha/ah Plus And Resilon/real Self-etch Systems After Different Irrigation Protocols.

The development and maintenance of the sealing of the root canal system is the key to the success of root canal treatment. The resin-based adhesive material has the potential to reduce the microleakage of the root canal because of its adhesive properties and penetration into dentinal walls. Moreover, the irrigation protocols may have an influence on the adhesiveness of resin-based sealers to root dentin. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigant protocols on coronal bacterial microleakage of gutta-percha/AH Plus and Resilon/Real Seal Self-etch systems. One hundred ninety pre-molars were used. The teeth were divided into 18 experimental groups according to the irrigation protocols and filling materials used. The protocols used were: distilled water; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)+eDTA; NaOCl+H3PO4; NaOCl+eDTA+chlorhexidine (CHX); NaOCl+H3PO4+CHX; CHX+eDTA; CHX+ H3PO4; CHX+eDTA+CHX and CHX+H3PO4+CHX. Gutta-percha/AH Plus or Resilon/Real Seal Se were used as root-filling materials. The coronal microleakage was evaluated for 90 days against Enterococcus faecalis. Data were statistically analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. No significant difference was verified in the groups using chlorhexidine or sodium hypochlorite during the chemo-mechanical preparation followed by eDTA or phosphoric acid for smear layer removal. The same results were found for filling materials. However, the statistical analyses revealed that a final flush with 2% chlorhexidine reduced significantly the coronal microleakage. A final flush with 2% chlorhexidine after smear layer removal reduces coronal microleakage of teeth filled with gutta-percha/AH Plus or Resilon/Real Seal SE.

The Effects Of High Doses Of Nandrolone Decanoate And Exercise On Prostate Microvasculature Of Adult And Older Rats.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the interaction between the abusive use of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and physical activity on the prostate structure of adult and older rats. We evaluated whether the use of ND, associated or not with physical exercise during the post-pubertal stage, interferes with the morphophysiology of the prostate. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. The animals were treated for eight weeks and divided into sedentary and trained groups, with or without ND use. Four groups were sacrificed 48 h after the end of the eight week experiment (adult groups), and four other groups were sacrificed at 300 days of age (older groups). The prostate was collected and processed for stereological and histopathological analysis and for the expression of AQP1 and VEGF by the Western blotting technique. Both ND and physical activity altered the ventral prostate structure of the rats; the AQP1 and VEGF expression increased in young animals subjected to physical exercise. Thus, it was concluded that the use of ND, associated or not with exercise during the post-pubertal stage, interferes with the morphophysiology of the prostate.

Neuropsychological and phonological evaluation in the Apert's syndrome: study of two cases

This study evaluated two cases of Apert's syndrome, through phonological, cognitive, and neuropsychological instruments and correlated the results to complementary exams. In short, this study reveals the necessity of application of neuropsychological, cognitive and phonological evaluation and correlation of the results with complementary testings because significant differences can be present in the Apert's syndrome.

Variáveis relevantes no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II

Os resultados do tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II podem ser influenciados por características que são inerentes ao paciente - como a idade, a severidade da má oclusão e o grau de colaboração - ou, ainda, por fatores relacionados à conduta do profissional - como a escolha do protocolo de tratamento. Basicamente, o tratamento da Classe II pode ser realizado sem extrações ou com extrações de dois ou quatro pré-molares. Contudo, uma maior proporção de sucesso do tratamento pode ser esperada com extrações de dois pré-molares superiores, independentemente do padrão facial e da relação maxilomandibular. Considerando esta revisão, pôde-se concluir que os resultados oclusais do tratamento da Classe II são fortemente influenciados pelo protocolo de tratamento, enquanto o padrão facial não parece exercer uma influência significativa.

Could leprosy reaction episodes be exacerbated by oral infections?

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated whether leprosy reactions could be associated with oral infection. METHODS: Leprosy patients (n = 38) with (Group I) and without (Group II) oral infections were selected. Reactions were identified from the clinical and histopathological features associated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and10kDa interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) levels, determined before and after elimination of the foci of infection. RESULTS: Group I presented more reactions than group II did, and improvement of the reactions after dental treatment. Serum CRP and IP-10 did not differ before and after the dental treatment, but differed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral infection could be an exacerbating factor in leprosy reactions.

The recurrence of leprosy reactional episodes could be associated with oral chronic infections and expression of serum IL-1, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10

The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of leprosy reactional episodes could be associated with chronic oral infection. Thirty-eight leprosy patients were selected and divided into 2 groups: group I - 19 leprosy patients with oral infections, and group II - 19 leprosy patients without oral infections. Ten patients without leprosy, but presenting oral infections, were assigned to the control group. Leprosy patients were classified according to Ridley and Jopling classification and reactional episodes of the erythema nodosum type or reversal reaction were identified by clinical and histopathological features associated with serum IL-1, TNF-&#945;, IL-6, IFN-&#947; and IL-10 levels. These analyses were performed immediately before and 7 days after the oral infection elimination. Patients from group I presenting oral infections reported clinical improvement of the symptoms of reactional episodes after dental treatment. Serum IL-1, TNF-&#945;, IL-6, IFN-&#947; and IL-10 levels did not differ significantly before and after dental treatment as determined by the Wilcoxon test (p&gt;0.05). Comparison of the 2 groups showed statistically significant differences in IL-1 and IL-6 at baseline and in IL-1, IL-6 and IL-10 on the occasion of both collections 7 days after therapy. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels in group I differed significantly at baseline compared to control (Mann-Whitney test; p<0.05). These results suggest that oral infection could be involved as a maintenance factor in the pathogenesis of leprosy reactional episodes.

Influence of light and temperature on seed germination of Cereus pernambucensis Lemaire (Cactaceae)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of light and temperature on germination of Cereus pernambucensis seeds, a species of columnar cactus native to Brazil and naturally incident in the restinga. Cereus pernambucensis seeds were incubated under different temperatures, from 5 to 45 °C, with 5 °C intervals, and under alternating temperatures of 15-20 °C, 15-30 °C, 20-25 °C, 20-30 °C, 20-35 °C, 25-30 °C, 25-35 °C, and 30-35 °C, both under continuous white light and dark. The seeds were also incubated in a gradient of phytochrome photoequilibrium at 25 °C. The highest percentage germination in this species was between 25 and 30 °C. The minimum temperature was between 15 and 20 °C and the maximum between 35 and 40 °C. Alternating temperatures did not affect the percentage of seed germination, but it did alter the rate and synchronization indexes. Seeds incubated in the dark did not germinate under any of the conditions tested, indicating that this species when cultivated present light sensitive seeds controlled by phytochrome. The seeds can tolerate a lot of shade conditions, germinating under very low fluence response of phytochrome.

The notion of structure and the information records of the documentary systems

Assuming as a starting point the acknowledge that the principles and methods used to build and manage the documentary systems are disperse and lack systematization, this study hypothesizes that the notion of structure, when assuming mutual relationships among its elements, promotes more organical systems and assures better quality and consistency in the retrieval of information concerning users` matters. Accordingly, it aims to explore the fundamentals about the records of information and documentary systems, starting from the notion of structure. In order to achieve that, it presents basic concepts and relative matters to documentary systems and information records. Next to this, it lists the theoretical subsides over the notion of structure, studied by Benveniste, Ferrater Mora, Levi-Strauss, Lopes, Penalver Simo, Saussure, apart from Ducrot, Favero and Koch. Appropriations that have already been done by Paul Otlet, Garcia Gutierrez and Moreiro Gonzalez. In Documentation come as a further topic. It concludes that the adopted notion of structure to make explicit a hypothesis of real systematization achieves more organical systems, as well as it grants pedagogical reference to the documentary tasks.

Neuromuscular activity during bench press exercise performed with and without the preexhaustion method

Brennecke, A, Guimaraees, TM, Leone, R, Cadarci, M, Mochizuki, L, Simao, R, Amadio, AC, and Serrao, J. Neuromuscular activity during bench press exercise performed with and without the preexhaustion method. J Strength Cond Res 23(7): 1933-1940, 2009-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise order on the tonic and phasic characteristics of upper-body muscle activity during bench press exercise in trained subjects. The preexhaustion method involves working a muscle or a muscle group combining a single-joint exercise immediately followed by a multi-joint exercise (e. g., flying exercise followed by bench press exercise). Twelve subjects performed 1 set of bench press exercises with and without the preexhaustion method following 2 protocols (P1-flying before bench press; P2-bench press). Both exercises were performed at a load of 10 repetition maximum (10RM). Electromyography (EMG) sampled at 1 kHz was recorded from the pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (DA), and triceps brachii (TB). Kinematic data (60 Hz) were synchronized to define upward and downward phases of exercise. No significant (p > 0.05) changes were seen in tonic control of PM and DA muscles between P1 and P2. However, TB tonic aspect of neurophysiologic behavior of motor units was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during P1. Moreover, phasic control of PM, DA, and TB muscles were not affected (p > 0.05). The kinematic pattern of movement changed as a result of muscular weakness in P1. Angular velocity of the right shoulder performed during the upward phase of the bench press exercise was significantly slower (p < 0.05) during P1. Our results suggest that the strategies set by the central nervous system to provide the performance required by the exercise are held constant throughout the exercise, but the tonic aspects of the central drive are increased so as to adapt to the progressive occurrence of the neuromuscular fatigue. Changes in tonic control as a result of the muscular weakness and fatigue can cause changes in movement techniques. These changes may be related to limited ability to control mechanical loads and mechanical energy transmission to joints and passive structures.

Comparison between constant and decreasing rest intervals: influence on maximal strength and hypertrophy

de Souza Jr, TP, Fleck, SJ, Simao, R, Dubas, JP, Pereira, B, de Brito Pacheco, EM, da Silva, AC, and de Oliveira, PR. Comparison between constant and decreasing rest intervals: influence on maximal strength and hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 24(7): 1843-1850, 2010-Most resistance training programs use constant rest period lengths between sets and exercises, but some programs use decreasing rest period lengths as training progresses. The aim of this study was to compare the effect on strength and hypertrophy of 8 weeks of resistance training using constant rest intervals (CIs) and decreasing rest intervals (DIs) between sets and exercises. Twenty young men recreationally trained in strength training were randomly assigned to either a CI or DI training group. During the first 2 weeks of training, 3 sets of 10-12 repetition maximum (RM) with 2-minute rest intervals between sets and exercises were performed by both groups. During the next 6 weeks of training, the CI group trained using 2 minutes between sets and exercises (4 sets of 8-10RM), and the DI group trained with DIs (2 minutes decreasing to 30 seconds) as the 6 weeks of training progressed (4 sets of 8-10RM). Total training volume of the bench press and squat were significantly lower for the DI compared to the CI group (bench press 9.4%, squat 13.9%) and weekly training volume of these same exercises was lower in the DI group from weeks 6 to 8 of training. Strength (1RM) in the bench press and squat, knee extensor and flexor isokinetic measures of peak torque, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging were assessed pretraining and posttraining. No significant differences (p <= 0.05) were shown between the CI and DI training protocols for CSA (arm 13.8 vs. 14.5%, thigh 16.6 vs. 16.3%), 1RM (bench press 28 vs. 37%, squat 34 vs. 34%), and isokinetic peak torque. In conclusion, the results indicate that a training protocol with DI is just as effective as a CI protocol over short training periods (6 weeks) for increasing maximal strength and muscle CSA; thus, either type of program can be used over a short training period to cause strength and hypertrophy.

Infectious diseases in paediatric pathology: experience from a developing country

Infectious and parasitic diseases have always challenged man. Although many of them are typically seen in some areas of the world and can be adequately managed by just improving socioeconomic status and sanitary conditions, they are still quite prevalent and may sometimes be seen outside their original geographical areas. Human migration due to different reasons, tourism, blood transfusion and solid organ transplantation has created new concerns for health professionals all over the world. If not for diagnostic purposes, at least these tropical and infectious diseases should be largely known because their epidemiology, pathogenesis, host/parasite interaction, inflammatory and reparative responses are quite interesting and teach us about human biology. Curiosity is inherent to pathology practice and so we are compelled to look for things other than tumours or degenerative diseases. This review focuses on infectious and parasitic diseases found in a developing country and brings up-to-date information on diseases caused by viruses (dengue, yellow fever), bacteria (typhoid fever, leprosy), parasites (Chagas` disease, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, amoebiasis, Capillaria hepatica, schistosomiasis, cysticercosis) and caused by fungi (paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis) that may be useful for pathologists when facing somewhat strange cases from developing countries.