Figures de l'avarice et de l'usure dans les comédies : The Merchant of Venice de Shakespeare, Volpone de Jonson et L'Avare de Molière

Réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense

Analyse du contrat amoureux au sein du mariage par correspondance : une étude de cas des unions entre Philippines et Canadiens

L’objectif de notre travail était de conduire une étude exploratoire sur la mise en place et le déroulement de la relation matrimoniale au sein de couples philippino-canadiens mariés par correspondance, afin de comprendre les mécanismes sociaux qui régissent l’expérience de vie de ces couples. Nous nous inspirons de Constable pour qui la relation au sein du mariage par correspondance peut être une relation amoureuse même si la logique de désir des deux partenaires est fortement imbriquée dans un contexte historique et culturel. Nous poursuivons la réflexion de Constable sur la relation amoureuse en nous appuyant sur l’analyse de Simmel sur le processus de socialisation entre les individus et le phénomène de l’individualisation au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Nous explorons également comment le couple marié par correspondance crée ce que Kaufmann appelle le contrat amoureux à travers sa correspondance, sa rencontre, son quotidien et son avenir, et comment ce contrat influence les interactions entre les deux membres du couple, ainsi que celles entre le couple et le reste de la société. Dans ce mémoire sur le mariage par correspondance, nous nous intéresserons au quotidien de quatre couples philippino-canadiens mariés par correspondance vivant à Montréal et dans la région, à travers une perspective inspirée du sociologue George Simmel. Nous avons effectué des entretiens, sous forme de récit de vie et utilisé la méthode de l’ethnosociologie pour analyser leur discours. Nos résultats démontrent que le contrat amoureux influence les couples mariés par correspondance au cours des phases successives de leur relation et de leur vie commune. La construction sociale de leur réalité de couple, bâtie sur les sentiments amoureux et le travail au quotidien pour assurer le fonctionnement et la stabilité du couple, permet de passer outre d’éventuelles raisons initiales pratiques pour se marier. Malgré des inégalités, comme la division sexuée du travail et des revenus, l’agentivité de l’épouse est à l’œuvre lors de la planification de la rencontre, la première rencontre physique, l’installation au Canada et l’établissement de la vie commune et le processus de planification du couple. Le contrat amoureux et la construction sociale du couple offrent à l’épouse la possibilité de réduire les inégalités et de gagner une indépendance personnelle. Le retour aux Philippines est important dans la conversation conjugale, notamment au niveau de la planification à long terme du couple.

Proyecto María María

María María es un proyecto que se desarrollara en sector de la Joyería y la Bisutería pero con un fuerte enfoque Cultural y artístico. Nuestro producto es más que un accesorio, por un lado es la belleza y distinción que buscan las mujeres y por otro lado es la experiencia del cliente, quien tendrá la oportunidad de personalizar su accesorio, ser diseñador por un rato y lucir su propia creación. Este accesorio pone en contacto al usuario con el mundo literario; es decir con pequeños universos, lleno de múltiples y diversas ideas. En el Siguiente trabajo se plantea un plan de negocios para el desarrollo de Maria Maria, una empresa de diseño de Joyería que se Inspira en la literatura. El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la situación del sector joyero en Colombia, su viabilidad y crear estrategias para el éxito del mismo para su desarrollo en Colombia y posible expansión a Perú.

“Nadie es profeta en su tierra”: Etnografía económica de las dinámicas comerciales de los Kichwa-Otavalo en San Victorino, Bogotá

La presente monografía describe las dinámicas económicas de los Kichwas Otavalo en la zona comercial de San Victorino, Bogotá. Dichas dinámicas son examinadas a partir de la Nueva Sociología Económica (Smelser & Swedberg, 2005) y la Etnografía Económica (Dufy & Weber, 2009) para mostrar las divergentes racionalidades que surgen al interior del mercado. Esto nos lleva a debatir con la ciencia económica ortodoxa y los supuestos que manejan frente a la racionalidad, el mercado y la competencia. A lo largo del texto se sostiene la importancia de los marcos de transacción (Dufy & Weber, 2009), su trascendencia, y su factibilidad para entender las dinámicas históricas, económicas y comerciales que rodean la venta ambulante en San Victorino. Por otro lado mostramos cómo estos mismos marcos de transacción se reflejan en las dinámicas comerciales de este grupo indígena oriundo del Norte de Ecuador. Se hace un recuento de su historia y de los tipos de negocios en los que resultó la tradicional venta ambulante en la capital colombiana. Las racionalidades de estos son resumidas en dos tipos de racionalidades (tradicional y modernista) que derivan tanto en grandes logros como en grandes problemáticas al interior de la comunidad. El caso, en suma, demuestra que la racionalidad económica es mucho más compleja de lo que la teoría económica ortodoxa desea admitir. Nadie es profeta en su tierra.

Reflexiones sobre la perspectiva intercultural a partir de la figura del extranjero

Monográfico con el título: Comunicación intercultural y diversidad. Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Resumen en inglés y catalán

Främlingen

Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

Sportdykaren och den ”rätta” manligheten

The Scuba Diver and “Proper” Masculinity Based on ethnographic fieldwork on scuba diving, this article explores the social homogeneity characterizing this specific sport activity regarding questions on how deviance is treated within a group and on what grounds. The consequences of the dangerous context on the Dyad (one is always diving together with a “Buddy”) in which the activity is performed, is analysed with the help of Georg Simmel (1950) and Erving Goffman (1967). The loyalty of the diving partner (the Buddy) towards the “right attitude” which governs the activity may be turned against the scuba diver who does not adapt. The Buddy is transformed from a friend into an opponent, who, by spreading anecdotes or rumours, questions the character of the scuba diver, which eventually may exclude him or her from the activity. The article discusses how the “right attitude” in scuba diving is related to the so-called predominant masculine identity (Connell 1995) in a Swedish context.

Assentamento Cachoeira Grande: formas de sociabilidade

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal mapear os diferentes grupos quese formam nesta comunidade, bem como entender suas intenções nestasformações; pesquisando as práticas sociais de um assentamento rural, CachoeiraGrande, no município de Magé, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em suas múltiplasrelações cotidianas. Tomando como ponto de partida as relações entre osmoradores e a associação de moradores, busca-se fazer uma análise das relaçõesde lazer e religião, aqui em suas dimensões envolvendo o futebol e a Igreja daAssembléia de Deus, especificamente, dentro da casa de uma moradora, DonaFrancisca de Jesus. São pontos importantes neste trabalho: a discussão do conceitode sociabilidade proposto por Georg Simmel; e as interações entre os moradores ea Associação. Para isso, utilizei como metodologia de pesquisa, as entrevistasindividuais e coletivas, a observação e a fotografia.

Cuidado e sustentação da vida : a interface da educação popular no cotidiano de mulheres recicladoras

Esta Tese se propôs descrever o Cotidiano de um galpão de separação de resíduos sólidos urbanos, apresentando as ações e as relações entre os sujeitos, compreendidas como atitudes de Cuidado. A investigação foi desenvolvida em uma perspectiva qualitativa, descrevendo como o grupo investigado estabelece em seu interior relações sociais, relações de trabalho e relações de gênero. A descrição do Cotidiano do Galpão Rubem Berta mostrou como este grupo se organiza, mostrou como se manifestam as atitudes de Cuidado entre as mulheres e de que modo esta dimensão pode ser percebida na atividade que realizam. Como resultado, foi possível afirmar que a Educação Popular é uma interface do universo do Galpão, um espaço mediador de aprendizagens e de construção de saberes, sistematizados a partir da convivência e visibilizados nas relações e nas ações das mulheres recicladoras. Para fundamentar teoricamente esta Tese, recorri às contribuições de Michel Maffesoli, Georg Simmel, Martin Heidegger, Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, dentre outros autores, que favoreceram a compreensão desse grupo desde uma perspectiva que valoriza a efervescência e a vitalidade nas relações sociais. Trata-se, portanto, de uma abordagem teórica que se aproxima e se reconcilia com a vida, tendo-a como uma obra de arte em criação permanente.

A vestimenta e a moda: uma análise da revista estilo

This research addresses the consumption of women's fashion, through an analysis of the contents of the Estilo magazine. This magazine is an licensing of American Instyle, directed at the female, published by Editora Abril in Brazil since 2002. To guide this research, in relation of the fashionable field, some relevants concepts and authors were worked, like Pierre Bourdieu, Gilda de Souza Melo, Georg Simmel, Gilles Lipovetsky among other fundamental to understanding both the consumption and fashion. Still in search of understanding the discourses that permeated the fashion world were done semi-structured interviews with two costume designers who work in two different shops specializing in fabrics in the Natal's city. Were analyzed Estilo magazines published from June 2008 to June 2009, relating to the data collected in interviews in order to understand how discourses are constructed and disseminated, becoming so efficient in the seduction of women's groups which is directed to achieve and consolidate the production of appropriate and acceptable form to wear

Modos de ser e modos de viver : a trajetória dos estrangeiros em Natal/RN

This work aims to understand the trajectory of immigrants living in Natal / RN, between the years 1990 and 2009, their motivations for this change, their sociability relations, as well as the impact of this group in Natal and specifically, in the district of Ponta Negra, where most of them established their residences or work. Considering that the historical, political, economical and social environment where these immigrants are inserted, are different from that experienced by former immigrants who came to Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period of mass migration, it was revealed that immigration studied in contemporary Natal constitutes a new configuration (Elias, 1994). This new configuration is represented by several characteristics that distinguish this contemporary immigration, as: the relationship established by these foreigners, both with their country of origin and the destination, the formation of social networks that offer support to newcomers and those already installed, the relations of sociability with locals and a new relationship of belonging with the space, since the possibility of coming and going from one country to the other, allows a (re)production of their original ?? social and economic life in the new space. The research methodology was based on the analysis of narrative interviews, in light of the theory of Schütze (1977) in order to understand the faces of this immigration. As theoretical support for the data analysis the theories of authors such as Norbert Elias, presentedin his work about the established and outsiders, Pierre Bourdieu, and his concept of habitus, distinction and style of life, Georg Simmel, and his study of life in the metropolis, his analysis of the foreigner and his theory of sociability, among others. This study attempted to give visibility to foreigners living in Natal, who experience the dynamics of the district of Ponta Negra and reconstruct their daily relations of sociability in this space. In fact, the presence of foreigners in this urban context allows for the construction of new configurations, both in terms of the physical space of the neighborhood, which has been modified by the touristification process and the real estate market, which is molded to meet this demand, but also in their social sphere, with regard to the relations established between foreign residents and locals. In seeking to characterize these migratory experiences it could be understood that the trajectories of each foreigner is part of a broader social structure, which cannot be evaluated neither disconnected from the contexts in which they operate, nor under a single point of view

Ação social da Rede Caritas de Empreendimentos de Economia Solidária - EES: um estudo sobre valores e dinheiro

This study seeks to analyze the relationship between values and economic practices in social actions developed by the Caritas Network northeastern in projects linked to the Solidarity Economy over the last decade. This link between economic values and practices is discussed in relation to both Weber (Economy and Society) and Simmel (The Philosophy of Money) with a treatment of the affinities between both the economic sphere and religious ethics and the forms of sociability that bring individuals into contact with the circulation of money. The research scope was comprised of businesses monitored by Caritas in four northeastern states (Pernambuco, Paraíba, Alagoas and Rio Grande do Norte where we sought investigate the influence of ethical values, religious networks, and the economic practices of associations, groups and cooperatives. The field research took place over nine months with visits to local groups in their production areas, participation in trade fairs, training, exchanges, forums and regional meetings. Through this research we saw that money, the symbol and instrument of utilitarian reason, shapes individual behavior and socialization conditions since in business practices it is permeated by religious and ethical values when confronted by their experiences, values and neoliberal practices. The data and conclusions and relates to the overall research of the regional Caritas Network, the place it occupies in the Solidarity Economy and its influence on the sociability of business

Rodando a bolsinha: dinheiro e relações de prostituição

In this work a series of discussions is made on the relationship between money and prostitution in a way of overcoming its merely economic aspects, in the perception of both being social, cultural and historical phenomena, and taking them as symbols, whose study aids to unveil the reality. In this context it is looked for revealing its forms and contents to make it possible to understand them beyond the rationality, calculability and mathematical elements presents in them; beyond apparentness, taking them in their complexity. The discussions encompass theoretical elements, based especially on Georg Simmel s theoretical analyses, allied to a specific empirical frame that regards the life experience of the women of Praia do Meio, pedaço of the city of Natal-RN-Brazil, where the data were collected from. Fundamentally, prostitution is perceived as an exchange activity, which is not depleted in the economic elements, but, contrarily, starts on them and surpasses them in diverse aspects. It deals about a money-mediated relationship between human beings that possesses in itself a full complexity, which demands an accurate and keen attention to be comprehended. Since money has transformed the world and the men and women in it, the discussions in the text are conducted in a direction to attempt to encircle and understand the relationship between money and prostitution. Prostitution, in turn, aids to understand such a transformation as it is also a symbol of our times and it makes us to face the true essence of our society: the transformation of human beings into merchandise, into negotiable objects. In the money-based society it is possible to picture the phenomenon of double prostitution: negotiation of the human being, through labor, and negotiation of sex, the last being dramatically stigmatized and the former strongly encouraged. This may be demonstrating that the paid sex is, in the money-ruled society, a limit of commercialization, widely accepted provided it is camouflaged and surrounded by an aura of sensuality and legitimacy

Algumas reflexões sobre estilo de vida urbano

Este trabalho consiste numa reflexão sobre alguns termos como urbano, estilo de vida, estilo. Os autores consultados foram Simmel, Park, Redfield, Wirth, por um lado e Schütz, Berger Luckmann, por outro.

„Abgeschoben in die Marginalität“ - Eine empirische Untersuchung zur problematischen Eingliederung der wegen Straffälligkeit aus Deutschland abgeschobenen türkischen Staatsangehörigen in der türkischen Gesellschaft

Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt anhand von Einzelfällen, welche Probleme und Folgen eine Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung von kriminell gewordenen Angehörigen der sogenannten zweiten Generation türkischer Staatsangehöriger im Hinblick auf deren Eingliederung in die türkische Gesellschaft mit sich bringt.rnDem Bereich der Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung – beides Formen von Zwangsmigration – ausländischer Staatsangehöriger in ihr Herkunftsland wurde bislang im weiten Feld der Integrationsforschung kaum Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Nicht anders verhält es sich in der politischen und öffentlichen Diskussion, wenn es um die „Entfernung“ kriminell gewordener Ausländer, die mitunter in Deutschland geboren und aufgewachsen sind oder sich bereits viele Jahre in der Bundesrepublik aufhalten, aus dem Bundesgebiet geht. Bei dieser Diskussion wird zwar die Bestrafung kriminell gewordener Ausländer mittels Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung vorschnell befürwortet, besonders in solch spektakulären Fällen, wie in dem des Jugendlichen Muhlis Arı, genannt „Mehmet“ oder in dem des als „Münchner U-Bahn Schläger“ bekannt gewordenen Serkan. Die weitreichenden Folgen für den Einzelnen werden in der Regel jedoch nicht tiefergehend betrachtet.rnDeshalb steht im Zentrum dieser Arbeit die Frage, wie sich die Eingliederung von in Deutschland geborenen und hier aufgewachsenen Nachkommen der „Gastarbeiter“-Generation sowie später nachgeholter Kinder im Anschluss an eine Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung in die türkische Gesellschaft gestaltet. Die theoretische Grundlage der Untersuchung bilden vier theoretische Konzepte zu Integration, Fremdheit und Marginalität. Dabei handelt es sich um die „Integrationstheorie“ von Hartmut Esser, das Konzept des „bleibenden Fremden“ von Georg Simmel, das des „einwandernden Fremden“ von Alfred Schütz sowie um das Konzept des „marginal man“ von Robert E. Park. Auf Basis dieser vier theoretischen Konzepte und der Auswertung des erhobenen empirischen Datenmaterials wird deutlich, dass hohe soziale Barrieren auf Seiten der Mitglieder der türkischen Aufnahmegesellschaft, mangelnde integrationsförderliche Opportunitäten, aber auch eine geringe Motivation auf Seiten der Betroffenen zur Aufnahme integrationsförderlicher Handlungen eine Integration verhindern. Die von Ausweisung und/oder Abschiebung Betroffenen sind letztlich dazu gezwungen, dauerhaft ein Leben am Rande der Gesellschaft in der Marginalität zu führen.rn