Prospective association of the SHARE-operationalized frailty phenotype with adverse health outcomes: evidence from 60+ community-dwelling Europeans living in 11 countries.

BACKGROUND: Among the many definitions of frailty, the frailty phenotype defined by Fried et al. is one of few constructs that has been repeatedly validated: first in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and subsequently in other large cohorts in the North America. In Europe, the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a gold mine of individual, economic and health information that can provide insight into better understanding of frailty across diverse population settings. A recent adaptation of the original five CHS-frailty criteria was proposed to make use of SHARE data and measure frailty in the European population. To test the validity of the SHARE operationalized frailty phenotype, this study aims to evaluate its prospective association with adverse health outcomes. METHODS: Data are from 11,015 community-dwelling men and women aged 60+ participating in wave 1 and 2 of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, a population-based survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the 2-year follow up effect of SHARE-operationalized frailty phenotype on the incidence of disability (disability-free at baseline) and on worsening disability and morbidity, adjusting for age, sex, income and baseline morbidity and disability. RESULTS: At 2-year follow up, frail individuals were at increased risk for: developing mobility (OR 3.07, 95% CI, 1.02-9.36), IADL (OR 5.52, 95% CI, 3.76-8.10) and BADL (OR 5.13, 95% CI, 3.53-7.44) disability; worsening mobility (OR 2.94, 95% CI, 2.19- 3.93) IADL (OR 4.43, 95% CI, 3.19-6.15) and BADL disability (OR 4.53, 95% CI, 3.14-6.54); and worsening morbidity (OR 1.77, 95% CI, 1.35-2.32). These associations were significant even among the prefrail, but with a lower magnitude of effect. CONCLUSIONS: The SHARE-operationalized frailty phenotype is significantly associated with all tested health outcomes independent of baseline morbidity and disability in community-dwelling men and women aged 60 and older living in Europe. The robustness of results validate the use of this phenotype in the SHARE survey for future research on frailty in Europe.

Examination of the Iowa Medical Assistance Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments Program and the accompanying schedule identified as Schedule 1 for the Iowa Department of Human Services for the year ended June 30, 2011

Examination of the Iowa Medical Assistance Disproportionate Share Hospital Payments Program and the accompanying schedule identified as Schedule 1 for the Iowa Department of Human Services for the year ended June 30, 2011

Issue review : Iowa soil and water conservation cost share program.

This issue review provides an overview of funds dispersed for the soil and water conservation cost share program in the Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, DALS.

Soil Conservation Cost Share: SFY 2015 Annual Report, October 2015

Annual report of soil conservation in Iowa.

Soil Conservation Cost Share: SFY 2014 Annual Report, October 2015

Annual report of soil conservation in Iowa.

Share my car

Proyecto que plantea dar una solución alternativa a las soluciones tecnológicas existentes de car sharing. Para ello se ha desarrollado una aplicación en plataforma Android que permite poner en contacto a pasajeros y conductores.

Promoting the Creation, Share and Use of OERs through Open Repositories and Social Networks

In this paper we discuss and analyze the process of using a learning object repository and building a social network on the top of it, including aspects related to open source technologies, promoting the use of the repository by means of social networks and helping learners to develop their own learning paths.

Mouse Grueneberg ganglion neurons share molecular and functional features with C. elegans amphid neurons.

The mouse Grueneberg ganglion (GG) is an olfactory subsystem located at the tip of the nose close to the entry of the naris. It comprises neurons that are both sensitive to cold temperature and play an important role in the detection of alarm pheromones (APs). This chemical modality may be essential for species survival. Interestingly, GG neurons display an atypical mammalian olfactory morphology with neurons bearing deeply invaginated cilia mostly covered by ensheathing glial cells. We had previously noticed their morphological resemblance with the chemosensory amphid neurons found in the anterior region of the head of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We demonstrate here further molecular and functional similarities. Thus, we found an orthologous expression of molecular signaling elements that was furthermore restricted to similar specific subcellular localizations. Calcium imaging also revealed a ligand selectivity for the methylated thiazole odorants that amphid neurons are known to detect. Cellular responses from GG neurons evoked by chemical or temperature stimuli were also partially cGMP-dependent. In addition, we found that, although behaviors depending on temperature sensing in the mouse, such as huddling and thermotaxis did not implicate the GG, the thermosensitivity modulated the chemosensitivity at the level of single GG neurons. Thus, the striking similarities with the chemosensory amphid neurons of C. elegans conferred to the mouse GG neurons unique multimodal sensory properties.

Julkisen osakeyhtiön omien osakkeiden hankinta ja niiden kirjanpidollinen käsittely. Case HEXTech - Indeksin yhtiöt

Tavoitteena on selvittää ja kuvata lainsäädännön kehitys julkisen osakeyhtiön omien osakkeiden hankinnassa ja esittämisessä tilinpäätöksessä sekä miten teoriaa sovelletaan käytännössä julkisiin osakeyhtiöihin. Lähestymistapa on teoriasidonnainen, säädöstaustaan perustuva ja analyysin perustana ovat dokumentoidut säädökset. Tutkimusmenetelmä on deskriptiivinen tapaustutkimus, jonka analyysi rajoittuu vuoteen 2005. Tutkimustyön sisältö koostuu julkisesti noteerattujen osakeyhtiöiden omien osakkeiden hankkimisesta ja esittämisestä tilinpäätöksessä koskevista EuroopanUnionin direktiivien sisällön käsittelystä, niiden vaikutuksesta osakeyhtiö-, kirjanpito- ja arvopaperimarkkinalakiin sekä HEXTech - Indeksin yhtiöiden käytäntöön. Tätä käytäntöä selvitetään ja kuvataan tutkimusosuudessa. Tutkimustuloksena voidaan todeta, että lait on harmonisoitu Euroopan Yhteisöjen direktiivejä vastaavaksi. HEXTech - Indeksin yhtiöt ovat noudattaneet kirjanpito-, osakeyhtiö- ja arvopaperimarkkinalain ohjeita ja määräyksiä käytännöissään. Yhtiökokoukselta on saatu valtuutuksia hankkia omia osakkeita.Kymmenestä yhtiöstä seitsemän oli saanut valtuutuksen ja vain neljä toteutti käytännössä saamansa valtuutuksen. Kaksi yhtiötä mitätöi, yksi kannusti avainhenkilöitään hankkimillaan omilla osakkeilla ja yksi toteutti takaisinostotarjouksella omien osakkeiden hankinnan.

Anàlisi “shift share” de l’evolució del cens de porcí a Espanya (1962-2005)

El desenvolupament de la ramaderia intensiva s’ha produït mitjançant aglomeracions espacials de les explotacions ramaderes. El sector porcí és un dels principals exponents d’aquesta aglomeració i concentració espacial. Per això s'ha realitzat el present PFC amb l'objectiu d'estudiar el procés de concentració de la producció porcina a les diferents Comunitats Autònomes entre els anys 1962 i 2005, investigant els efectes diferencials i d’assignació de l’anàlisi “shift share”. Es conclou que en els anys estudiats hi ha hagut dos pols d'aglomeració de la cabana porcina, Catalunya+Osca i la Regió de Múrcia, que han estat cabdals en l'abastiment dels mercats.