Clinical evaluation of two packable resin-based composite restorations: A three-year report

This randomized clinical trial sought to evaluate the performance of two packable composites over a period of 36 months. A total of 39 Class I and II restorations were placed in the permanent teeth of 20 patients. Using United States Public Health Services criteria, two investigators evaluated the restorations immediately after placement and again after 12 and 36 months, examining color match, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, recurrent caries, proximal contact, anatomical shape, surface texture, and postoperative sensitivity. It was concluded that the packable composites evaluated showed satisfactory clinical performance after three years.

Functional and esthetic rehabilitation with In-Ceram alumina and zirconia system: A multidisciplinary approach

The development of all-ceramic systems following metalceramics restorations allowed simulation of natural dentition due to favorable esthetics and resistance. In-Ceram is an alternative when esthetics is primordial as well as resistance required in rehabilitation. However, an ideal smile is associated to not only shape, color, texture and translucency but also harmony with gingival tissue. So, the aim of this study is to report a clinical case based on periodontal and fixed partial dentures principles to perform periodontal plastic surgery followed by esthetic rehabilitation. A female patient, 40-year-old, presented complaint about dental esthetics. After clinical and radiographic exams, metal-ceramics crowns (teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23) were considered unsatisfactory due to marginal leakage, color change in gingival tissue associated to metallic margin, and gummy smile. So, a crown lengthening surgery of anterior teeth was performed followed by rehabilitation of superior teeth with In-Ceram single crowns. Clinical significance: The interaction between periodontics and fixed prosthodontic area is the key of an adequated treatment planning which involves gingival smile to provide function and an esthetic condition in association with an esthetic, resistant and predictable material.

Capital flows to Latin America: fourth quarter 2002

Includes bibliography

Considerações sobre a anatomia funcional e adptativa de alguns sigmodontinae (Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae)

Entre os mamíferos, os pequenos roedores compõem um grupo singular. Devido sua grande capacidade reprodutiva e adaptabilidade aos diferentes hábitats tornaram-se animais em plena explosão evolutiva. Filogeneticamente, o grupo ainda não está bem caracterizado e apresenta fortes similaridades morfológicas para os roedores Sigmodontinae da Serra dos Carajás. Através de estudos das características externas e de alguns ossos do pós-crânio relacionados ao hábito locomotor observamos que: 1) a preferência de habitat dentro da região da Serra dos Carajás entre os roedores estudados, parece não está relacionada a um padrão filogenético; 2) não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação entre as características ecológicas e as principais feições morfológicas do pós-- crânio ligadas ao desenho corporal entre os Sigmodontinae; 3) a morfologia do úmero e fêmur contém forte sinal filogenético característico de subfamília Sigmodontinae 4) os índices intermembral, crural e braquial não foram eficazes na caracterização dos vários modos de locomoção entre os roedores Sigmodontinae.

Swarm-based descriptor combination and its application for image classification

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tensid- und Interpolyelektrolytkomplexe semiflexibler Polyelektrolyte

Hochgeladene semiflexible kationische und anionische Polyelektrolyte wurden mit niedermolekularen Tensiden zu Polyelektrolyt-Tensid-Komplexen (PETK) umgesetzt und in organischen Lösungsmitteln mit Streumethoden und Rasterkraftmikroskopie charakterisiert. Die synthetisierten PETK wurden anschließend, mit dem Ziel einer strukturkontrollierten Komplexbildung, für die Bildung von Interpolyelektrolytkomplexen (IPEK) in organischen Lösungsmitteln verwendet und anhand ihres Komplexbildungsverhaltens mit wässrigen Systemen verglichen. Die Umsetzung von zylindrischen Polymerbürsten mit Poly(styrolsulfonat)-, bzw. Poly(2-vinylpyridinium)-Seitenketten mit entgegengesetzt geladenen Tensiden verlief, trotz einer Graftingdichte von eins, quantitativ. Mit Streumethoden konnte gezeigt werden, dass die gebildeten PETK in Lösung als molekulare Zylinder vorliegen. Die Synthese von pUC19-DNA-Tensidkomplexen (DNA-TK), die sich in Alkoholen gut lösen, ist nur in stark basischer Lösung gelungen. Während der Charakterisierung der DNA-TK mit Streumethoden zeigte sich eine starke Abhängigkeit des Trägheitsradius von dem Verhältnis DNA-/Salz+. Die Bildung von IPEK aus hochgeladenen Polyelektrolyt-Bürsten bzw. PETK-Bürsten wurde an verschiedenen Beispielen in Wasser und DMF durchgeführt und mit Streumethoden verfolgt. Alle Systeme zeigten ein zu der IPEK-Bildung von linearen Polyelektrolyten analoges Komplexbildungsverhalten. Bei der Komplexierung von Poly(styrolsulfonat)-Bürsten-Tensidkomplexen mit kommerziellen Polyamidoamin-G5-Dendrimeren (PAMAM) oder Poly(ethylenoxid) modifizierten Poly(ethylenimin)-Bürsten hingegen wurden über den gesamten Gewichtsbruchbereich mit Streumethoden und AFM zylindrische Aggregate gefunden, die den Dimensionen der Poly(styrolsulfonat)-Bürsten-Tensidkomplexe entsprechen. Durch statistische Höhenanalyse der AFM-Bilder wurde ein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Komplexhöhe und dem Gewichtsbruch an PAMAM, bzw. PEI-PEO gefunden, der auf die Zunahme der Molmasse der Komplexe durch Wachstum entlang des Zylinderdurchmessers hindeutet. Die Bildung von Aggregaten, mit mehr als einem Polyanion, wurde nicht beobachtet.

Thermal excitations of optical nanofibers measured with a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity

Efficient coupling of light to quantum emitters, such as atoms, molecules or quantum dots, is one of the great challenges in current research. The interaction can be strongly enhanced by coupling the emitter to the eva-nescent field of subwavelength dielectric waveguides that offer strong lateral confinement of the guided light. In this context subwavelength diameter optical nanofibers as part of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) have proven to be powerful tool which also provide an efficient transfer of the light from the interaction region to an optical bus, that is to say, from the nanofiber to an optical fiber. rnAnother approach towards enhancing light–matter interaction is to employ an optical resonator in which the light is circulating and thus passes the emitters many times. Here, both approaches are combined by experi-mentally realizing a microresonator with an integrated nanofiber waist. This is achieved by building a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot type resonator from two fiber Bragg grating mirrors with a stop-band near the cesium D2-line wavelength. The characteristics of this resonator fulfill the requirements of nonlinear optics, optical sensing, and cavity quantum electrodynamics in the strong-coupling regime. Together with its advantageous features, such as a constant high coupling strength over a large volume, tunability, high transmission outside the mirror stop band, and a monolithic design, this resonator is a promising tool for experiments with nanofiber-coupled atomic ensembles in the strong-coupling regime. rnThe resonator's high sensitivity to the optical properties of the nanofiber provides a probe for changes of phys-ical parameters that affect the guided optical mode, e.g., the temperature via the thermo-optic effect of silica. Utilizing this detection scheme, the thermalization dynamics due to far-field heat radiation of a nanofiber is studied over a large temperature range. This investigation provides, for the first time, a measurement of the total radiated power of an object with a diameter smaller than all absorption lengths in the thermal spectrum at the level of a single object of deterministic shape and material. The results show excellent agreement with an ab initio thermodynamic model that considers heat radiation as a volumetric effect and that takes the emitter shape and size relative to the emission wavelength into account. Modeling and investigating the thermalization of microscopic objects with arbitrary shape from first principles is of fundamental interest and has important applications, such as heat management in nano-devices or radiative forcing of aerosols in Earth's climate system. rnUsing a similar method, the effect of the TOF's mechanical modes on the polarization and phase of the fiber-guided light is studied. The measurement results show that in typical TOFs these quantities exhibit high-frequency thermal fluctuations. They originate from high-Q torsional oscillations that couple to the nanofiber-guided light via the strain-optic effect. An ab-initio opto-mechanical model of the TOF is developed that provides an accurate quantitative prediction for the mode spectrum and the mechanically induced polarization and phase fluctuations. These high-frequency fluctuations may limit the ultimate ideality of fiber-coupling into photonic structures. Furthermore, first estimations show that they may currently limit the storage time of nanofiber-based atom traps. The model, on the other hand, provides a method to design TOFs with tailored mechanical properties in order to meet experimental requirements. rn

Biomechanics on the Half Shell: Functional Performance Influences Patterns of Morphological Variation in the Emydid Turtle carapace

This study uses the carapace of emydid turtles to address hypothesized differences between terrestrial and aquatic species. Geometric morphometrics are used to quantify shell shape, and performance is estimated for two shell functions: shell strength and hydrodynamics. Aquatic turtle shells differ in shape from terrestrial turtle shells and are characterized by lower frontal areas and presumably lower drag. Terrestrial turtle shells are stronger than those of aquatic turtles; many-to-one mapping of morphology to function does not entirely mitigate a functional trade-off between mechanical strength and hydrodynamic performance. Furthermore, areas of morphospace characterized by exceptionally poor performance in either of the functions are not occupied by any emydid species. Though aquatic and terrestrial species show no significant differences in the rate of morphological evolution, aquatic species show a higher lineage density, indicative of a greater amount of convergence in their evolutionary history. The techniques employed in this study, including the modeling of theoretical shapes to assess performance in unoccupied areas of morphospace, suggest a framework for future studies of morphological variation.

La transferencia en la clínica con niños : Continuidades y rupturas

Cada marco teórico recorta una dimensión posible respecto del funcionamiento del aparato psíquico, dando lugar a la puesta en forma de los alcances y los límites, a partir de los cuales se delimitan vías posibles de intervención. En el entramado que allí se constituye, el concepto de transferencia encuentra su asiento. Ahora bien, ¿qué rasgos de particularidad atraviesan las nociones conceptuales cuando se emplazan y articulan con los movimientos fundacionales que dan cuenta de los tiempos de constitución psíquica? Determinar la singularidad de los conceptos, desde su emplazamiento en la red conceptual que cerca los tiempos de la constitución, supone remitirse a los inicios de una práctica. Para ello, se circunscribirán ciertas coordenadas que darán cuenta del trayecto teórico-clínico propuesto por aquellos autores que trazaron el origen de la clínica con niños y adolescentes. La presente investigación se conforma a partir de las propuestas de trabajo dadas en el marco de la carrera de Especialización en Clínica Psicoanalítica con Niños y Adolescentes de la Facultad de Psicología de la UNLP, cuya directora es la profesora psicóloga Norma Najt

La transferencia en la clínica con niños : Continuidades y rupturas

Cada marco teórico recorta una dimensión posible respecto del funcionamiento del aparato psíquico, dando lugar a la puesta en forma de los alcances y los límites, a partir de los cuales se delimitan vías posibles de intervención. En el entramado que allí se constituye, el concepto de transferencia encuentra su asiento. Ahora bien, ¿qué rasgos de particularidad atraviesan las nociones conceptuales cuando se emplazan y articulan con los movimientos fundacionales que dan cuenta de los tiempos de constitución psíquica? Determinar la singularidad de los conceptos, desde su emplazamiento en la red conceptual que cerca los tiempos de la constitución, supone remitirse a los inicios de una práctica. Para ello, se circunscribirán ciertas coordenadas que darán cuenta del trayecto teórico-clínico propuesto por aquellos autores que trazaron el origen de la clínica con niños y adolescentes. La presente investigación se conforma a partir de las propuestas de trabajo dadas en el marco de la carrera de Especialización en Clínica Psicoanalítica con Niños y Adolescentes de la Facultad de Psicología de la UNLP, cuya directora es la profesora psicóloga Norma Najt

La transferencia en la clínica con niños : Continuidades y rupturas

Cada marco teórico recorta una dimensión posible respecto del funcionamiento del aparato psíquico, dando lugar a la puesta en forma de los alcances y los límites, a partir de los cuales se delimitan vías posibles de intervención. En el entramado que allí se constituye, el concepto de transferencia encuentra su asiento. Ahora bien, ¿qué rasgos de particularidad atraviesan las nociones conceptuales cuando se emplazan y articulan con los movimientos fundacionales que dan cuenta de los tiempos de constitución psíquica? Determinar la singularidad de los conceptos, desde su emplazamiento en la red conceptual que cerca los tiempos de la constitución, supone remitirse a los inicios de una práctica. Para ello, se circunscribirán ciertas coordenadas que darán cuenta del trayecto teórico-clínico propuesto por aquellos autores que trazaron el origen de la clínica con niños y adolescentes. La presente investigación se conforma a partir de las propuestas de trabajo dadas en el marco de la carrera de Especialización en Clínica Psicoanalítica con Niños y Adolescentes de la Facultad de Psicología de la UNLP, cuya directora es la profesora psicóloga Norma Najt

Mineralogical, geochemical, and lipid biomarker study of cabonate precipitates at station GeoB9908-1

Carbonate precipitates recovered from 2,000 m water depth at the Dolgovskoy Mound (Shatsky Ridge, north eastern Black Sea) were studied using mineralogical, geochemical and lipid biomarker analyses. The carbonates differ in shape from simple pavements to cavernous structures with thick microbial mats attached to their lower side and within cavities. Low d13C values measured on carbonates (-41 to -32 per mill V-PDB) and extracted lipid biomarkers indicate that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) played a crucial role in precipitating these carbonates. The internal structure of the carbonates is dominated by finely laminated coccolith ooze and homogeneous clay layers, both cemented by micritic high-magnesium calcite (HMC), and pure, botryoidal, yellowish low-magnesium calcite (LMC) grown in direct contact to microbial mats. d18O measurements suggest that the authigenic HMC precipitated in equilibrium with the Black Sea bottom water while the yellowish LMC rims have been growing in slightly 18O-depleted interstitial water. Although precipitated under significantly different environmental conditions, especially with respect to methane availability, all analysed carbonate samples show lipid patterns that are typical for ANME-1 dominated AOM consortia, in the case of the HMC samples with significant contributions of allochthonous components of marine and terrestrial origin, reflecting the hemipelagic nature of the primary sediment.

Pavimentos urbanos : criterios para su uso y diseño

La necesidad creciente del ciudadano por recuperar las relaciones con su entorno en busca de un cambio que mejore su calidad de vida, hace que nos replanteemos las ciudades y los elementos que la componen. La presente investigación se centra en los pavimentos urbanos como elemento principal de conexión entre el ciudadano y su entorno, de generación del paisaje urbano. El paisaje urbano nos ofrece el pavimento como parte exterior y visible de su piel, la epidermis, en la que se apoya y desarrolla toda la actividad de la ciudad, dando forma e influyendo en la calidad del espacio Los pavimentos urbanos deben permitir la utilización y el uso de la vía pública exterior con total seguridad y confort para el ciudadano. El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es poder establecer criterios de diseño y uso en los pavimentos urbanos, atendiendo a los parámetros funcionales (estudio de la marcha humana: normal y patológica, ergonomía, antropometría, biomecánica) y formales o de diseño (relacionados con la dimensión, la forma, el color, la textura o las juntas, la usabilidad, durabilidad, desgaste). Se añaden factores externos como contaminantes, lugar, usos, climatología. La normativa existente, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, no establece un nivel de seguridad para los pavimentos exteriores. La situación se agrava con la existencia de una variedad de métodos de ensayos y de directivas europeas, no consiguiendo llegar a un consenso en la designación del método de ensayo más adecuado al tipo de material y uso. La tesis concluye que se deben tener en cuenta las necesidades del ciudadano. Seleccionar el material adecuado al lugar y buscar las características adecuadas del material en las condiciones de uso previstas. Conocer el lugar y el uso al que se destina de forma que definamos las características fundamentales que se mantienen inalterables durante un periodo de tiempo razonable ABSTRACT The increasing need for citizens to recover their relationship with their environment as they seek to improve quality of life has made us reconsider cities and the elements that constitute them. This piece of research is focused on urban pavements as an essential element of connection between the citizen and their environment in the urban area. The urban area offers pavements as an external and visible part of its skin, its epidermis, upon which all activity is supported and carried out, giving shape and influencing in the quality of space. Citizens should be allowed to use urban pavements on public roads with total safety and comfort. The main objective of this research is to be able to establish criteria for the design and use of urban pavements, according to both functional parameters (study of human walking – normal and pathological, ergonometric, anthropometric, and biomechanically) as well as formal or design parameters (related to size, shape, colour, texture, joinings, usability, durability and resilience). Further external considerations are taken into account such as pollution, location, use and climate. Current regulations, both national and internationally, do not establish a standard degree of safety for exterior pavements. The situation is complicated further by the existence of a number of test methods and European directives, that do not reach a consensus on the most appropriate test methods on usage and materials. The thesis concludes that the focus should be citizen-centric. Materials should be chosen according to how appropriate they are for the location and the designated kind of usage. Understanding and knowing the site and the proposed kind of use are of fundamental necessity when defining the characteristics that are unchanging over a reasonable period of time.

A fast marching level set method for monotonically advancing fronts.

A fast marching level set method is presented for monotonically advancing fronts, which leads to an extremely fast scheme for solving the Eikonal equation. Level set methods are numerical techniques for computing the position of propagating fronts. They rely on an initial value partial differential equation for a propagating level set function and use techniques borrowed from hyperbolic conservation laws. Topological changes, corner and cusp development, and accurate determination of geometric properties such as curvature and normal direction are naturally obtained in this setting. This paper describes a particular case of such methods for interfaces whose speed depends only on local position. The technique works by coupling work on entropy conditions for interface motion, the theory of viscosity solutions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations, and fast adaptive narrow band level set methods. The technique is applicable to a variety of problems, including shape-from-shading problems, lithographic development calculations in microchip manufacturing, and arrival time problems in control theory.

A combined spectrophotometric and morphometric study of the lunar mare dome fields near Cauchy, Arago, Hortensius, and Milichius

In this Study we examine the spectral and morphometric properties of the four important lunar mare dome fields near Cauchy, Arago, Hortensius. and Milichius. We utilize Clementine UV vis mulfispectral data to examine the soil composition of the mare domes while employing telescopic CCD imagery to compute digital elevation maps in order to determine their morphometric properties, especially flank slope, height, and edifice Volume. After reviewing previous attempts to determine topographic data for lunar domes, we propose an image-based 3D reconstruction approach which is based on a combination of photoclinometry and shape from shading. Accordingly, we devise a classification scheme for lunar Marc domes which is based on a principal component analysis of the determined spectral and morphometric features. For the effusive mare domes of the examined fields we establish four Classes, two of which are further divided into two subclasses, respectively, where each class represents distinct combinations of spectral and morphometric dome properties. As a general trend, shallow and steep domes formed out of low-TiO2 basalts are observed in the Hortensius and Milichius dome fields, while the domes near Cauchy and Arago that consist of high-TiO2 basalts are all very shallow. The intrusive domes of our data set cover a wide continuous range of spectral and morphometric quantities, generally characterized by larger diameters and shallower flank slopes than effusive domes. A comparison to effusive and intrusive mare domes in other lunar regions, highland domes, and lunar cones has shown that the examined four mare dome fields display Such a richness in spectral properties and 3D dome shape that the established representation remains valid in a more global context. Furthermore, we estimate the physical parameters of dome formation for the examined domes based on a rheologic model. Each class of effusive domes defined in terms of spectral and morphometric properties is characterized by its specific range of values for lava viscosity, effusion rate, and duration of the effusion process. For our data set we report lava viscosities between about 10(2) and 10(8) Pas, effusion rates between 25 and 600 m(3) s(-1), and durations of the effusion process between three weeks and 18 years. Lava viscosity decreases with increasing R-415/R-750 spectral ratio and thus TiO2 content; however, the correlation is not strong, implying an important influence of further parameters like effusion temperature on lava viscosity.