Pan Pa" Ya! : inédito caso de franquicias

El modelo de franquicia ha evolucionado desde su inicio en Estados Unidos, en 1862, por Singer Sewing Machine Company debido a la necesidad de superar los problemas de distribución y cobertura de sus productos. Diversas empresas decidieron seguir con este modelo ya que sus ventajas eran mayores para penetrar mercados nuevos. Un claro exponente de la optimización de este modelo es McDonald"s que tiene más de 25.4651 franquicias en 126 países, pero para que se diera esta expansión contaron con criterios propios del modelo de franquicia que garantizan el éxito, los cuales son: estandarización de procesos y procedimientos (consignados en manuales), un "Know How" diferenciador, una marca consolidada, un plan de expansión estratégico y un modelo de negocio característico; tales variables son insustituibles para el desarrollo satisfactorio del modelo de franquicia. A nivel Colombia el primer acercamiento de franquicia lo dio la multinacional Burger King en 1980, pero luego las empresas colombianas decidieron seguir este modelo siendo Kokoriko la pionera seguida de Presto y Frisby. Una de las empresas que utiliza el modelo de franquicias en Colombia es Pan Pa" Ya!, pero es una franquicia diferente, se llama Franquicia financiera, ya que el franquiciado solo es un inversionista que aporta el capital, pero la administración esta a cargo del franquiciador. La empresa empezó utilizando el modelo tradicional de franquicia, pero este no fue exitoso debido a que los procesos no estaban totalmente estandarizados, no existía la tecnología del pan congelado y el proceso de supervisión de los locales franquiciados era muy difícil. Hoy, la situación ha cambiado y la empresa está estudiando si continuar con el modelo de franquicia financiera o volver al modelo tradicional de franquicia.

Morbilidad laboral en el sector agrícola en trabajadores afiliados a una administradora de riesgos laborales (ARL) de Colombia, durante el periodo 2011-2012.

Este estudio muestra la prevalencia por enfermedad laboral de un grupo de trabajadores afiliados a una ARL en Colombia. Compara la morbilidad laboral entre dos grupo de trabajadores expuestos y no expuestos al trabajo agrícola y al interior del grupo de trabajadores agrícolas agrupados en las actividades de corte de caña, cultivo de banano y flores. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal durante el periodo 2011-2012, mediante la revisión de una base de datos de morbilidad laboral. Se realizó un análisis uni-variado y Bi-variado y se comparó la morbilidad con datos sociodemográficos, grupos de trabajadores agrícolas y no agrícolas, y actividad productiva del sector agrícola. Se revisaron 3129 diagnósticos de enfermedad profesional durante el periodo de estudio, 433 diagnósticos fueron trabajadores agrícolas y 2696 pertenecieron a otros grupos de trabajadores. Los desórdenes Osteomusculares fueron los diagnósticos más prevalentes en el grupo Agro 92% y No Agro 86% y en las actividades de corte de caña, cultivo de banano y flores. Entre el grupo Agrícola y no agrícola se encontraron diferencias significativas en los siguientes diagnósticos: Síndrome del túnel del carpo, Síndrome de manguito rotador, Otras sinovitis y tenosinovitis, Lumbago no Especificado, Hipoacusia Neurosensorial Bilateral y epicondilitis lateral; de igual manera se encontraron diferencias entre las actividades de corte de caña y cultivo de banano y flores en los diagnósticos de: Epicondilitis, Sinovitis, Síndrome del túnel del Carpo y Trastorno lumbar. El factor de riesgo más prevalente en el grupo agrícola fue el Ergonómico con el 92.8% de los casos

Lineamientos fundamentales para la regulación jurídica del contrato de franquicia en Bolivia

Este trabajo tiene el objeto de exponer respecto al contrato de franquicia, en función de los lineamientos básicos que se deben regular para poder incorporar un capítulo específico en el código de comercio de Bolivia, ya que en la legislación boliviana tiene el carácter de ser un contrato atípico. Este trabajo contiene la evolución histórica de la franquicia en el mundo y en Bolivia. La conocemos actualmente gracias a lo sucedido en 1850, con la empresa Singer Sewing Machine Company quien decidió otorgar franquicias a empresarios independientes interesados en comercializar sus máquinas de coser. Sumándose a ésta tenemos a General Motors en 1898 que adoptó el mismo sistema. Así mismo Coca-Cola en 1899 otorgo varias franquicias para el embotellamiento de su producto, sembrando así las bases del actual sistema de franquicias. El concepto de franquicia, características, terminación, entre otros elementos fundamentales de esta figura, forman parte del primer capítulo el cual proporciona las bases para poder comprender todo lo que implica este formato de negocios. Una definición general sobre la franquicia seria: un sistema de colaboración entre dos partes jurídicamente independientes, vinculadas entre sí a través de un contrato mediante el cual una de las partes, denominada franquiciante, cede a otra parte, denominada franquiciado, cambio de cierta remuneración económica, el derecho a utilizar su marca comercial y su "saber-hacer" empresarial, por un tiempo limitado y en un territorio determinado. Luego del primer capítulo se pasa a revisar los lineamientos fundamentales que se deberían regular para una futura incorporación de este tipo de contrato a la legislación boliviana. Entre estos elementos importantes se ha considerado en el análisis la información previa de la franquicia, el idioma del contrato, la cláusula de no competencia, las cláusulas abusivas, la ley y foro aplicable al contrato, y por último, las formas alternativas de resolución de conflictos, como son la mediación y el arbitraje.

Entrepreneurial opportunities, implicit contracts and market making for complex consumer goods

This article extends the theory of entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation, outlining how under certain conditions, opportunity exploitation is dependent on market making innovations. Where adverse selection and moral hazard characterize markets, consumers are likely to withdraw regardless of product quality. In order to overcome consumer resistance, entrepreneurs must signal credible commitments. But because consumers purchase without fully specifying requirements, entrepreneurs' commitments take the partial form of implicit contracts, creating strong mutual commitments to repeated transactions. These commitments enable novel markets to function, but introduce additional costs. This article illustrates the theory with the historic case of Singer in sewing machines

File Transfer Protocol

The discourse surrounding the virtual has moved away from the utopian thinking accompanying the rise of the Internet in the 1990s. The Cyber-gurus of the last decades promised a technotopia removed from materiality and the confines of the flesh and the built environment, a liberation from old institutions and power structures. But since then, the virtual has grown into a distinct yet related sphere of cultural and political production that both parallels and occasionally flows over into the old world of material objects. The strict dichotomy of matter and digital purity has been replaced more recently with a more complex model where both the world of stuff and the world of knowledge support, resist and at the same time contain each other. Online social networks amplify and extend existing ones; other cultural interfaces like youtube have not replaced the communal experience of watching moving images in a semi-public space (the cinema) or the semi-private space (the family living room). Rather the experience of viewing is very much about sharing and communicating, offering interpretations and comments. Many of the web’s strongest entities (Amazon, eBay, Gumtree etc.) sit exactly at this juncture of applying tools taken from the knowledge management industry to organize the chaos of the material world along (post-)Fordist rationality. Since the early 1990s there have been many artistic and curatorial attempts to use the Internet as a platform of producing and exhibiting art, but a lot of these were reluctant to let go of the fantasy of digital freedom. Storage Room collapses the binary opposition of real and virtual space by using online data storage as a conduit for IRL art production. The artworks here will not be available for viewing online in a 'screen' environment but only as part of a downloadable package with the intention that the exhibition could be displayed (in a physical space) by any interested party and realised as ambitiously or minimally as the downloader wishes, based on their means. The artists will therefore also supply a set of instructions for the physical installation of the work alongside the digital files. In response to this curatorial initiative, File Transfer Protocol invites seven UK based artists to produce digital art for a physical environment, addressing the intersection between the virtual and the material. The files range from sound, video, digital prints and net art, blueprints for an action to take place, something to be made, a conceptual text piece, etc. About the works and artists: Polly Fibre is the pseudonym of London-based artist Christine Ellison. Ellison creates live music using domestic devices such as sewing machines, irons and slide projectors. Her costumes and stage sets propose a physical manifestation of the virtual space that is created inside software like Photoshop. For this exhibition, Polly Fibre invites the audience to create a musical composition using a pair of amplified scissors and a turntable. http://www.pollyfibre.com John Russell, a founding member of 1990s art group Bank, is an artist, curator and writer who explores in his work the contemporary political conditions of the work of art. In his digital print, Russell collages together visual representations of abstract philosophical ideas and transforms them into a post apocalyptic landscape that is complex and banal at the same time. www.john-russell.org The work of Bristol based artist Jem Nobel opens up a dialogue between the contemporary and the legacy of 20th century conceptual art around questions of collectivism and participation, authorship and individualism. His print SPACE concretizes the representation of the most common piece of Unicode: the vacant space between words. In this way, the gap itself turns from invisible cipher to sign. www.jemnoble.com Annabel Frearson is rewriting Mary Shelley's Frankenstein using all and only the words from the original text. Frankenstein 2, or the Monster of Main Stream, is read in parts by different performers, embodying the psychotic character of the protagonist, a mongrel hybrid of used language. www.annabelfrearson.com Darren Banks uses fragments of effect laden Holywood films to create an impossible space. The fictitious parts don't add up to a convincing material reality, leaving the viewer with a failed amalgamation of simulations of sophisticated technologies. www.darrenbanks.co.uk FIELDCLUB is collaboration between artist Paul Chaney and researcher Kenna Hernly. Chaney and Hernly developed together a project that critically examines various proposals for the management of sustainable ecological systems. Their FIELDMACHINE invites the public to design an ideal agricultural field. By playing with different types of crops that are found in the south west of England, it is possible for the user, for example, to create a balanced, but protein poor, diet or to simply decide to 'get rid' of half the population. The meeting point of the Platonic field and it physical consequences, generates a geometric abstraction that investigates the relationship between modernist utopianism and contemporary actuality. www.fieldclub.co.uk Pil and Galia Kollectiv, who have also curated the exhibition are London-based artists and run the xero, kline & coma gallery. Here they present a dialogue between two computers. The conversation opens with a simple text book problem in business studies. But gradually the language, mimicking the application of game theory in the business sector, becomes more abstract. The two interlocutors become adversaries trapped forever in a competition without winners. www.kollectiv.co.uk

Em cada canto, um conto, uma canção: o velho, a tradição oral e a educação no Mato Grande/RN

This dissertation is about an Education which is made concrete through orality and gestuality of the elderly joking masters of the territory of Mato Grande/RN and proposes a reflection about the exchange between these two knowledges and school education. Thus, it presents the following objectives: identifying the joking elderly in the region; recording their life experiences related to the jokes of the tradition and the way they realize such references at present; besides investigating and recording educative practices which consider the elderly s jokes at the present education. The investigation is supported by the metaphor in the making of a quilt as a methodological resource in the actions of measurement, choice of patches, sewing and binding off. The mapping of the territory of Mato Grande/RN has enabled the identification of seventeen joking elderly people. It considers and records their experiences with the popular amusements and from them, it discusses the ways through which the oral tradition in Mato Grande may be recognized in four categories/actions, namely, narrating, singing, dancing and getting old, which are analyzed under the studies by authors like Benjamin, Zumthor, Almeida, Porpino, among others. Finally, it also focuses the relation between the elderly, the knowledge of the tradition and the systemized education. It describes and articulates educative actions able to connect the knowledge by the joking elderly people and the knowledges taught at school, possibilities of concretization of a rebinding of knowledges which might bring orality and writing, the new and the old, science and tradition close to each other

Cobre e zinco no material percolado e no solo com a aplicação de água residuaria de suinocultura em solo cultivado com soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis efeitos da aplicação de taxas de água residuária de suinocultura (ARS), quanto às concentrações de cobre e zinco, tanto no solo quanto na água percolada de lisímetros de drenagem, durante o ciclo da cultura da soja. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, onde havia 24 lisímetros de drenagem. Semeou-se soja cultivar CD 202, e foram aplicadas ARS nas seguintes dosagens: 0; 100; 200 e 300 m³ ha-1 no ciclo, combinadas com duas adubações na semeadura (com e sem adição da adubação recomendada na semeadura), em três repetições por tratamento. Foram feitas seis coletas do material percolado durante o ciclo da cultura e realizadas determinações de cobre e zinco. No solo, foram feitas três coletas em cada parcela experimental, para a determinação do pH, da matéria orgânica, da capacidade de troca catiônica, do cobre e do zinco. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial de 4 x 2. Observou-se que o cobre no solo não apresentou diferenças significativas com a aplicação de ARS e adubação, enquanto as concentrações de zinco no solo foram influenciadas pelas taxas aplicadas de ARS. As transferências de cobre e de zinco por percolação foram pouco expressivas.

Description of the Immatures of Workers of the Weaver Ant, Camponotus textor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Webjornalismo e violações de direitos da cidadania: análise de coberturas sobre trabalho escravo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A indústria têxtil catarinense e o caso da Cia. Hering

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As histórias em quadrinhos adaptadas como recurso para ensinar matemática para alunos cegos e videntes

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Avaliação da qualidade de vida na indústria do vestuário: o caso de costureiras portadoras de lombalgias

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ser negra na precariedade das relações de trabalho

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Aplicação de água residuária tratada de suinocultura em solo cultivado com soja

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Especialização produtiva e aglomeração industrial: uma análise da indústria de confecções de Ibitinga - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)