Desenvolvimento de um serious game para a aprendizagem da leitura

A introdução de videojogos como ferramenta auxiliar do processo de educação tem vindo a crescer lado a lado com a evolução tecnológica. O aumento da capacidade dos processadores e das placas gráficas permitiram um aumento na complexidade dos videojogos e, por consequência, aumentaram as experiências fornecidas pelos mesmos. Sob o prisma da educação, o uso de um videojogo não foi a primeira ferramenta utilizada. O ensino por correspondência foi o primeiro auxílio ao método de ensino, iniciando assim o primeiro conceito de e-learning. Este permite enriquecer quem procura mais conhecimento, quem não consegue ter acesso ao mesmo ou quem tem dificuldades no ensino tradicional. A dificuldade presente em crianças com problemas do neurodesenvolvimento na aprendizagem da língua portuguesa é um problema na sociedade actual e para o combater são usados vários métodos manuais, sem recurso a tecnologia, passando normalmente por exercícios manuscritos e de observação. Desta forma, as pessoas que acompanham as crianças são obriga-das a estar presentes para recolher dados, em vez de se concentrarem nas outras actividades educativas. Este facto resulta numa possível falta de interesse por parte da criança no exercício apresentado, implicando uma perda de produtividade. A introdução de tecnologias ao serviço de causas sociais é crucial, pois permite um melhor acompanhamento das crianças, auxiliando tanto as pessoas que precisam do acompanhamento como aquelas que as acompanham. Por exemplo, um sistema automático que apresente os exercícios manuscritos num ecrã e, ao mesmo tempo, guarde os dados referentes ao seu uso seria útil para as pessoas que se encarregam de ajudar as crianças na aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa. Esta dissertação insere-se num projecto desenvolvido pelo DIFERENÇAS – Centro de Desenvolvimento Infantil, denominado por “No Reino dos Fonemas”. Este projecto baseia-se em apresentar a crianças diversas imagens com objectivos diferentes de forma a cobrir as cinco vogais e todas as consoantes, no âmbito da aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa. Neste contexto, as crianças podem-se interessar por um videojogo e aprender ao mesmo tempo, enquanto as pessoas que as acompanham, através dos dados do videojogo, podem focar-se mais nas dificuldades apresentadas por cada criança. Desta forma, é possível uma melhor organização dos dados de cada criança e, por conseguinte, um melhor acompanhamento das suas dificuldades.

A importância da Polícia Municipal na segurança

The challenge of this work is to assess the importance of the municipal police in improving the safety of citizens, if gauging from this reality through contributions from the Municipal Police Guimarães. The IV Constitutional Review in 1997, enabled the Portuguese municipalities creating administrative police bodies. These services, known as Municipal Police, have gradually come up in several municipalities. Currently the Municipal Police have their fundamental legal regulations of Law No. 19/2004 of 20 May, which, according to the Portuguese Constitution provides that these must be seen as municipal services, which act in a space territorially delimited, which corresponds to the municipality that each belongs. Under Article 237, paragraph 3, of the Constitution, the Municipal Police are municipal services, which shall cooperate in the maintenance of public order and protection of local communities, acting in cooperation with the security forces, public security functions. The safety concept has been taking an increasingly significant importance within the population. Is also no doubt say that, currently, insecurity affects all of society and is a major concern of law enforcement authorities. To find suitable answers we found that there are several studies on these subjects. In order to be able to make our contribution, text looks us on this subject, having had the support of the Municipal Police Guimarães, in the preparation of this work. Thus, based on a survey, they were sounded out, as privileged actors, agents of the Municipal Police Guimarães, in order to know their perceptions with regard to security issues faced in the context of security. We understand ask them to answer in particular the following questions: What are the most facilitators situations of crime? How important is the Municipal Police Guimarães in crime prevention? What are the strategies for prevention of incivilities? What other skills that can be conferred upon the Municipal Police? The results obtained allowed us to conclude that incivilities facilitate the occurrence of crimes and that the Municipal Police may have a more active role in the security of the population. If you were given other duties, in addition to that already have, the Municipal Police could reach another level of effectiveness. However we understand that any change to the tasks of this police need a serious and profound reflection, to find complementary alternatives with the security forces, which does not conflict with current assignments of any of the parties or with the interests of citizens.

Cumprimento de ordens, obediência hierárquica e disciplina militar versus perpetração (in)voluntária de crimes

Following orders, hierarchical obedience and military discipline are essential values for the survival of the armed forces. Without them, it is not possible to conceive the armed forces as an essential pillar of a democratic state of law and a guarantor of national independence. As issuing orders as well as receiving and following them are inextricably linked to military discipline, and as such injunctions entail the workings of a particular obedience regime within the specific kind of organized power framework which is the Armed Forces, only by analysing the importance of such orders within this microcosm – with its strict hierarchical structure – will it be possible to understand which criminal judicial qualification to ascribe to the individual at the rear by reference to the role of the front line individual (i.e. the one who issues an order vs the one who executes it). That is, of course, when we are faced with the practice of unlawful acts, keeping in mind the organizational framework and its influence over the will of the executor. One thing we take as read, if the orders can be described as unlawful, the boundary line of the duty of obedience, which cannot be overstepped, both because of a legal as well as a constitutional imperative, will have been crossed. And the military have sworn an oath of obedience to the fundamental law. The topic of hierarchical obedience cannot be separated from the analysis of current legislation which pertains to the topic within military institutions. With that in mind, it appeared relevant to address the major norms which regulate the matter within the Portuguese military legal system, and, whenever necessary and required by the reality under analysis, to relate that to civilian law or legal doctrine.

O Esclavagismo dos Tempos Modernos e a Tutela Jurídica das suas Vítimas: os meios jurídicos ao serviço da recuperação psicológica das vítimas de tráfico de seres humanos

Dissertação de mestrado em Direitos Humanos

Prevalência e gravidade de sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual em reeducandas condenadas por crimes violentos

OBJETIVO: Analisamos prevalência, intensidade e duração dos sintomas da síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM) entre as reeducandas condenadas por crimes violentos contra pessoas do presídio feminino Santa Luzia de Maceió. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um questionário baseado nos critérios diagnósticos para SPM presentes na Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) a 29 reeducandas. Foram avaliados os seguintes sintomas: depressão, dor nas costas, dor ou inchaço nas pernas, cefaléia, dor abdominal, mastalgia e irritabilidade. RESULTADOS: Vinte reeducandas (67%) apresentavam sintomas pré-menstruais de grave intensidade, que causavam prejuízos em suas atividades diárias, sendo caracterizadas como portadoras de SPM. Dessas, 80% relataram irritabilidade, 70% mastalgia, 66,6% cefaléia e 56,6% depressão. Dor e/ou inchaço nas pernas foram assinalados por 40%, dor abdominal por 33,3% e dor nas costas por 20%. Os sintomas duravam de dois a cinco dias em 85% das entrevistadas. Apenas 20% acreditavam que a SPM poderia ter influenciado no cometimento de seus delitos. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria das entrevistadas (67%) relatou pelo menos um sintoma de grave intensidade na fase pré-menstrual, sendo consideradas portadoras de SPM.

Personal indebtedness, community characteristics and theft crimes

Becker (1968) and Stigler (1970) provide the germinal works for an economic analysis of crime, and their approach has been utilised to consider the response of crime rates to a range of economic, criminal and socioeconomic factors. Until recently however this did not extend to a consideration of the role of personal indebtedness in explaining the observed pattern of crime. This paper uses the Becker (1968) and Stigler (1970) framework, and extends to a fuller consideration of the relationship between economic hardship and theft crimes in an urban setting. The increase in personal debt in the past decade has been significant, which combined with the recent global recession, has led to a spike in personal insolvencies. In the context of the recent recession it is important to understand how increases in personal indebtedness may spillover into increases in social problems like crime. This paper uses data available at the neighbourhood level for London, UK on county court judgments (CCJ's) granted against residents in that neighbourhood, this is our measure of personal indebtedness, and examines the relationship between a range of community characteristics (economic, socio-economic, etc), including the number of CCJ's granted against residents, and the observed pattern of theft crimes for three successive years using spatial econometric methods. Our results confirm that theft crimes in London follow a spatial process, that personal indebtedness is positively associated with theft crimes in London, and that the covariates we have chosen are important in explaining the spatial variation in theft crimes. We identify a number of interesting results, for instance that there is variation in the impact of covariates across crime types, and that the covariates which are important in explaining the pattern of each crime type are largely stable across the three periods considered in this analysis.

Cognitive and Emotional Deficits Associated with Minor and Serious Delinquency in High-Risk Adolescents

This study aims at evaluating how minor and serious delinquency relates to cognitive and emotional functioning in high-risk adolescents, taking problematic substance use into account. In 80 high-risk adolescent males (13-19 years), the frequency of minor and serious offences committed over the last year was predicted, in multiple regression analyses, from problematic substance use, intellectual efficiency, trait impulsivity, alexithymia (inability to express feelings in words), and cognitive coping strategies. Both minor and serious delinquency were more frequent in adolescents with more problematic substance use and higher intellectual efficacy. Minor delinquency was further related to a tendency to act out when experiencing negative emotions, and difficulties in focusing energy on instrumental action when under stress; while serious delinquency was predominantly and strongly related to rigid and dichotomous thinking. The results underline the heterogeneous nature of delinquency, minor offences being primarily associated with emotional regulation deficits, while major offences are related with a lack of cognitive flexibility.

Inter-American Court, Crimes Against Humanity and Peacebuilding in South America

The present work contains a general overview of the sentences of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), which have recognised that crimes against humanity are pre-existing in customary law, and do not prescribe, nor can they be subject to amnesty or pardon. Specific attention is paid to the consequent restrictions and opportunities offered by said verdicts to countries such as Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Peru, which find themselves in postconflict transition processes and where peace has been negotiated with certain groups and state structures that are responsible for carrying out crimes against humanity. In doing so, special attention is paid to the impact of the recognition of the nature of crimes against humanity on the notion of the principle of legality, stricto sensu; on the development and evolution of the doctrine and the practice of international human rights law in the inter-American context; and finally on the aforementioned processes of transitional justice.

Delayed otogenic hydrocephalus after acute otitis media in pediatric patients: the changing presentation of a serious otologic complication.

CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of otogenic dural sinus thrombosis (DST) as a complication of acute otitis media (AOM) can be masked by antibiotic treatment. Morning episodes of vomiting and/or headache, visual impairment and a history of AOM seem to be indicative of otogenic hydrocephalus. We therefore advocate that the MRI scans of patients with similar symptoms should be carefully studied to facilitate the early diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening complication. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency, pathognomonic signs, clinical course and outcome of otogenic hydrocephalus and DST as complications of AOM in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients (age 1-14 years) treated for otitis media and its complications at an academic medical center between 1999 and 2003. The main outcome measures were otologic and ophthalmologic findings and CT and MRI scans at the beginning of treatment and 3 months later. RESULTS: We report on five cases with otogenic DST following AOM. All but one of them presented initially with diplopia caused by otogenic hydrocephalus. In four cases the otologic complaints had already disappeared by the time of MRI confirmation of the diagnosis. Only one child was referred with severe otologic symptoms. Management included systemic antibiotics, short-term heparin anticoagulation and surgical decompression. In our cases, even after intensive i.v. antibiotic treatment, only surgery led to a significant improvement in the clinical condition.

Guidance on Discharge from Hospital and the Continuing Care in the Community of People with a Mental Disorder who could Represent a Risk of Serious Physical Harm to Themselves or Others (PDF 985 KB)

Guidance on Discharge from Hospital and the Continuing Care in the Community of People with a Mental Disorder who could Represent a Risk of Serious Physical Harm to Themselves or Others

Report of the Working Group on Treatment of Under 18 olds Presenting to Treatment Services with Serious Drug Problems

Click here to download PDF

Flu is more serious than you think (general poster)

Contact your GP surgery to find out the arrangements for flu vaccination in your practice.