Uredinales sobre Blechnaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Schizaeaceae, Myrtaceae, Oxalidaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Smilacaceae e Vitaceae da Reserva Florestal Armando de Salles Oliveira, São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Leaf anatomy as a contribution to the taxonomy of Salacioideae N.Hall, ex Thorne & Reveal (Celastraceae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

WOOD NATURAL RESISTANCE OF SEVEN FOREST SPECIES TO WHITE ROT CAUSED BY Pycnoporus sanguineus

This research evaluated the natural resistance of Platanus x acerifolia, Luehea divaricate, Carya illinoinensis, Peltophorum dubium, Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus grandis and Hovenia dulcis, to accelerated decay of the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus. The Specific Density at 12% was determinated. The accelerated decay test was conducted with glass bottles (capacity of 500 mL) filled with 100 g of moist soil, autoclaved, and kept at 25 degrees C. The initial establishment of fungal colonies on plates was supported by samples of Pinus elliottii sapwood. In this study, three samples of dimensions 9.0 x 25.0 x 25.0 mm were used for each species evaluated and, after 16 weeks of incubation, the percentage loss of mass was calculated. The degree of natural resistance was performed according to the percentages of mass loss. The results obtained from weight loss were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The natural resistance of woods was not influenced by specific gravity The wood of Carya illinoinensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Platanus x acerifolia, Luehea divaricata and Peltophorum dubium were classified as very resistant, Houvenia dulcis as resistant and Araucaria angustifolia as moderate resistant.

Vegetation and fire history of coastal north-eastern Sardinia (Italy) under changing Holocene climates and land use

Little is known about the vegetation and fire history of Sardinia, and especially the long-term history of the thermo-Mediterranean belt that encompasses its entire coastal lowlands. A new sedimentary record from a coastal lake based on pollen, spores, macrofossils and microscopic charcoal analysis is used to reconstruct the vegetation and fire history in north-eastern Sardinia. During the mid-Holocene (c. 8,100–5,300 cal bp), the vegetation around Stagno di Sa Curcurica was characterised by dense Erica scoparia and E. arborea stands, which were favoured by high fire activity. Fire incidence declined and evergreen broadleaved forests of Quercus ilex expanded at the beginning of the late Holocene. We relate the observed vegetation and fire dynamics to climatic change, specifically moister and cooler summers and drier and milder winters after 5,300 cal bp. Agricultural activities occurred since the Neolithic and intensified after c. 7,000 cal bp. Around 2,750 cal bp, a further decline of fire incidence and Erica communities occurred, while Quercus ilex expanded and open-land communities became more abundant. This vegetation shift coincided with the historically documented beginning of Phoenician period, which was followed by Punic and Roman civilizations in Sardinia. The vegetational change at around 2,750 cal bp was possibly advantaged by a further shift to moister and cooler summers and drier and milder winters. Triggers for climate changes at 5,300 and 2,750 cal bp may have been gradual, orbitally-induced changes in summer and winter insolation, as well as centennial-scale atmospheric reorganizations. Open evergreen broadleaved forests persisted until the twentieth century, when they were partly substituted by widespread artificial pine plantations. Our results imply that highly flammable Erica vegetation, as reconstructed for the mid-Holocene, could re-emerge as a dominant vegetation type due to increasing drought and fire, as anticipated under global change conditions.

Contribución al estudio fitosociológico de rodales de Maytenus boaria (Celastráceas) en Mendoza

Los rodales de Maytenus boaria en la cordillera de Mendoza constituyen relictos arbóreos en riesgo. Se realizaron relevamientos fitosociológicos de estos en quebradas de la Cordillera Frontal. Se observaron bosques puros en laderas y mixtos en terrazas. Los rodales puros se localizaron por encima de 1500 m s. n. m. en: 1) quebradas cerradas en umbrías y solanas en ambientes fríos, que corresponden al piso de Mulguraea scoparia y Colliguaja integerrima; las condiciones más frías de umbría son evidenciadas por Junellia juniperina, Bowlesia tropaeolifolia, Gutierrezia gilliesii, Mutisia subspinosa, Ephedra breana, Geranium berteroanum y Calceolaria pinifolia; las condiciones más cálidas de solana por Schinus fasciculatus, Lycium chilense y Buddleja mendozensis; 2) valles abiertos en umbrías en ambientes frescos donde crecen las especies del Monte: L. chilense, Baccharis salicifolia, Larrea nitida y Proustia cuneifolia; estas tres últimas junto con Eupatorium buniifolium indican mayor disponibilidad de agua en laderas y terrazas. En los ambientes frescos se relevaron también los bosques mixtos de M. boaria y Ochetophila trinervis con Rosa rubiginosa, P. cuneifolia, E. buniifolium en terrazas por debajo de 1500 m s. n. m. Son bosques azonales que constituyen rodales aislados de escasa extensión en sitios con alta disponibilidad de agua.