LC2, the Chlamydomonas Homologue of the t Complex-encoded Protein Tctex2, Is Essential for Outer Dynein Arm Assembly

Tctex2 is thought to be one of the distorter genes of the mouse t haplotype. This complex greatly biases the segregation of the chromosome that carries it such that in heterozygous +/t males, the t haplotype is transmitted to >95% of the offspring, a phenomenon known as transmission ratio distortion. The LC2 outer dynein arm light chain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a homologue of the mouse protein Tctex2. We have identified Chlamydomonas insertional mutants with deletions in the gene encoding LC2 and demonstrate that the LC2 gene is the same as the ODA12 gene, the product of which had not been identified previously. Complete deletion of the LC2/ODA12 gene causes loss of all outer arms and a slow jerky swimming phenotype. Transformation of the deletion mutant with the cloned LC2/ODA12 gene restores the outer arms and rescues the motility phenotype. Therefore, LC2 is required for outer arm assembly. The fact that LC2 is an essential subunit of flagellar outer dynein arms allows us to propose a detailed mechanism whereby transmission ratio distortion is explained by the differential binding of mutant (t haplotype encoded) and wild-type dyneins to the axonemal microtubules of t-bearing or wild-type sperm, with resulting differences in their motility.

Crystal cataracts: Human genetic cataract caused by protein crystallization

Several human genetic cataracts have been linked recently to point mutations in the γD crystallin gene. Here we provide a molecular basis for lens opacity in two genetic cataracts and suggest that the opacity occurs because of the spontaneous crystallization of the mutant proteins. Such crystallization of endogenous proteins leading to pathology is an unusual event. Measurements of the solubility curves of crystals of the Arg-58 to His and Arg-36 to Ser mutants of γD crystallin show that the mutations dramatically lower the solubility of the protein. Furthermore, the crystal nucleation rate of the mutants is enhanced considerably relative to that of the wild-type protein. It should be noted that, although there is a marked difference in phase behavior, there is no significant difference in protein conformation among the three proteins.

Boston & Maine Railroad, 1849 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the Boston & Maine Railroad : published by order of the Legislature of Massachusetts, showing its relative position & connection with other railroads, prepared by order of the Committee of Investigation ; Wm. P. Parrott, engineer ; George B. Parrott, del. It was published in July 1849 by W.C. Sharp's Lith. Scale [ca. 1:162,925]. Covers area from Portland, Me. to Boston, Mass. and west to Concord, N.H.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic projection (Meters). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, state, county and selected town boundaries, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Manufacturing developments in Argentina.

"Principal sources": p. 25-26.

The trail drivers of Texas : interesting sketches of early cowboys and their experiences on the range and on the trail during the days that tried men's souls: true narratives related by real cow-punchers and men who fathered the cattle industry in Texas /

Mode of access: Internet.

Annual report /

Commissioners: 1867-1871, George B. Wright.--1871-1872, Richard D. Harrision.--1872-1874, Orlow L. Wolcott.--1874-1876, John G. Thompson.--1876-1878, Lincoln G. Delano.--1878-1880. William Bell, Jr.--1880-1881, James S. Robinson.--1881-1885, Hylas Sabine.--1885-1887, Henry Apthorp.--1887-1890, William S. Cappeller.--1890-1892, James A. Norton.--1892-1897, William Kirkby.--1897-1901, Raymond S. Kayler.--1901-1906, James C. Morris.

Potatoes : acreage, production, value, farm dispositon, Jan. 1 stocks (1866-1950)

Mode of access: Internet.

Supplement to Arthur's Manual of the rusts in United States and Canada.

Mode of access: Internet.

Nutritional physiology of the adult ruminant,

Bibliographical foot-notes.

Recollections of a New York chief of police : an official record of thiry-eight years as patrolman, detective, captain, inspector and chief of the New York Police /

"Illustrated from original drawings and photographs."

A plan for regional cooperation: public information and education for highway safety including communication plans and strategies. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Minty and the cavalry. A history of cavalry campaigns in the western armies.

Includes rosters of officers of the 4th Mich., 7th Pa., 4th U.S. and 9th Pa. cavalry. A dozen or more other regiments were, at one time or another attached to the brigade.

Das illustrirte Mississippithal : dargestellt in 80 nach der Natur aufgenommenen Ansichten vom Wasserfalle zu St. Anthony an bis zum Golf von Mexico (eine Entfernung von ungefähr 2300 englischen Meilen) /

Cf. Sabin 40807.

Folk-songs of England,

Pl. no.: 12593, 13678, 12993, 13587, 13652.

TRIPCAL5 documentation manual, revised edition.

Texas Department of Transportation, Austin