994 resultados para SMALL QUANTITIES


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O abastecimento de água é de suma importância não só para a sobrevivência humana, como também para o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas e institucionais, ou seja, para vida orgânica/biótica e para a vida social. Com relação à disponibilidade desse recurso, o Brasil é um país com enormes reservas potencias para atender a esse fim. A Cidade Universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto, Campus da UFPA, atualmente produz sua água, com a captação através de aquifero subterrâneo, e, em pequena quantidade, também compra da Concessionária Local. Contudo, em relação à produção na Universidade Federal do Pará não há conhecimento quanto aos custos de manutenção da linha de produção, da mão-deobra envolvida, etc. A falta desse conhecimento não permite que o Gestor possa agir de forma estratégica, com relação a essa situação. Este trabalho visa levantar os custos diretos e indiretos da produção de 1m³ de água tratada na Cidade Universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto, comparando-o com os valores cobrados pela Concessionária Local, a fim de demonstrar ao gestor qual a situação mais vantajosa à Administração com relação ao assunto a ser abordado. Ademais, foram criados cenários futuros, tendo em vista que a atividade universitária é dinâmica e crescente, além do que se incorporaram condições como custo de energia e valor da outorga para captação de água, ainda não integrados nos custo atuais de produção. Os resultados demonstram claramente que a opção de produzir água para consumo é a mais vantajosa em termos econômicos para a Instituição, em qualquer cenário proposto. Ressalta-se que o custo por m³ da água produzida varia de R$ 0,31 a R$ 0,45, enquanto que a compra através da Concessionária Local, em torno de R$ 4,30/m³ para o ano de 2011, só se mostrará viável se esse preço for de no máximo de R$ 0,50/m³. Com essas informações e análises devidamente apresentadas de forma clara e tecnicamente consideradas, este trabalho poderá ser utilizado como instrumento de gestão pública capaz de permitir o melhor ou mais adequado sistema de Abastecimento de Água na Cidade Universitária Professor José da Silveira Netto.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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We aimed to evaluate whether the occurrence of cryptic species of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, S1, PS2, PS3 and Paracoccidioides lutzii, has implications in the immunodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Small quantities of the antigen gp43 were found in culture filtrates of P. lutzii strains and this molecule appeared to be more variable within P. lutzii because the synonymous-nonsynonymous mutation rate was lower, indicating an evolutionary process different from that of the remaining genotypes. The production of gp43 also varied between isolates belonging to the same species, indicating that speciation events are important, but not sufficient to fully explain the diversity in the production of this antigen. The culture filtrate antigen AgEpm83, which was obtained from a PS3 isolate, showed large quantities of gp43 and reactivity by immunodiffusion assays, similar to the standard antigen (AgB-339) from an S1 isolate. Furthermore, AgEpm83 was capable of serologically differentiating five serum samples from patients from the Botucatu and Jundiaí regions. These patients had confirmed PCM but, were non-reactive to the standard antigen, thus demonstrating an alternative for serological diagnosis in regions in which S1 and PS2 occur. We also emphasise that it is not advisable to use a single antigen preparation to diagnose PCM, a disease that is caused by highly diverse pathogens.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The aim of this study is to characterize the macrostructure and microstructure of Al - 1%Si alloy obtained in sand and metallic molds. Aluminium has good mechanical properties, but adding silicon, even in small quantities, can change the microstructure and improves mechanical behavior. Workpieces were castings in metallic and sand molds and one can see a difference in their cooling curve, macroscopic and microscopic structures. The sand mold casting has lower cooling rate and so its grains are larger. Due to the lower concentration of grain boundary, the hardness is lower compared to that found in metallic molds, which has smaller grains and a higher hardness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cooling rate and alloying elements affect the final microstructure of the workpiece

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The Numerical Cognition is influenced by biological, cognitive, educational, and cultural factors and entails the following systems: Number Sense (NS) represents the innate ability to recognize, compare, add, and subtract small quantities, without the need of counting; Number Production (NP) which includes reading, writing and counting numbers or objects; Number Comprehension (NC), i.e., the understanding the nature of the numerical symbols and their number, and the calculation (CA). The aims of the present study were to: i) assess theoretical constructs (NS, NC, NP and CA) in children from public schools from 1 st -to 6 th - grades; and ii) investigate their relationship with schooling and working memory. The sample included 162 children, both genders, of 7-to 12-years-old that studied in public school from 1 st -to 6 th -grades, which participated in the normative study of Zareki-R (Battery of neuropsychological tests for number processing and calculation in children, Revised; von Aster & Dellatolas, 2006). Children of 1 st and 2 nd grades demonstrated an inferior global score in NC, NP and CA. There were no genderrelated differences. The results indicated that the contribution of NS domain in Zareki-R performance is low in comparison to the other three domains, which are dependent on school-related arithmetic skills.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Cassava is an important staple food for human and animal feeding in Cuba. Despite its importance, there is little or nonexistent information to diagnose preferences and frequency of consumption of cassava in that country. In this sense, the present article characterizes the preferences and frequency of consumption of cassava in the municipalities of Plaza de la Revolución-La Habana province, El Salvador–Guantanamo province and San José de Las Lajas–Mayabeque province in Cuba. A survey was conducted through a questionnaire containing twelve closed and two open questions. The sample was determined based on the number of total population of each municipality considering 95% as confidence interval and 5% as error margin. The results were statistically analyzed by calculating the absolute and the relative frequencies of each question. It was observed that the acquisition of cassava in the municipalities of Plaza de la Revolución, El Salvador and San José de las Lajas in Cuba is done by purchase small quantities of fresh cassava for home consumption within one week, due to the extreme perishability of cassava, which limits consumers' ability to store fresh roots at home. The choice of cassava is made based on both skin colour (light brown) and pulp (white) and empirical knowledge about its ease of cooking, and that cassava is mostly consumed in boiled and fried forms up to four times a week in times where there is root market supply with the desirable culinary characteristics (cooking facility), that is, from September to December.