Visible and Near-Infrared Emission by Samarium(III)-Containing Ionic Liquid Mixtures

Highly luminescent anionic samarium(III) beta-diketonate and dipicolinate complexes were dissolved in the imidazolium ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C(6)mim][Tf2N]. The solubility of the complexes in the ionic liquid was ensured by a careful choice of the countercation of the samarium(III) complex. The samarium(III) complexes that were considered are [C(6)mim][SM(tta)(4)], where tta is 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate; [C(6)mim][Sm(nta)(4)], where nta is 2-naphthoyltrifluoroacetonate; [C(6)mim][Sm(hfa)(4)], where hfa is hexafluoroacetylacetonate; and [choline](3)-[Sm(dpa)(3)], where dpa is pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (dipicolinate) and [choline](+) is (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium. The crystal structures of the tetrakis samarium(III) P-diketonate complexes revealed a distorted square antiprismatic coordination for the samarium(III) ion in all three cases. Luminescence spectra were recorded for the samarium(III) complexes dissolved in the imidazolium ionic liquid as well as in a conventional solvent, that is, acetonitrile or water for the beta-diketonate and dipicolinate complexes, respectively. These experiments demonstrate that [C(6)mim][Tf2N] is a suitable spectroscopic solvent for studying samarium(III) luminescence. High-luminescence quantum yields were observed for the samarium(III) beta-diketonate complexes in solution.

Temperature-dependent reduction pathways of complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(N-R-imidazole)(1,10-phenanthroline)]+ (R = H, CH3)

Peculiar reduction pathways of the complexes fac-[Re(imH)(CO)3(phen)]+ and fac-[Re(imCH3)(CO)3(phen)]+ (imH = imidazole, imCH3 = N-methylimidazole and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been unravelled by performing combined cyclic voltammetric and in situ IR spectroelectrochemical experiments. In the temperature range of 293–233 K, the initial reduction of the phen ligand in [Re(imH)(CO)3(phen)]+ results in irreversible conversion of the imidazole ligand to 3-imidazolate by a rapid phen•−→ imH intramolecular electron transfer coupled with N H bond cleavage. This process is followed by second phen-localized 1e− reduction producing [ReI(3-im−)(CO)3(phen•−)]−, similar to the analogous 2,2'-bipyridine complex. In contrast to the bpy analogue, the stability of the phen•−-containing complexes is significantly affected by lowering the temperature. At 233 K, a secondary reaction occurs in both [Re(3-im−)(CO)3(phen•−)]− and [Re(imCH3)(CO)3(phen•−)]. The resulting products exhibit v(CO) wavenumbers indistinguishable from those of the parent phen•− complexes; however, their oxidation occurs at a considerably more positive electrode potential. It is proposed that these species are produced by a new C C bond formation between the C(2) site of 3-im− or imCH3 and the C(2) site of the phen•−ligand.

Evaluation of intramolecular energy transfer process in the lanthanide(III) bis- and tris-(TTA) complexes: Photoluminescent and triboluminescent behavior

This work reports the energy transfer mechanism process of [Eu(TTA)(2)(NO(3))(TPPO)(2)] (bis-TTA complex) and [Eu(TTA)(3)(TPPO)(2)] (tris-TTA complex) based on experimental and theoretical spectroscopic properties, where TTA = 2-thienoyltrifluoroacetone and TPPO = triphenylphosphine oxide. These complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy and thermogavimetric analysis. The theoretical complexes geometry data by using Sparkle model for the calculation of lanthanide complexes (SMLC) is in agreement with the crystalline structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The emission spectra for [Gd(TTA)(3)(TPPO)(2)] and [Gd(TTA)(2) (NO(3))(TPPO)(2)] complexes are associated to T -> S(0) transitions centered on coordinated TTA ligands. Experimental luminescent properties of the bis-TTA complex have been quantified through emission intensity parameters Omega(lambda)(lambda = 2 and 4), spontaneous emission rates (A(rad)), luminescence lifetime (tau), emission quantum efficiency (eta) and emission quantum yield (q), which were compared with those for tris-TTA complex. The experimental data showed that the intensity parameter value for bis-TTA complex is twice smaller than the one for tris-TTA complex, indicating the less polarizable chemical environment in the system containing nitrate ion. A good agreement between the theoretical and experimental quantum yields for both Eu(Ill) complexes was obtained. The triboluminescence (TL) of the [Eu(TTA)(2)(NO(3))(TPPO)(2)] complexes are discussed in terms of ligand-to-metal energy transfer. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal studies on solid state 3-methoxybenzoate of lighter trivalent lanthanides

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Foto e eletroluminescência de complexos de samário, európio e gadolínio trivalentes com a beta-dicetona tta e o fosfinóxido quelante dppmo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Multiple energy transfers in rare earth complex-doped SiO2 spheres

Silica spheres doped with Eu(TTFA)(3) and/or Sm(TTFA)(3) were synthesized by using the modified Stober method. The transmission electron microscope image reveals that the hybrid spheres have smooth surfaces and an average diameter of about 210 nm. Fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze the fluorescence properties of hybrid spheres. The results show that multiple energy transfer processes are simultaneously achieved in the same samples co-doped with Eu (TTFA)(3) and Sm(TTFA)(3), namely between the ligand and Eu3+ ion, the ligand and Sm3+ ion, and Sm3+ ion and Eu3+, ion. Energy transfer of Sm3+-> Eu3+, in the hybrid spheres leads to fluorescence enhancement of Eu3+ emission by approximately an order of magnitude. The lifetimes of the hybrid spheres were also measured.

由二酐的异构体合成的聚酰亚胺

聚酰亚胺是一类综合性能优异的重要耐热高分子材料，它在航空，航天工业，微电子工业等诸多领域获得了广泛的应用。异构的聚酰亚胺是近几年新兴起的结构材料之一，与传统结构的聚酰亚胺比较，具有更高的玻璃化温度，良好的溶解性能，低的熔融粘度，宽的加工窗口，和相当的机械性能和热稳定性，是一种较有发展前景的结构材料；同时异构的二酐单体又可以用来合成芳香环状聚酰亚胺，对这些十分稳定又具有很好溶解性能的环状齐聚体的研究还刚刚开始。为此，本论文主要就以下方面开展研究工作：1，以环己烯为原料，经六步，高收率地合成了PMDA的异构体，MPDA。发现MPDA在室温下同甲醇和苯胺的开环选择反应分别得到了不对称的酷化产物和对称的酞化产物，这种开环选择的差别可归结于在酞化反应过程中形成了环状氢键中间体。通过MPDA和苯胺的亚胺化反应研究，发现在DMAc中热环化得到单亚胺化合物和双亚胺化合物的混合物，而在对氯酚中热环化或者在DMAc中化学环化均只得到唯一双亚胺化合物。单晶X-Ray衍射证实了单亚胺化合物的结构。发现在DMAc中热环化时单亚胺化合物和双亚胺化合物可以相互转化，而在氮气或者真空高温条件下单亚胺化合物不能转化成双亚胺化合物，从而提出了反应机制，即少量DMAc中的水分可以影响生成单亚胺化合物。发现MPDA和ODA或者MDA聚合时有很大的生成环状聚酰亚胺的倾向，它们的环状性质由IR，MALDI-TOF-MS，和NMR所证实。发现环状聚酰胺酸放置时，不同的环之间可以发生转换，从而可以提高受热力学控制的环的收率。用溶剂萃取和重结晶的方法分离得到了环状聚酰亚胺二聚体，用单晶X-Ray衍射的方法表征了二聚体包容不同溶剂时的分子结构，从分子水平的角度研究了环状聚酞亚胺的结构和性能的关系。除了MPDA得到的聚酞亚胺有较高的g值外，异构体聚酰亚胺的其它性能如力学性能、热稳定性能、溶解度性能、形态结构性能等差别不大。2．以2，3-二甲基苯胺为原料，经四步，高收率地得到了3,3'-BTDA。发现螺双内酚在乙酸配中回流可以直接有效地转化成二配3,3'-BTDA，并提出了转化机制。单晶X-Ray衍射表明3,3'-BTDA和3,4'-BTDA都有非共平面的分子结构。通过研究异构的BTDA得到的聚酞亚胺，发现并表征了3,3'-BTDA和ODA聚合时有很大的生成环状聚酞亚胺的倾向。异构化BTDA得到的聚酞亚胺的Tg值规律：3,3'-BTDA＞3,4'-BTDA＞4,4'-BTDA；溶解性能规律：3,3'-BTDA＞3,4'-BTDA＞4,4'-BTDAA；融体粘度规律：3,3'-BTDA＞4,4'-BTDAA3,4'-BTDA；热机械性能规律：4,4'-BTDA澎3,4'-BTDA＞3,3'-BTDA。可以看出3,4'-BTDAA得到的聚酰亚胺既有良好的加工性能，又能保持材料的热机械性能。由DSC测得的异构模型化合物的Tm，△Hm，和△Sm数据可以有效地解释异构聚酰亚胺的Tg规律。3．合成了cis-1,2,3,4-CHDA，发现在一定条件下可以转化成它的异构体trans-1,2,3,4-CHDA，1HNMR直接跟踪热异构化反应的进程，并提出了转化机制。单晶X-Ray衍射确定了两个二配异构体的绝对构型。发现在用trans-1,2,3,4-CHDA制备聚酞亚胺时无论用两步法或者一步法，均能很容易地得到高分子量的聚合物。而它的异构体cig-1,2,3,4-CHDA在制备聚酞亚胺时，由于形成环状聚酞亚胺，用传统的方法得不到高分子量的聚合物，增加单体的浓度可以有效制得高分子量的聚合物。发现顺式聚合物的溶解性能比反式异构体的好，Tg值比相应反式异构体的高，其它如热氧化稳定性，机械性能，光学性能，异构体间没有明显的差别。但是，两个异构体都可以制得坚韧的透明薄膜。

Near-infrared luminescence from sol-gel materials doped with holmium(III) and thulium(III) complexes

A series of ternary Ln(tta)(3)L complexes (Ln = Ho, Tm; Htta = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone; L = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, or triphenyl phosphate oxide) and their corresponding sol-gel hybrid materials formed via the in situ synthesis process (designated as Ln-T-L gel) were reported. The complexes and the gels were studied in detail, which suggest the complexes have been successfully synthesized in the corresponding gels.

Efficient white organic light-emitting diodes using europium complex as the red unit

Efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) using europium complex as the red unit are presented. The WOLEDs were fabricated by using the structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N, N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/4,4-N, N-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP) : bis(2,4-diphenylquinolyl-N, C-2) iridium (acetylacetonate) ((PPQ)(2)Ir(acac)) : Eu (III) tris(thenoyltrifluoroacetone) 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Eu(TTA)(3)(Tmphen))/NPB/2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) : p-bis (p-N, N-di-phenyl-aminostyryl)benzene (DSA-Ph)/9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3)/LiF/Al.

Synthesis, characterization, and near-infrared luminescent properties of the ternary thulium complex covalently bonded to mesoporous MCM-41

The crystal structure of a ternary Tm(DBM)(3)phen complex (DBM - dibenzoylmethane; phen = 1. 10-phenanthroline) and the synthesis of hybrid mesoporous material in which the complex covalently bonded to mesoporous MCM-41 are reported. Crystal data: Tm(DBM)(3)phen C59H47N2O7Tm, monoclinic P21/c, a = 19.3216(12) A, b = 10.6691(7) A, c = 23.0165(15)A, alpha = 90, beta = 91.6330(10), gamma = 90, V = 4742.8(5) A(3), Z = 4. The properties of the Tm(DBM)(3)phen complex and the corresponding hybrid mesoporous material [Tm(DBM)(3)phen-MCM-41] have been studied. The results reveal that the Tm(DBM)(3)phen complex is successfully covalently bonded to MCM-41.

Improved efficiency by doping blue iridium (III) complex in europium complex-based light-emitting diodes

We demonstrated high-efficiency red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing a europium complex, Eu (III) tris( thenoyltrifluoroacetone) 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Eu(TTA)(3)(Tmphen)), as an emitter and a blue electrophosphorescent complex, Iridium ( III) bis[4,6-di-fluorophenyl-pyridinato-N,C-2] picolinate (FIrpic), as an assistant dopant codoped into 4,4-N, N-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) host as an emissive layer. A pure red electroluminescence (EL) only from Eu3+ ions at 612 nm with a full width at half maximum of 3 nm was observed and the EL efficiency was significantly enhanced. The maximum EL efficiency reached 7.9 cd A(-1) at 0.01 mA cm(-2) current density, which is enhanced by 2.8 times compared with electrophosphorescence-undoped devices. The large improvements are attributed to energy transfer assistance effects of FIrpic, indicating a promising method for obtaining efficient red OLEDs based on rare-earth complexes.

Efficient red organic light-emitting diodes based on a dinuclear europium complex

Pure red organic light-emitting diodes based on a dinuclear europium complex with a structure of (TTA)(3)Eu(PYO)(2)Eu(TTA)3 (TTA = thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, PYO = pyridine N-oxide) were presented. The devices showed pure red emission at a peak wavelength of 612 nm with a full width at half maximum of 3 nm, which is a characteristic emission from Eu3+ ion based on D-5(0) -> F-7(2) transition. The maximum brightness and electroluminescent (EL) efficiency reached 340 cd/m(2) at a driving voltage of 19 V and 2.4 cd/A (0.78 lm/W) at a current density of 0.14 mA/cm(2), respectively.

An efficient electroluminescent (2,2 '-bipyridine mono N-oxide) europium(III) beta-diketonate complex

The multi-layered electroluminescent device consisting of Eu(TTA)(3)(2,2'-bipyridine mono N-oxide) (TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) as the red dopant exhibited an impressive current and power efficiency at a brightness of 100 cd m(-2) and voltage-independent spectral stability.

Triboluminescence of a new europate complex

A new europium (III) complex Eu(HFNH)(3)Phen (HFNH: 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl) hexane-1,3-dione; phen: 1, 10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and its triboltuninescent phenomenon was observed. Photoluminescence and triboluminescence spectra were successfully determined. The most intense triboluminescent emission originates front the transition of the, central Eu3+ ion from D-5(0) level to F-7(2) level. The triboluminescent spectrum is basically similar to that of photoluminescence, which correlates with the disorders of F atoms.

Electrolummescence from (5)Do -> F-7(J) and D-5(1) -> F-7(J) (J=0-4) transitions with a europium complex as emitter

Electroluminescence (EL) devices with Eu(HTH)(3)phen [HTH: 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-hexanedione, phen: I 10-phenanthroline] as an emissive centre were fabricated using vacuum evaporation. In addition to the Eu3+ 5D0 --> F-7(J) (J = 0-4) lines that were visible in the photoluminescence signal, the device also showed strong emission from the D-5(1) --> F-7(J) (J = 0-4) transitions. The enhanced emission from the D-5(1) F-7(J) (J = 0-4) transitions was attributed to the increased excitation intensity in the EL device. The luminescence lifetimes of the 5 D, and 5 Do levels were measured to be 0.6 mus and 866 mus, respectively.