Validation of novel 3-dimensional electrocardiographic mapping of atrial tachycardias by invasive mapping and ablation: a multicenter study

OBJECTIVES This study prospectively evaluated the role of a novel 3-dimensional, noninvasive, beat-by-beat mapping system, Electrocardiographic Mapping (ECM), in facilitating the diagnosis of atrial tachycardias (AT). BACKGROUND Conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram, a widely used noninvasive tool in clinical arrhythmia practice, has diagnostic limitations. METHODS Various AT (de novo and post-atrial fibrillation ablation) were mapped using ECM followed by standard-of-care electrophysiological mapping and ablation in 52 patients. The ECM consisted of recording body surface electrograms from a 252-electrode-vest placed on the torso combined with computed tomography-scan-based biatrial anatomy (CardioInsight Inc., Cleveland, Ohio). We evaluated the feasibility of this system in defining the mechanism of AT-macro-re-entrant (perimitral, cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent, and roof-dependent circuits) versus centrifugal (focal-source) activation-and the location of arrhythmia in centrifugal AT. The accuracy of the noninvasive diagnosis and detection of ablation targets was evaluated vis-à-vis subsequent invasive mapping and successful ablation. RESULTS Comparison between ECM and electrophysiological diagnosis could be accomplished in 48 patients (48 AT) but was not possible in 4 patients where the AT mechanism changed to another AT (n = 1), atrial fibrillation (n = 1), or sinus rhythm (n = 2) during the electrophysiological procedure. ECM correctly diagnosed AT mechanisms in 44 of 48 (92%) AT: macro-re-entry in 23 of 27; and focal-onset with centrifugal activation in 21 of 21. The region of interest for focal AT perfectly matched in 21 of 21 (100%) AT. The 2:1 ventricular conduction and low-amplitude P waves challenged the diagnosis of 4 of 27 macro-re-entrant (perimitral) AT that can be overcome by injecting atrioventricular node blockers and signal averaging, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This prospective multicenter series shows a high success rate of ECM in accurately diagnosing the mechanism of AT and the location of focal arrhythmia. Intraprocedural use of the system and its application to atrial fibrillation mapping is under way.

On the correctness and efficiency of independent and-parallelism in logic programs

This paper presents and proves some fundamental results for independent and-parallelism (IAP). First, the paper treats the issues of correctness and efficiency: after defining strict and non-strict goal independence, it is proved that if strictly independent goals are executed in parallel the solutions obtained are the same as those produced by standard sequential execution. It is also shown that, in the absence of failure, the parallel proof procedure doesn't genérate any additional work (with respect to standard SLDresolution) while the actual execution time is reduced. The same results hold even if non-strictly independent goals are executed in parallel, provided a trivial rewriting of such goals is performed. In addition, and most importantly, treats the issue of compile-time generation of IAP by proposing conditions, to be written at compile-time, to efficiently check strict and non-strict goal independence at run-time and proving the sufficiency of such conditions. It is also shown how simpler conditions can be constructed if some information regarding the binding context of the goals to be executed in parallel is available to the compiler trough either local or program-level analysis. These results therefore provide a formal basis for the automatic compile-time generation of IAP. As a corollary of such results, the paper also proves that negative goals are always non-strictly independent, and that goals which share a first occurrence of an existential variable are never independent.

Determination of variable dependence information through abstract interpretation

Traditional schemes for abstract interpretation-based global analysis of logic programs generally focus on obtaining procedure argument mode and type information. Variable sharing information is often given only the attention needed to preserve the correctness of the analysis. However, such sharing information can be very useful. In particular, it can be used for predicting run-time goal independence, which can eliminate costly run-time checks in and-parallel execution. In this paper, a new algorithm for doing abstract interpretation in logic programs is described which infers the dependencies of the terms bound to program variables with increased precisión and at all points in the execution of the program, rather than just at a procedure level. Algorithms are presented for computing abstract entry and success substitutions which extensively keep track of variable aliasing and term dependence information. The algorithms are illustrated with examples.

Faye Tull Carter

Faye Tull Carter obtained a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Home Economics from Lincoln University in 1938. She also received a graduate degree from Teacher’s College, Columbia University in New York. After graduation, Carter accepted the position as Library Assistant at Lincoln University Laboratory School. Upon receiving a Master’s degree in Library Science (MLS) from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, Carter was appointed the Librarian at Lincoln University Laboratory High School. She was later transferred to the University library, Inman E. Page Library, where she remained until her retirement in 1989. During her years of service, Carter was promoted to the level of Assistant Professor. She taught courses in Library Science and Children’s Literature. Carter’s duties at Inman E. Page Library included creating displays, arranging picture collections and organizing the research material for teachers and students in the Education Department. She also established the Children and Young Adult Literature Collection.

Publications.

Some issues are also called Collections, and consist of monographic titles.

Landscape construction notes : estimates /

Cover title.

Annual report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Constitution of the Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers' International Union ...

Description based on: 1899.

Building code : Title X : reinforced concrete construction : revised December 13, 1911.

Mode of access: Internet.

Der Goldne Wegweiser : ein Fuhrer zu Gluck und Wohlstand.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Central High School annual /

Published as supplementary or commencement number of the Central High School monthly; lacks title page.