Mechanical and durability properties of concretes containing recycled lime powder and recycled aggregates

According to a recent report by the European Commission, within the European Union, the construction and demolition wastes come to at least 450 million tons per year. Roughly 75% of the waste is disposed to landfill, despite its major recycling potential. The bulk constituents of demolition debris are concrete (50-55%) and masonry (30-40%) with only small percentages of other materials such as metals, glass and timber. In Cyprus, at present, recycling of waste materials is practically inexistent and almost the entire demolition waste products are disposed in landfill sites, with all possible economic, technical and environmental impacts. This research paper presents the evaluation and the effective reuse of waste construction materials, such as recycled lime powder (RLP) and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), disposed to landfill sites in Cyprus, due to the lack of a lucid recycling policy and knowledge. Results show that both RLP and RCA have the potential to produce good quality and robust concrete mixtures both in terms of mechanical and durability performance. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biofunctionalization of PET/SiO2 surfaces for single molecule experiments and medical applications

PET/SiO2 layers were chemically modified to maintain immobilization of functional single molecules. GFP molecules provide an ideal system due to their stability and intrinsic fluorescence. GFP in vivo biotinylated within its NH2-terminal region and attached on the substrate via the biotinstreptavidin bond was further investigated with confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). AFM revealed monolayered donut-like structures representing assemblies of biotinstreptavidinbiotinGFP immobilized onto PET/SiO2 surfaces via mPEG. In particular, regions with an approximate height of 12 nm, which approaches the molecular dimensions of the above complex given by molecular modeling, could be detected. The dimensions of the donut-like structures suggest a close-to-each-other positioning of the GFP molecules - which, however, retain their functionality, as evidenced by confocal microscopy. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company.

PET的结晶动态力学性能及成核剂的研究

利用DDV-II-EA型全自动粘弹谱仪考察了不同PET样品等温和升温过程中动态力学量的变化。得到了等温结晶过程中PET复合模量随时间变化的定量表达式，即在结晶诱导期内复合模量随时间缓慢而线性增长；主结晶期内，复合模量的对数随时间的变化符合Avrami方程；次级结晶期内。复合模量随时间对数而线性增长。对等速升温过程，非晶样品的结晶和玻璃化转变都将引起复合模量的急剧变化，并形成损耗模时峰。但在结晶过程中得合模量由小变大，由耗因子峰tanδmax出现于损耗模量峰E''_(max)之前，损耗模量峰高度随频率升高而显升高，而峰出现的温度与频率无关；这与玻璃化转变出现时复合损耗与损耗模量的变化相反。利用玻璃化转变损耗随结晶度和频率变化的关系及大分子运动模型对上述结果做了定性说明。考察了动态力学方法在表征样品冷结晶能力、获取结晶动力学参数及研究结晶诱导期和次级结晶过程中聚合物状态变化方面的作用；通过与PET结晶过程中介电参量变化的对比，推得介电常数随模量的对数或结晶度的增加而线性减小。利用DSC及线膨胀方法，考察了多种添加剂对PET结晶能力的影响，从中选择了几种代表不同种类并对PET结晶具有明显促进作用的添加剂加入PET，对其多项性能进行了考察。结果表明，苯甲酸钠、硬脂酸钠、氢氧化铝对PET冷结晶和熔体结晶能力自有很强的促进作用，并使结晶含量有所提高，但它们使PET分子明显降解，生成小分子量的组分，对非晶PET起增塑作用或直接引发结晶；滑石粉、二氧化硅、碳酸钙对PET熔体结晶有明显的促进作用，对PET热膨胀性质、动态力学性质及介电性质不产生明显影响，也不降低PET分子量，但对冷结晶只有较弱的促进作用；5-10wt%的增塑剂能明显提高PET冷结晶能力，但基本不影响PET熔体结晶能力，并使PET软化温度降低，热膨胀系数变大；添加剂含量增加，能使PET结晶能力增强。但对大部分添加剂，含量在0.5-wt%之内时，这种变化很明显，含量大于1-wt%时，变化很小。总含量一定时，双组份添加剂对PET结晶的促进作用基本上介于二单组份之间。添加剂的加入，还有使PET结晶有序性增加的趋势，使非晶样品活化能增大。对上述变化的部分机理进行了探讨。

Micro-PET探测器单元的研究

为了发展一种快速、准确、方便、低廉的医用肿瘤诊断设备——微型正电子断层扫描仪(Micro-PET),我们对它的探测单元进行了一系列实验研究。本文描述了探测单元的结构、信号读出网络、电子学及获取系统。整个探测系统的空间位置分辨达到1.02mm。H8500光电倍增管64路阳极输出响应最大值和最小值之比为3.1,说明它的阳极输出响应具有较好的一致性。

γ射线和PET用晶体单元相互作用特性的研究

γ射线与晶体单元的相互作用特性对于PET探测器的研制有着重要的参考意义. 通过实验测得了不同能量的γ射线在BGO, CsI, NaI3种闪烁晶体中的探测效率、能量分辨率等相互作用特性参数, 并与蒙特卡洛模拟结果进行了比较. 结果给出了最适合PET探测器的晶体单元.

用于HIRFL重离子治癌的PET成像实验研究与蒙特卡罗模拟

为了HIRFL重离子治癌的需要 ,使用两个位置灵敏闪烁体探测器组成了一个简单的PET成像系统 .对PET成像进行了实验研究 ,实验测量得到了物体成像以及γ射线能谱 ,对于 5 11keV全能峰处的能量分辨率为 18 6 % ,峰总比为 5 2 4 % .采用GEANT3程序对该系统进行了模拟计算 ,并与实验进行比较 ,最后对该系统进行了优化设计

22MeV/u的Fe离子在PET膜中引起的辐照效应研究

用能量为22MeV/u的Fe离子在室温和真空条件下辐照了多层堆叠的半晶质聚酯膜,采用傅里叶转换红外吸收光谱、紫外/可见吸收光谱和X射线衍射技术分析测量了辐照后聚酯膜的微观结构所发生的变化,详细研究了分子结构的变化和非晶化转变与离子剂量、离子在样品中的平均电子能损以及吸收剂量的依赖关系.分析结果表明:辐照导致化学键的断裂、新化学键的形成和非晶化转变.非晶化效应和化学键的断裂随离子剂量和电子能损的增加而增大,但变化的总量仅依赖于总的吸收剂量,表明在所涉及的能损范围里,辐照产生的变化与辐照离子的种类和能量没有直接的关系,而只决定于材料对辐照离子能量的吸收程度.