Reflections on onset-rime and phoneme sensitivity as predictors of beginning word reading

Rival claims have been made concerning the importance of rime sensitivity as a predictor of early word reading skill. Hulme et al. (2002) suggested that phoneme sensitivity is more strongly predictive of word reading ability than is onset-rime sensitivity. An examination of two independent data sets suggests that, although onset-rime sensitivity typically predicts school entrants' later word reading skill, phoneme sensitivity does predict more variation. However, multiple regression analyses do not reveal the level of phonological sensitivity that children need in order to understand alphabetic reading instruction. This issue is crucial to the detection of children at risk for reading failure and for the design of intervention programs for these children. A different analytic strategy is described for addressing this issue. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

Does a reading lexicon provide orthographic representations for spelling?

University students spelled low-frequency words to dictation and subsequently made lexical decisions to them. In Experiment I, lexical decisions were slower on words students had spelled incorrectly relative to words they had spelled correctly, and there A as a larger repetition benefit 101 incorrectly spelled words. In experiment 2, the latency advantage for items spelled correctly was replicated when words were presented for only 200 ms and also in a spelling recognition task, In Experiment 3. masked identity and form priming effects were similar for words that had been spelled correctly and incorrectly, Item spelling accuracy tracked word frequency effects in the way chat it combined with repetition and priming effects. we inter that an individuals learning with a word's orthography underlies word frequency and item spelling accuracy effects and that a single orthographic lexicon serves visual word recognition and spelling. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science (USA).

Distributional profiles of homologous open reading frames among bacterial phyla: implications for vertical and lateral transmission

If open reading frames (ORFs) have been transmitted primarily by vertical descent, the distributional profile of orthologues of each ORF should be congruent with the organismal tree or a subtree thereof. Distributional patterns not reconciled parsimoniously with tree-like descent and loss are prima facie evidence of lateral gene transfer. Herein, a rigorous criterion for recognizing ORF distributions is described and implemented; it does not require the inference of phylogenetic trees, nor does it assume any specific tree. Because lineage-specific differences in rates of sequence change can also generate unexpected distributional patterns, rate artefacts, were controlled for by requiring pairwise matches between ORFs to exceed a rigorous inclusion threshold, but absence of a match was assessed against a more-permissive exclusion threshold. Applying this dual-threshold criterion to cross-domain and cross-phylum distributional patterns for ORFs in 23 bacterial genomes, a relative abundance of ORFs was observed that find a match in exactly seven other bacterial phyla; 94-99% of these ORFs also find matches among the Archaea and/or Eukarya. In the larger (and some smaller) bacterial genomes, ORFs that find matches in exactly one other bacterial phylum are also relatively abundant, but fewer of these have non-bacterial homologues; most of their matches within the Bacteria are to the Proteobacteria and/or Firmicutes, which cannot be sister lineages to all bacteria. ORFs that are neither distributed universally among the Bacteria, nor necessarily shared with topologically adjacent lineages, are preferentially enriched in large bacterial genomes.

Práticas docentes de leitura e escrita no quarto e quinto anos do Ensino Fundamental, em escolas públicas do município de Vitória (ES)

A presente pesquisa, desenvolvida na linha Cultura, Currículo e Formação de Educadores, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, tem como objetivo investigar práticas docentes consideradas pelas professoras do 4º e 5º anos do EF como promotoras de leitura e escrita em escolas do Sistema Municipal de Educação Vitória(ES). Apoiamo-nos, para isso, na base teórica da perspectiva histórico-cultural a partir de Bakhtin (2003, 2010); Freitas (2007, 2012) e Fichtner (2012). Levamos em consideração os conceitos de sujeito, linguagem e texto desenvolvidos por Bakhtin (2003, 2010); de educação e dialogicidade em Freire (1967, 1987, 1997, 2010); e de parceria em Foerste (2005); dentre outros, no sentido de buscar respostas para as perguntas: que práticas docentes estão sendo consideradas pelas professoras desses dois anos de escolarização como promotoras de leitura e escrita? Que políticas têm promovido tais práticas? Quem são os beneficiados/prejudicados por tais formas de ensinar? A pesquisa se deu por meio de um estudo de caso realizado durante o ano letivo de 2013 com docentes que atuam junto às turmas em questão, em duas escolas do EF. Utilizamos como procedimentos para a produção de dados a observação participante, o questionário, a entrevista, o acompanhamento de atividades desenvolvidas nos cadernos de alunos e a análise documental. A análise dos dados foi organizada a partir das categorias sujeito, linguagem e texto. Os resultados evidenciam que, conforme a concepção bakhtiniana de linguagem e a freireana de educação, as práticas docentes observadas ainda não sinalizam a promoção da leitura e da escrita junto aos alunos do 4º e 5º anos EF, sendo necessário para isso que se repensem as políticas públicas, em especial as voltadas para a formação de professores, com o intuito de beneficiar os estudantes oferecendo-lhes uma formação que lhes permita ter a consciência de que o centro de gravidade da linguagem não reside nas normas, mas na significação que essa forma adquire no contexto, na interação com outros sujeitos.

Preponderância do feminino na obra literária: The golden notebook: a análise como exercício de pré-tradução

Curso de Mestrado em Tradução e Interpretação Especializada Orientadora: Mestre Paula Almeida

Binocular vision and reading ability in a Portuguese population of school age children

Preventable visual loss caused by amblyopia (2 to 4%) and its risk factors such as strabismus (3%) and uncorrected refractive errors (5 to 7%) represent an important public health problem. Children with binocular vision anomalies could be at disadvantage in reading and writing. Objectives: (1) Describe binocular vision measures in children of school age; and (2) Describe the impact of abnormal binocular vision on reading ability (reading errors and reading speed).

Disruption and phenotypic analysis of six open reading frames from chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals one essential gene

Six open reading frames (ORFs) located on chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YGR205w, YGR210c, YGR211w, YGR241c, YGR243w and YGR244c) were disrupted in two different genetic backgrounds using short-flanking homology (SFH) gene replacement. Sporulation and tetrad analysis showed that YGR211w, recently identified as the yeast ZPR1 gene, is an essential gene. The other five genes are non-essential, and no phenotypes could be associated to their inactivation. Two of these genes have recently been further characterized: YGR241c (YAP1802) encodes a yeast adaptor protein and YGR244c (LSC2) encodes the b-subunit of the succinyl-CoA ligase. For each ORF, a replacement cassette with long flanking regions homologous to the target locus was cloned in pUG7, and the cognate wild-type gene was cloned in pRS416.