Duty of police and ambulance services : what happens when the plaintiff refuses treatment?

In a recent case the New South Wales Court of Appeal considered the duty of care owed by ambulance and police officers, issues concerning breach and causation and the practical effect of the exclusion of the plaintiff's evidence.

A quasi-likelihood approach for ordered categorical data with overdispersion

Quasi-likelihood (QL) methods are often used to account for overdispersion in categorical data. This paper proposes a new way of constructing a QL function that stems from the conditional mean-variance relationship. Unlike traditional QL approaches to categorical data, this QL function is, in general, not a scaled version of the ordinary log-likelihood function. A simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of the proposed QL method. Fish mortality data from quantal response experiments are used for illustration.

Effects of heat-treatment processes on the electroless Ni-B coating and its natural aging mechanism

A Ni-B coating was prepared with EN using potassium borohydride reducing agent. The as-plated micro-structure of the coating was confirmed from XRD to be a mixture of amorphous and supersaturated solid solution. Three kinds of phase transformation were observed from the DSC curve. Different from the previous works, the formation of Ni4B3 and Ni2B was found during some transformation processes. The key factors which influence the variation of micro-hardness and micro-structure in deposits are the formation, the size and amount of Ni3B, Ni4B3 and Ni2B. Aging of the deposits treated under some heat treatment conditions occurred at room temperature. Changes of the micro-hardness indicated aging phenomena evidently. the natural aging phenomena are concerned with various kinds of decomposition of borides, especially with Ni4B3 phase. The extent of natural aging depends on the formation and the quantity of Ni(4)B3 and Ni2B.

Ichthyological ecoregions of Argentina

The Argentine Republic is situated in the southernmost portion of the American continent, occupying over 2,785,600 km2 not including the Antarctic territory. The country ranges from subtropical areas (21º46’S) to subantarctic regions (55º03’S), extending latitudinally over about 4,000 km. It possesses significant latitudinal and altitudinal variation (33º of latitudinal range, and heights from Bajo de San Julián in Santa Cruz province at 105 m below sea level, up to Mt. Aconcagua, 6,959 m over sea level), as well as two gradients of physical variability, extending in north-south and east-west directions. Owing to these features, the country presents a wide range of climates and soil types, being one of the countries with greatest diversity of biogeographical units (Lean et al., 1990, In: Bertonatti & Corcuera, 2000). There are four main hydrographic systems: Río de la Plata basin, the Atlantic and Pacific drainages, and several endorrheic systems. Within these basins, the ichthyofaunistic assemblage is well represented, with different magnitude in accordance with the different taxonomic groupings and regions considered. From an ichthyogeographic standpoint, and according to the works of Ringuelet (1975) and Arratia et al. (1983), Argentina is included in the Brasilic and Austral Subregions. The first of these is represented by two domains: the Andean Domain, comprising the southernmost portion of Titicaca Province, and the Paranensean Domain, including part of Alto Paraná and Paranoplatensean Provinces. The Austral Subregion is represented in Argentina by the Subandean-Cuyan and Patagonian Provinces. The present survey indicates that there are about 441 fish species in Argentina, distributed throughout the country; this number represents less than 10% of the total fish species occurring in the Neotropical Region. There is a recognizable trend of faunal impoverishment, both in North-South and East-West direction, reaching its maximum expression in the provinces of Tierra del Fuego (situated at approximately 52º30’S to 55ºS, and 65ºS to 68º50’W) and San Juan (approximately 28º50’S and 67ºW to 70º45’W), which have 4 and 5 fish species respectively. In north-south direction, one of the regional indicators of this phenomenon is the Salado river basin in Buenos Aires province, which constitutes the southern distributional boundary for the majority of the paranoplatensean ichthyofauna; 12 of the families occurring in the Paraná-Plata system are absent from this pauperized paranensean ichthyofaunal assemblage. Most of the continental fish fauna of Argentina belongs to the primary division of Myers (1949), while some elements are included in the secondary division and others in an amphibiotic or ‘marine penetration’ category. This ichthyofaunistic scope encompasses a wide range of morphological, biological, ecological and ethological types (benthic and pelagic, migrating and sedentary, haematophagous or parasites, annual species, inhabitants of plains or heights, estivation-adapted, etc.) inhabiting different regions within the national territory.

Documentos Históricos - I. Actos generados por la FCNyM, UNLP.

La historia de las instituciones está construida por una serie de hechos y determinaciones de sus protagonistas. En algunos casos, estos momentos son registrados en documentos dispersos, mientras que una gran mayoría están sumergidos en el tiempo con la amenaza de no poder rescatarlos. Esta situación, entre otras cosas, impide a las generaciones futuras la comprensión del pasado, ya que no cuentan con los elementos básicos para analizar y entender los hechos originados por las mujeres y hombres que conformaron dicha historia. En este documento el Programa para el estudio y uso sustentable de la biota austral (ProBiota) reúne en cinco capítulos una serie de hechos y documentos que son parte del patrimonio histórico de nuestro país. I - Actos realizados en la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM, UNLP) generados por la División Zoología Vertebrados y el Instituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet”. II - Semblanzas de algunos limnólogos argentinos. III - Reseñas de instituciones y escritos referidos a aspectos históricos de la limnología en nuestro país. IV - Sociedades y eventos relacionados a esta disciplina. V - Obras, documentos y revistas. Los documentos publicados son citados formalmente, mientras que las alocuciones se presentan con su título y el nombre del autor al final. Esta modesta contribución tiene como objetivo ser el inicio de sucesivas recopilaciones que confluyan en un documento exhaustivo y profundo de la rica historia de las ciencias naturales en la Argentina.

Phylogeography and non-invasive landscape genetics of the European pine marten ("martes martes" L. 1758) : insights into ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation

283 p. : graf., map.

Influence of the northeastern Atlantic oceano-meteorological variability on the northern hake ("merluccius merluccius"). Analysis of the 1978-2006 period

316 p. : il., graf., map.

Bibliografía de los peces de agua dulce de la Argentina Suplemento 1996-2002.

Between 1981 and 1995, we published five bibliographic lists (López et al., 1981, 1982,1987, 1989 y 1995) that included the publications referred to Argentine freshwater fishes and related general information published since Ringuelet et al. (1967). We included Uruguayan papers until 1989, when it became apparent that our access to those materials was not complete. Other bibliographic collections were published on several subjects (López et al., 1991, 1993, y Ferriz et al., 1998). In the foreword to the 1995 list, López stated that it was difficult to assess the actual usefulness of the lists, since they were seldom quoted in research papers. This consideration, along with the wide success of electronic databases, caused us to discontinue the series, since its only goal had been to increase the knowledge and access to local research papers and foreign publications of interest to local researchers. Regrettably, our experience indicates that access to scientific literature is still, if not difficult, somewhat arbitrary. Apart from that, the continuous work on diverse research lines at División Zoología Vertebrados of Museo de La Plata leads to the accumulation of a multiplicity of information which may be sorted out for the use of others without much difficulty. At present, electronically-supported databases appear as the simplest way to do this. The future will show if this method is more efficient than the preceding one. In this issue we have included papers published between 1996 and 2002; and it is our purpose to update the list on a yearly basis. Papers included cover Argentine fish fauna and some related subjects of more general interest. Naturally, it is hardly surprising that some involuntary omissions will occur when addressing this subject. Any corrections and/or additions will be incorporated in following versions; and all information is most welcome.

Resúmenes de Conferencias

La Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, a través de la División Zoología Vertebrados, el Programa para el Estudio y Uso Sustentable de la Biota Austral (ProBiota) y las cátedras de Biogeografía e Ictiología, convoca al I Simposio Ictiología de la Argentina: Biodiversidad y Biogeografía que tiene como eje central el tratamiento de un tema de gran importancia e interés en el campo de la Zoología. (PDF tiene 25 paginas.)

Resúmenes de Conferencias y Mesas

La División de Zoología de Vertebrados de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata y la Secretaria de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación a través de su Proyecto Marino Patagónico, han tomado esta responsabilidad con el convencimiento de la necesidad de contar con nuevos escenarios para el encuentro de profesionales de la especialidad. El intercambio de experiencias desde las distintas especialidades, el reconocimiento de las fortalezas y debilidades para el desarrollo de proyectos, el intercambio de ideas sobre los vacíos de información y la disponibilidad de recursos financieros, constituyen algunos de los elementos esenciales para el fortalecimiento de la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico nacional y regional. (PDF tiene 28 paginas.)

Contribución al conocimiento del Tachysurus barbus (Lacépède), bagre del Mar Argentino (Pisces, Ariidae).

A las costas bonaerenses llega en en verano ese típico representante de la fauna sudbrasileña, cuyo estudio consideramos de interés por ser el único bagre que en cierta cantidad suele ser capturado en Mar del Plata y Necochea cuando se realiza la pesca de especies de interés comercial. Damos la sinonimia, descripción y distribución de la especie y, como contribución a su conocimiento, el estudio anatómico del aparato digestivo.

Sobre los peces del territorio de Río Negro.

Breve excursión en 1936 por tercera vez a la zona del río Negro correspondiente a Viedma para efectuar nuevos estudios sobre lampreas y larvas, coleccionar peces propios del río, de la desembocadura y marinos, y aumentar los datos de ecología de la región.