The Wars of the Roses and Henry VII : Britain 1450-1509.

Su contenido se adapta a los temas de las especificaciones AS y A. Examina los orígenes, la naturaleza y el impacto de la lucha dinástica entre las facciones nobles agrupadas en torno a las casas reales de York y Lancaster entre 1450-1509 y el cambio político y los conflictos generados. También, analiza en profundidad el reinado de Enrique VI y el principio de la guerra, las dos etapas del reinado de Eduardo IV, el fin de la contienda con Ricardo III y la llegada al trono de los Tudor con Enrique VII.

Small wars in the age of Clausewitz: the watershed between partisan war and people's war

Around the time of Clausewitz’s writing, a new element was introduced into partisan warfare: ideology. Previously, under the ancien régime, partisans were what today we would call special forces, light infantry or cavalry, almost always mercenaries, carrying out special operations, while the main action in war took place between regular armies. Clausewitz lectured his students on such ‘small wars’. In the American War of Independence and the resistance against Napoleon and his allies, operations carried out by such partisans merged with counter-revolutionary, nationalist insurgencies, but these Clausewitz analysed in a distinct category, ‘people's war’. Small wars, people's war, etc. should thus not be thought of as monopoly of either the political Right or the Left.