Young people and urban public space in Australia-creating pathways to community, belonging and inclusion

Cities and urban spaces around the world are changing rapidly from their origins in the industrialising world to a post-industrial, hard wired surveillance landscape. This kind of monitoring and surveillance connects with attempts by civic authorities to rebrand urban public spaces into governable and predictable arenas of consumption. In this context of control, a number of groups are excluded from public space, such as some children and young people. This article discusses the surveillance, governance and control of public space environments used by children and young people in particular, and the capacity for their ongoing displacement and marginality, as well as possible greater inclusion.

Urban growth and development of contemporary neighbourhood public space in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Rapid and unplanned growth of Kathmandu Valley towns over the past decades has resulted in the haphazard development of new neighbourhoods with significant consequences on their public space. This paper examines the development of public space in the valley’s new neighbourhoods in the context of the current urban growth. A case study approach of three new neighbourhoods was developed to examine the provision of public space with data collected from site observations, interviews with neighbourhood residents and other secondary sources. The cases studies consist of both planned and unplanned new neighbourhoods. Findings reveal a severe loss of public space in the unplanned new neighbourhoods. In planned new neighbourhoods, the provision of public space remains poor in terms of physical features, and thus, does not support community activities and needs. Several factors, which are an outcome of the lack of proper urban growth initiatives and control measures, such as an overall drawback in the formation of new neighbourhoods, the poor capacity of local community-based organisations and the encroachment of public land are responsible for the present development of neighbourhood public space. The problems with ongoing management of public spaces are a significant issue in both unplanned and planned new neighbourhoods.

Meaning of public space and sense of community: The case of new neighbourhoods in the Kathmandu Valley

This paper examines the meaning of public space and sense of community among neighbourhood residents in the changing urban context of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. Two new neighbourhoods were selected for the purpose of this study with data collected from interviews with the residents. The study has found that most residents of the new neighbourhoods have an understanding of the significance of public space in community life. However, such understandings are based less on the actual use of public space. The existing public spaces in these neighbourhoods are less successful in offering a meaning to the residents, due to their poor development and the lack of active use. Despite these changes, some residents believe they have developed a sense of community, which is an outcome of other individual factors than the use of public space. It is argued that the role of contemporary neighbourhood public space in fostering a sense of community appears to be less significant in the valley’s present context.

Limits of Dissent, Perils of Activism: Spaces of Resistance and the New Security Logic

On 26 December 2003 an Israeli activist was shot by the Israeli Army while he was participating in a demonstration organized by Anarchists Against the Wall (AAtW) in the West Bank. This was the first time Israeli Soldiers have deliberately shot live bullets at a Jewish-Israeli activist. This paper is an attempt to understand the set of conditions, the enveloping frameworks, and the new discourses that have made this event, and similar shootings that soon followed, possible. Situating the actions of AAtW within a much wider context of securitization—of identities, movements, and bodies—we examine strategies of resistance which are deployed in highly securitized public spaces. We claim that an unexpected matrix of identity in which abnormality is configured as security threat render the bodies of activists especially precarious. The paper thus provides an account of the new rationales of security technologies and tactics which increasingly govern public spaces.

European urban spaces in crisis - the mapping of affective pracitices with Living with Difference: introduction

The introduction outlines the notion of urban space and crisis in Europe while taking into account the more recent protests and riots in different cities, in and beyond Europe. It is argued that the phenomen of protest is happening alongside the economic crisis underscoring an alternative political public civic spirit expressing to a certain degree the renaissance and timely making of, what might be called in the digital age, #œuvre. Its forces and emotional properties capture a political realm that unfolds as a globalized urban transnational public space, still progressing. Further, it introduces the collection of papers for the special themed feature. Five papers look at affective practices through a Continental European lens, which places the meaning of race, migration and intersecting identity angles at the centre of debates of individual encounters in public spaces. The final and sixth paper, written by Brenda Yeoh, looks through a Singapore/East Asia lens, and comments on the common European threats as well as on the historical specificity and implications of distinctive geo-political spaces for affective practices.

Expérience sonore des usagers dans l'espace public urbain: l'exemple du boulevard Saint-Laurent à Montréal.

La recherche sur le phénomène sonore, depuis les théorisations de Pierre Schaeffer entourant le concept de « l’objet sonore », a largement évolué nous permettant d’en saisir toute sa complexité. Poursuivant ce même dessein, nous proposons une approche compréhensive du phénomène sonore dans l’espace public urbain en nous penchant plus spécifiquement sur l’interprétation sonore des usagers empruntant les grandes rues commerciales de la ville et en l’occurrence, celles de Montréal. Au quotidien, le citadin déambule et chemine dans l’espace public en prenant conscience de son environnement à l’aide de ses sens. Outre l’aspect visuel, l’ensemble des autres sens sont, pour la plupart du temps, négligés par les designers de l’espace urbain. Il en résulte une conception du projet urbain relativement pauvre au niveau sonore. Dans ce mémoire, il sera question d’aborder le son sous l’angle de l’expérience subjective telle qu’elle est vécue par les usagers. L’objectif de nos travaux tend donc à approfondir la compréhension de l’expérience sonore de l’usager dans l’espace public urbain afin d’en intégrer les principes en amont du processus de conception. Les théories et méthodes issues du domaine de l’environnement sonore voient leur champ d’investigation élargi par l’anthropologie des sens. La richesse de cette approche permet de mieux saisir les multiples dimensions qui façonnent le vécu sonore des usagers. Le cadre de références puise également dans les pratiques artistiques. L’analyse de ces dernières fait émerger des dimensions utiles à la compréhension de l’expérience sonore. Cette expérimentation a été effectuée à l’aide de différentes méthodes de collecte de données permettant de recueillir un maximum de matière qualitative. Ainsi, des observations, des parcours d’écoute qualifiée, des parcours commentés et finalement des entretiens en profondeur ont été menés. Cette recherche a permis de mieux comprendre le dialogue existant entre le son, l’espace et l’usager en révélant les différentes dimensions de l’expérience sonore de la grande rue commerciale et notamment, celles entourant la culture des sens.

L'art public : les nouveaux modes d'expression artistique et le processus d'intégration en milieu urbain

L’art public se présente sous divers modes d’expression artistique dans l’espace public. Qu’il soit permanent, temporaire ou éphémère, qu’il soit singulier, interactif ou participatif, qu’il soit traditionnel ou numérique, l’œuvre intégrée ou insérée dans ce contexte tente d’interpeller le public. Cette recherche examine l’évolution des modes d’expression artistique dans l’espace public, dans l’espoir de trouver une définition de l’art public. L’étude de cas de la Ville de Montréal est la base de cette recherche pour examiner les nombreuses manifestations de l’art dans l’espace public et ses périmètres. Dans une perspective conceptuelle et transdisciplinaire, sous lesquels nous considérons les approches artistiques, paysagères et politiques dans l’analyse du sujet, nous nous intéressons aux frontières des modes d’expression artistique et les moyens de les représenter. En somme, nous souhaitons saisir ce que l’on considère comme l’art public dans l’aménagement urbain montréalais et générer des connaissances plus générales. Notre revue de littérature et les observations faites sur le terrain révèlent de nouveaux enjeux qui influencent les pratiques artistiques et la perception que peut susciter une œuvre d’art public aujourd’hui. Nous examinons les facteurs qui les influencent à ce jour. En étudiant la question, nous constatons que la tâche de définir ce qui constitue l'art public est difficile, d'autant plus que les pratiques évoluent constamment. Souvent définie comme une fonction plus cosmétique qu’artistique et dans une logique d'équipement, l'art dans l'espace public joue un rôle passif et fait l'objet de débats et de critiques. Pour le public, l'art public est difficile à discerner bien que sa présence semble être appréciée. Nos résultats mettent en lumière la complexité des processus politiques, les attentes spécifiques, les règles et modalités oppressantes pour l'artiste, la difficulté à saisir les œuvres d'art et le manque de médiatisation pour sensibiliser le public. Avec la politique d'intégration, l’art dans les espaces publics résulte souvent d'une médiation conflictuelle dans un rapport de compromis et d’attentes contrastées afin que soit réalisée une œuvre. Les résultats permettent de penser que les processus de sélection sont souvent pervers et fermés aux initiatives artistiques. En outre, il serait nécessaire dans ce contexte que les artistes définissent mieux leur statut professionnel et leur pratique. Malgré des efforts du Bureau d'art public de Montréal, l'art public semble peu perçu sur son territoire. Par ailleurs, les nombreuses discussions avec le grand public portent à l'attention l'absence de médiatisation pour les arts publics sur le territoire de Montréal.

Open urban spaces quality: A study in a historical square in Bath - UK

The quality of open urban spaces is very important for urban vitality. Nowadays urban designers have to face the great challenge of designing urban spaces able to respond to people's need for liveable spaces. The success of these spaces depends on various aspects and the microclimatic condition has been recognized as one of the most influential. However, studies on thermal comfort in open space have shown that the user's thermal sensation does not depend only on microclimate parameters but also on other local qualitative aspects. Thus, environmental quality evaluation of successful public spaces can contribute to understand this issue. This paper focuses on a case study regarding Queen Square's environmental quality, a public space of historical importance in Bath-UK. The first stage of the research, a study on local characteristics and people observations, allowed a preliminary evaluation of the space performance, their social aspects, while it characterized and quantified the hourly variation of the space use in different days and seasons. In the second stage, short microclimatic surveys were carried out simultaneously with a perception survey through a questionnaire. The results show the strong vitality of the square and socioenvironmental significance, not only for its location in the urban context, but also for its historical value. The environmental quality of the square contributes to the users' sensation of comfort even in adverse climatic conditions. This research is part of a project that aims to investigate the impact of the environmental stimuli in the use of open spaces and intend to develop design strategies that aim to maximise the use of open spaces in different weather conditions.

Disease and hygiene in the construction of a nation: The public sphere, public space, and the private domain in Buenos Aires, 1871–1910

The maturation of the public sphere in Argentina during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a critical element in the nation-building process and the overall development of the modern state. Within the context of this evolution, the discourse of disease generated intense debates that subsequently influenced policies that transformed the public spaces of Buenos Aires and facilitated state intervention within the private domains of the city’s inhabitants. Under the banner of hygiene and public health, municipal officials thus Europeanized the nation’s capital through the construction of parks and plazas and likewise utilized the press to garner support for the initiatives that would remedy the unsanitary conditions and practices of the city. Despite promises to the contrary, the improvements to the public spaces of Buenos Aires primarily benefited the porteño elite while the efforts to root out disease often targeted working-class neighborhoods. The model that reformed the public space of Buenos Aires, including its socially differentiated application of aesthetic order and public health policies, was ultimately employed throughout the Argentine Republic as the consolidated political elite rolled out its national program of material and social development.

Theorizing suburban public space in Kendall

The purpose of this study was to determine whether public space in the suburbs has the same settings as that of a central city or if it has its own characteristics. In order to approach this problem the area of Kendall was thoroughly studied by examining aerial maps, historic images and writings of local historians such as Donna Knowles Born. Heavy emphasis was placed on the transformation of the original one-mile grid characteristic of the city of Miami. As the area of Kendall was being developed, the grid was transformed into an irregular and organic method of laying out a street system that directly affected pedestrian life. It became evident, therefore, that Kendall is primarily geared toward automobile movement, thus affecting the setting of public space. This also restricted social events forcing them to concentrate in specific places like the malls. These findings demonstrated that malls are centers of social interaction concentrating many social activities in one place. In other words, a mall serves as a common meeting place in the otherwise vast spread of the suburbs. This thesis also explains how public spaces in a suburban context can affect the community by working as filtering agents between the immediate context of a particular site and the overall city. The project, a "Wellness Center and Park" for the Kendall area, was an exploration of these filtering agents and the transitions they engendered. The research upon which this project was based recognized the important role of the site's history as well as extrapolating as to its future potential.

Sydenham Street Revived: A Public Space Experiment

In 2015, the Sydenham Street Revived pop-up park project (SSR) transformed Sydenham Street between Princess and Queen Streets into a temporary pedestrian-only public space. The goal of the project was to test out the idea of permanently pedestrianizing this street section. But what did this urban experiment ultimately prove? Using video footage, photographs, and observations recorded before and during the project, this report analyzes the use of the space in order to evaluate the claim that SSR created a successful public space and to make recommendations for a permanent public space on Sydenham Street. Two research methods were used: quantitative data collection, consisting of headcounts of both pedestrians and stationary users of the space; and a qualitative observational survey, based on the criteria for successful public spaces developed by the Project for Public Spaces. Data collection occurred two days one week prior to the project, and two days during the project, on days that were similar in terms of temperature and weather. The research revealed that the SSR did create a successful public space, although additional research is needed in order to determine how the space would function as a public place throughout different seasons, to study the street closure’s impact on surrounding residents and businesses, and to understand how private commercial activity would influence use. Recommendations for a permanent public space on Sydenham Street include considerations for flexible street design and a continuous, barrier-free surface; ensuring that there is an abundance of places to sit; making opportunities for public and community-created art; and to improve walkability by connecting the grid using a mid-block walkway.

Redefining Urban Alleywalls: Urban Design for Active Public Space in Maynard Alley, Chinatown-International District, Seattle

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Way-Finding in the Built Environment

The Way-fi nding in the Built Environment project is a worldwide review identifying those way-fi nding systems and technologies that could be used to make it easier and safer for people with a sensory impairment (and in particular a vision impairment) to fi nd their way around buildings and large public spaces. The project makes recommendations on how these technologies and systems may be incorporated, by law or otherwise, into Australia’s building and construction practice. Way-fi nding aims to ensure that people with a sensory impairment know where they are in a building or an environment, where their desired location is, and how to get there from their present location. It is unlawful to discriminate against people with a disability under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992.

Changing the rules in use? An examination of social enterprise in local governance

As multi-stakeholder entities that explicitly inhabit both social and economic domains, social enterprises pose new challenges and possibilities for local governance. In this paper, we draw on new institutional theory to examine the ways in which locally-focused social enterprises disrupt path dependencies and rules in use within local government. Rather than examining the more commonly asked question of the influence of the state on social enterprise, our purpose here is to examine the impacts of social enterprise on governmental institutions at the local level. Our discussion is based on a mixed-methods study, including an online survey of 66 local government staff, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with 24 social enterprise practitioners and local government actors working to support social enterprise development in Victoria, Australia. We find that, in some instances, the hybrid nature of social enterprise facilitates ‘joining up’ between different functional areas of local government. Beyond organisational relationships, social enterprise also influences local governance through the reinterpretation and regeneration of institutionalised public spaces.